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Study Guide: Nunavut: Geography, History, Culture, and Governance

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Nunavut: Geography, History, Culture, and Governance Study Guide

Geography and Demographics

The capital city of Nunavut, Iqaluit, was formerly known as Frobisher Bay and was chosen through a territory-wide referendum in 1995.

Answer: True

Explanation: Iqaluit, previously Frobisher Bay, was indeed selected as the capital through a plebiscite held in 1995.

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Barbeau Peak, located on Ellesmere Island, is the highest point in Nunavut.

Answer: True

Explanation: Barbeau Peak, situated on Ellesmere Island, is indeed the highest point in Nunavut, reaching an elevation of 2,616 meters (8,583 feet).

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According to the 2021 Canadian Census, the Inuit constituted less than 75% of Nunavut's total population.

Answer: False

Explanation: The 2021 Canadian Census reported that the Inuit constituted 84.3% of Nunavut's total population, which is significantly more than 75%.

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Nunavut's population growth rate between 2016 and 2021 was the highest in Canada, continuing a long-standing trend.

Answer: False

Explanation: While Nunavut had the highest population growth rate between 2011 and 2016, its growth rate between 2016 and 2021 decreased to 2.5%, becoming the third lowest in Canada, thus not continuing the trend of being the highest.

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Which of the following islands is NOT explicitly mentioned as part of Nunavut's vast territory?

Answer: Banks Island

Explanation: The geographical scope of Nunavut explicitly mentions Ellesmere Island, the western portion of Killiniq Island, and Akimiski Island, but not Banks Island.

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How does Nunavut rank globally by territory size among country subdivisions?

Answer: Fifth-largest

Explanation: Nunavut is recognized as the fifth-largest country subdivision in the world by territory size.

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What was the former name of Nunavut's capital city, Iqaluit?

Answer: Frobisher Bay

Explanation: Nunavut's capital city, Iqaluit, was formerly known as Frobisher Bay.

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What is notable about Nunavut's population density compared to other major country subdivisions?

Answer: It is the least densely populated major country subdivision in the world, excluding Antarctica.

Explanation: Nunavut holds the distinction of being the least densely populated major country subdivision globally, excluding Antarctica.

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Which location in Nunavut is recognized as the world's northernmost continuously inhabited place?

Answer: Alert

Explanation: Alert, Nunavut, is recognized as the world's northernmost continuously inhabited place.

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What is the highest point in Nunavut?

Answer: Barbeau Peak

Explanation: Barbeau Peak, located on Ellesmere Island, is the highest point in Nunavut.

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What type of climate do most regions of Nunavut experience?

Answer: Polar climate

Explanation: Most regions of Nunavut experience a polar climate due to its high latitude.

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According to the 2021 Canadian Census, what percentage of Nunavut's total population identified as Inuit?

Answer: 84.3%

Explanation: The 2021 Canadian Census reported that 84.3% of Nunavut's total population identified as Inuit.

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Early History and European Contact

The Pre-Dorset people, who first populated mainland Nunavut approximately 4,500 years ago, migrated eastward from the Bering Strait region.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Pre-Dorset people, a Paleo-Eskimo culture, were the first to populate mainland Nunavut around 4,500 years ago, migrating eastward from the Bering Strait region.

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Martin Frobisher's 1576 expedition successfully located the Northwest Passage and discovered valuable gold ore on Baffin Island.

Answer: False

Explanation: Martin Frobisher's 1576 expedition aimed to find the Northwest Passage but did not succeed. He also mistakenly believed he found valuable gold ore on Baffin Island, which later proved worthless.

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The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples' 1994 report led to compensation for Inuit affected by the High Arctic relocation, but a formal apology was not issued until 2015.

Answer: False

Explanation: Following the 1994 report by the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, compensation was paid to affected Inuit, and a formal apology was issued in 2010 by Minister John Duncan, not 2015.

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Approximately how long ago was the region now known as mainland Nunavut first populated?

Answer: 4,500 years ago

Explanation: The region of mainland Nunavut was first populated approximately 4,500 years ago by the Pre-Dorset people.

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Who provided the earliest written historical account of the Nunavut area in 1576?

Answer: Martin Frobisher

Explanation: The earliest written historical account of the Nunavut area, dating to 1576, was provided by the English explorer Martin Frobisher.

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During the Cold War in the 1950s, Inuit were relocated from Nunavik (northern Quebec) to which two Nunavut communities?

Answer: Resolute and Grise Fiord

Explanation: In the 1950s, Inuit were relocated from Nunavik to the Nunavut communities of Resolute and Grise Fiord due to federal government concerns about the High Arctic's strategic geopolitical position.

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Formation and Governance

Nunavut's establishment in 1999 marked the first alteration to Canada's political map in over a century, preceding the admission of Newfoundland.

Answer: False

Explanation: The creation of Nunavut in 1999 was the first major change to Canada's political map in half a century, following the admission of Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) in 1949, not preceding it.

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The Nunavut Lands and Resources Devolution Agreement, signed in 2024, grants the government of Nunavut control over its land and resources.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Nunavut Lands and Resources Devolution Agreement, signed on January 18, 2024, indeed grants the government of Nunavut control over the territory's land and resources.

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The Commissioner of Nunavut is directly elected by the residents of the territory and serves as the primary representative of the Canadian monarch.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Commissioner of Nunavut is appointed by the Governor-in-Council, not directly elected, and their role is analogous to representing the Crown, but they are not a direct representative of the Canadian monarch.

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Nunavut elects two members to the House of Commons of Canada, making it one of the largest electoral districts by area.

Answer: False

Explanation: Nunavut elects only a single member to the House of Commons of Canada, although it is indeed the second-largest electoral district in the world by area.

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The Legislative Assembly of Nunavut operates on a consensus-based system, with members elected individually without political parties.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is unicameral and operates on a consensus-based system where members are elected individually, without formal political parties.

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When was Nunavut officially established as a Canadian territory?

Answer: April 1, 1999

Explanation: Nunavut was officially established as a Canadian territory on April 1, 1999, through the *Nunavut Act* and the *Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act*.

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What significant political event in 1949 is mentioned as the last major change to Canada's political map before Nunavut's creation?

Answer: The province of Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) was admitted.

Explanation: The admission of Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) in 1949 marked the last major change to Canada's political map before Nunavut's creation in 1999.

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When did formal land claims negotiations specifically discussing the division of the Northwest Territories to create a separate Inuit territory commence?

Answer: 1976

Explanation: Formal land claims negotiations for the division of the Northwest Territories to establish a separate Inuit territory began in 1976.

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What was the outcome of the 1982 plebiscite on the division of the Northwest Territories?

Answer: A majority of residents voted in favor of the division.

Explanation: The 1982 plebiscite on the division of the Northwest Territories resulted in a majority vote in favor of the division.

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How many members does Nunavut elect to the House of Commons of Canada?

Answer: One

Explanation: Nunavut elects a single member to the House of Commons of Canada.

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What is the governmental structure of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut?

Answer: Unicameral, operating on a consensus-based system without political parties.

Explanation: The Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is unicameral and operates on a consensus-based system, with members elected individually without political parties.

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Which members of the British Royal Family visited Nunavut in September 2012 for Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee?

Answer: Prince Edward and Sophie, Countess of Wessex

Explanation: Prince Edward and Sophie, Countess of Wessex, visited Nunavut in September 2012 as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.

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Culture, Language, and Society

Nunavut was the only place in North America to have no confirmed cases of COVID-19 throughout 2020.

Answer: False

Explanation: Nunavut was the only place in North America to have no confirmed cases of COVID-19 until its first case was reported on November 6, 2020, meaning it did not remain case-free throughout the entire year.

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The official languages of Nunavut include Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, and French.

Answer: True

Explanation: Nunavut's official languages are the Inuit language (Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun, collectively Inuktut), English, and French.

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The film production company Isuma, based in Igloolik, produced 'Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner,' the first feature film entirely in Inuktitut.

Answer: True

Explanation: Isuma, a film production company from Igloolik, produced 'Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner' in 1999, which holds the distinction of being the first feature film entirely in Inuktitut.

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Nunavut has a highly regulated alcohol market, with some communities having complete prohibition, which has successfully eliminated bootlegging.

Answer: False

Explanation: Despite a highly regulated alcohol market and prohibition in some communities, bootlegging remains a lucrative and significant problem in Nunavut, estimated at $10 million annually.

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Nunavut's smoking rate is among the lowest in Canada, reflecting successful public health campaigns.

Answer: False

Explanation: Nunavut has the highest smoking rate in Canada, with over half of its adult population regularly smoking, indicating a significant public health challenge rather than successful campaigns to reduce smoking.

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Which of the following was NOT identified as an official language of Nunavut?

Answer: German

Explanation: The official languages of Nunavut are Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, and French; German is not an official language.

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What was the primary concern raised by Ian Martin's 2000 report regarding Inuit languages in Nunavut schools?

Answer: A long-term threat to Inuit languages from English.

Explanation: Ian Martin's 2000 report highlighted a long-term threat to Inuit languages from English, exacerbated by existing school language policies.

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According to the 2016 census, what was the most commonly reported mother tongue in Nunavut?

Answer: Inuktitut

Explanation: The 2016 census indicated that Inuktitut was the most commonly reported mother tongue in Nunavut, with 63.1% of respondents.

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What percentage of Nunavut's population identified as non-religious in the 2021 census?

Answer: 24.9%

Explanation: In the 2021 census, 24.9% of Nunavut's population identified as non-religious, a significant increase from 13% in 2011.

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Which film production company, based in Igloolik, produced 'Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner,' the first feature film entirely in Inuktitut?

Answer: Isuma

Explanation: Isuma, a film production company based in Igloolik, produced 'Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner,' which was the first feature film entirely in Inuktitut.

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Economy and Infrastructure

Nunavut is unique among Canadian geopolitical regions for having direct road links to the Pan-American Highway system, connecting it to southern Canada.

Answer: False

Explanation: Nunavut is Canada's only geopolitical region that lacks direct road links to the Pan-American Highway system, meaning it is not connected to southern Canada by road.

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Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation is the largest public sector employer in Nunavut, primarily focused on gold extraction.

Answer: False

Explanation: Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation is the largest *private* sector employer in Nunavut, not public, and it primarily focuses on iron ore extraction, not gold.

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Nunavut's communities primarily rely on natural gas to power generators and heat homes, which is transported via an extensive pipeline network.

Answer: False

Explanation: Nunavut's communities primarily rely on diesel fuel, not natural gas, for power generation and heating, which is transported by plane or boat due to the lack of extensive road or rail links.

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The Human Development Index (HDI) for Nunavut in 2021 was categorized as 'Very high,' ranking 4th among Canadian provinces and territories.

Answer: True

Explanation: Nunavut's Human Development Index (HDI) for 2021 was 0.930, classified as 'Very high,' and it ranked 4th among Canadian provinces and territories.

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The Nunavut Arctic College is the only college operating within the territory.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Nunavut Arctic College is indeed the sole college operating within the territory of Nunavut.

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The Lupin Mine, a historic gold mine in Nunavut, operated from 1990 to 2010.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Lupin Mine, a historic gold mine in Nunavut, operated from 1982 to 2005, not from 1990 to 2010.

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Qiniq is a satellite network company that provides broadband Internet access to all communities in Nunavut.

Answer: False

Explanation: Qiniq provides broadband Internet access to 25 communities in Nunavut, not necessarily all communities.

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Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary driver of Nunavut's economy?

Answer: Agriculture

Explanation: Agriculture is not listed as a primary driver of Nunavut's economy; key drivers include government, mining, oil, gas, mineral exploration, arts, crafts, hunting, fishing, whaling, and tourism.

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What is the name of the largest private sector employer in Nunavut?

Answer: Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation

Explanation: Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation, operating the Mary River Mine, is identified as the largest private sector employer in Nunavut.

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What is the primary source of energy for Nunavut's communities?

Answer: Diesel fuel

Explanation: Nunavut's communities primarily rely on diesel fuel to power generators and heat homes.

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Symbols and Identity

Nunavut's first licence plate design, used from 1999, featured a distinct rectangular shape with the northern lights and an inuksuk.

Answer: False

Explanation: Nunavut's first licence plate design, used from 1999, was the polar bear shape originally from the Northwest Territories. Its own distinct rectangular design with northern lights and an inuksuk was adopted in March 2012.

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Andrew Qappik, an artist from Pangnirtung, designed both the flag and the coat of arms of Nunavut.

Answer: True

Explanation: Andrew Qappik, an artist hailing from Pangnirtung, is credited with designing both the flag and the coat of arms for Nunavut.

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The motto 'Nunavut Sannginivut' translates to 'Our land, our strength.'

Answer: True

Explanation: The Inuktitut phrase 'Nunavut Sannginivut' accurately translates to 'Our land, our strength,' serving as the territory's motto.

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Nunavut's official flower is the Arctic Poppy, and its official bird is the Snowy Owl.

Answer: False

Explanation: Nunavut's official flower is the Purple Saxifrage, and its official bird is the Rock Ptarmigan, not the Arctic Poppy and Snowy Owl.

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Who designed the flag and coat of arms of Nunavut?

Answer: Andrew Qappik

Explanation: Andrew Qappik, an artist from Pangnirtung, designed both the flag and the coat of arms of Nunavut.

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What is the meaning of Nunavut's motto, 'Nunavut Sannginivut'?

Answer: 'Our land, our strength'

Explanation: The Inuktitut phrase 'Nunavut Sannginivut' translates to 'Our land, our strength,' which is Nunavut's official motto.

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Environmental and Global Issues

Global warming is a significant concern for Nunavut because the region is warming at approximately the same rate as the global average.

Answer: False

Explanation: Global warming is a significant concern for Nunavut because the region is warming at approximately *twice* the rate of the global average, not the same rate.

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The territorial dispute over the Northwest Passage involves Canada and Russia, concerning sovereignty over Arctic shipping routes.

Answer: False

Explanation: The long-standing territorial dispute over Canadian sovereignty concerning the Northwest Passage involves Canada and the United States, not Russia.

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How much faster is Nunavut warming compared to the global average due to global warming?

Answer: About twice as fast

Explanation: Nunavut is warming at approximately twice the rate of the global average due to global warming.

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