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The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) was established after World War II to manage post-war economic recovery.
Answer: True
Explanation: The OEEC was established in April 1948 to coordinate the distribution and administration of Marshall Plan aid, thereby managing the post-war economic recovery of European nations.
The OEEC's main goal was to coordinate the distribution of Marshall Plan aid among European nations.
Answer: True
Explanation: The primary objective of the OEEC upon its establishment was to facilitate the effective coordination and distribution of Marshall Plan aid for the reconstruction of Europe.
The OECD was formed directly from the OEEC without any significant changes in mission or structure.
Answer: False
Explanation: The OECD superseded the OEEC in 1961 with an expanded global mission and a broader membership, reflecting evolving international economic dynamics beyond post-war European reconstruction.
The founding members of the OECD included only European nations and the United States.
Answer: False
Explanation: The founding members of the OECD in 1961 included European nations, the United States, and Canada.
Japan was one of the initial founding members of the OECD in 1961.
Answer: False
Explanation: Japan joined the OECD in 1964, three years after its founding in 1961.
The OECD was established in 1961, succeeding the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC).
Answer: True
Explanation: The OECD was officially established on September 30, 1961, as the successor organization to the OEEC, with an expanded mandate and membership.
Robert Marjolin was the Secretary-General of the OECD from 1955 to 1960.
Answer: False
Explanation: Robert Marjolin served as the Secretary-General of the OEEC from 1948 to 1955. The OECD was established later.
The OEEC was established to administer Marshall Plan aid for European reconstruction.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) was founded in 1948 with the primary purpose of administering the Marshall Plan aid for the reconstruction of Europe.
What was the predecessor organization to the OECD, established in April 1948?
Answer: The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC)
Explanation: The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), established in April 1948, was the predecessor organization to the OECD.
What was the primary initial purpose of the OEEC?
Answer: To administer Marshall Plan aid for the reconstruction of Europe.
Explanation: The OEEC was established with the primary goal of coordinating the distribution and administration of Marshall Plan aid to facilitate the post-war reconstruction of Europe.
Which event prompted the transformation of the OEEC into the OECD?
Answer: The creation of the European Economic Community and Euratom, necessitating a broader global mission.
Explanation: The establishment of the European Economic Community and Euratom prompted a reevaluation of the OEEC's role, leading to its transformation into the OECD with a broader, more global mission.
Which of the following countries was NOT a founding member of the OECD in 1961?
Answer: Japan
Explanation: Japan became a member of the OECD in 1964, after the organization's founding in 1961. The United States, Canada, and West Germany were among the founding members.
Which organization was established in April 1948 to facilitate European reconstruction using Marshall Plan aid?
Answer: OEEC
Explanation: The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) was established in April 1948 to administer Marshall Plan aid for European reconstruction.
The primary role of the OECD is to facilitate discussions among member countries on economic policy and trade.
Answer: True
Explanation: The OECD serves as an intergovernmental forum for member countries to compare policy experiences, seek solutions to common problems, and coordinate domestic and international policies, thereby facilitating discussions on economic policy and trade.
OECD member countries are primarily united by shared political ideologies rather than economic commitments.
Answer: False
Explanation: OECD member countries are primarily united by shared commitments to democracy and the market economy, alongside their economic cooperation objectives.
In 2017, OECD member countries accounted for less than half of the world's nominal GDP.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2017, OECD member countries collectively represented 62.2% of the world's nominal GDP, significantly more than half.
Contributing to the expansion of world trade is one of the three main aims of the OECD.
Answer: True
Explanation: Article 1 of the OECD Convention explicitly lists contributing to the expansion of world trade as one of its three main aims.
OECD member countries generally exhibit lower levels of social welfare spending compared to non-member countries.
Answer: False
Explanation: OECD member countries generally exhibit higher levels of social welfare spending, often representing a significant portion of their GDP, compared to many non-member countries.
The OECD's primary function is to provide humanitarian aid to developing nations.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the OECD contributes to global economic development, its primary function is not humanitarian aid but rather serving as a forum for policy coordination, economic analysis, and promoting sustainable growth and trade among its members.
The OECD's combined GDP represented approximately 42.8% of the global GDP in purchasing power parity terms in 2017.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 2017, OECD member countries' combined GDP in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms was $54.2 trillion, representing 42.8% of the global total.
What is the primary function of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)?
Answer: To serve as an intergovernmental forum for member countries to compare policy experiences and coordinate policies.
Explanation: The OECD's primary function is to act as an intergovernmental forum where member countries can compare policy experiences, seek solutions to common problems, and coordinate domestic and international policies to foster economic progress and world trade.
Which of the following best describes the core values shared by OECD member countries?
Answer: Shared commitment to democracy and the market economy.
Explanation: OECD member countries are characterized by a shared commitment to democratic principles and market-based economies, which forms the foundation for their cooperation.
As of 2017, what percentage of the world's nominal GDP did OECD member countries collectively represent?
Answer: Approximately 62.2%
Explanation: In 2017, OECD member countries collectively accounted for approximately 62.2% of the world's nominal GDP.
According to Article 1 of its Convention, which of the following is NOT one of the main aims of the OECD?
Answer: To promote cultural tourism and exchange programs.
Explanation: The three main aims of the OECD, as stated in Article 1 of its Convention, are to achieve sustainable economic growth and employment, maintain financial stability, and contribute to the expansion of world trade. Promoting cultural tourism is not explicitly listed as a primary aim.
The OECD's structure comprises member countries, specialized committees, and the Secretariat.
Answer: True
Explanation: The OECD's organizational structure is fundamentally composed of its member countries, numerous specialized committees and working groups, and the Secretariat.
Decisions within the OECD require a simple majority vote among member countries.
Answer: False
Explanation: Decisions within the OECD Council are typically made by consensus, requiring unanimity among those voting, rather than a simple majority.
The selection of the OECD Secretary-General requires consensus among all member states.
Answer: True
Explanation: The appointment of the OECD Secretary-General is a significant decision that requires consensus among all member states.
Mathias Cormann has served as the Secretary-General of the OECD since 2006.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mathias Cormann became Secretary-General of the OECD in 2021. José Ángel Gurría served from 2006 to 2021.
The OECD has approximately 200 specialized committees and working groups.
Answer: True
Explanation: The OECD operates through a complex network of approximately 200 specialized committees, working groups, and expert groups that focus on specific policy areas.
The OECD's 'Part I Budget' is primarily funded by voluntary donations from non-governmental organizations.
Answer: False
Explanation: The OECD's 'Part I Budget' is primarily funded by assessed contributions from its member countries, based on their economic size.
Permanent missions accredited to the OECD are responsible for representing the interests of non-member countries.
Answer: False
Explanation: Permanent missions accredited to the OECD represent the interests of member countries within the organization. Non-member countries engage through specific partnership programs or observer status.
The OECD Forum is an annual event that brings together diverse leaders to discuss global issues.
Answer: True
Explanation: The OECD Forum is an annual event that convenes leaders from government, business, civil society, and academia to engage in discussions on pressing global issues.
The OECD's Secretary-General is selected through a simple majority vote of the member states.
Answer: False
Explanation: The selection of the OECD Secretary-General requires consensus among all member states, not a simple majority vote.
The OECD's structure includes member countries, committees, and the Secretariat, led by the Secretary-General.
Answer: True
Explanation: The fundamental components of the OECD's structure are its member countries, the various specialized committees and working groups, and the Secretariat, which is headed by the Secretary-General.
The OECD's annual revenue is approximately €900 million, primarily funded by member contributions.
Answer: True
Explanation: The OECD's annual revenue for the 2023-2024 budget period exceeded €900 million, with the primary funding source being assessed contributions from member countries.
Which entity leads the OECD Secretariat?
Answer: The Secretary-General
Explanation: The OECD Secretariat is led by the Secretary-General, who oversees the organization's administrative and analytical functions.
How are decisions typically made within the OECD Council?
Answer: By consensus, requiring unanimity among those voting.
Explanation: Decisions within the OECD Council are generally made by consensus, meaning that all voting members must agree for a decision to be adopted.
The OECD's approximate annual revenue for the 2023-2024 budget period exceeded:
Answer: €900 million
Explanation: For the 2023-2024 budget period, the OECD's annual revenue exceeded €900 million.
What is the primary source of funding for the OECD's 'Part I Budget'?
Answer: Assessed contributions from member countries.
Explanation: The primary source of funding for the OECD's 'Part I Budget' consists of assessed contributions from its member countries.
Who served as Secretary-General of the OECD from 1969 to 1984?
Answer: Emiel van Lennep
Explanation: Emiel van Lennep served as the Secretary-General of the OECD from 1969 to 1984.
Most OECD member countries are characterized by high-income economies and very high Human Development Index scores.
Answer: True
Explanation: The majority of OECD member countries are classified as high-income economies and typically exhibit very high Human Development Index scores, reflecting advanced levels of economic and social development.
The OECD actively supported Central European countries in their transition to market economies following the Revolutions of 1989.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the Revolutions of 1989, the OECD established programs and initiatives, such as the Centre for Co-operation with European Economies in Transition, to assist Central European countries in their transition to market economies.
The OECD evaluates potential new members based solely on their economic size.
Answer: False
Explanation: The OECD evaluates potential new members based on four key criteria: 'like-mindedness' (shared values), being a 'significant player' in the global economy, offering 'mutual benefit,' and considering 'global considerations.' Economic size is only one aspect.
Russia's membership talks with the OECD were halted due to its actions in Crimea in 2014.
Answer: True
Explanation: In March 2014, the OECD halted membership talks with Russia in response to its annexation of Crimea and related actions.
Russia and Belarus were suspended from OECD participation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Answer: False
Explanation: Russia and Belarus were suspended from OECD participation in March 2022 due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, not in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mexico and South Korea joined the OECD between 1996 and 2000.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mexico and South Korea were among the countries that joined the OECD between 1996 and 2000, as part of the organization's enlargement process.
Chile, Estonia, Israel, and Slovenia joined the OECD in 2010.
Answer: True
Explanation: Chile, Estonia, Israel, and Slovenia successfully completed their accession processes and became members of the OECD in 2010.
Latvia joined the OECD after Lithuania.
Answer: False
Explanation: Latvia joined the OECD on July 1, 2016, while Lithuania joined later on July 5, 2018.
Argentina and Indonesia are currently undergoing accession discussions with the OECD as of March 2024.
Answer: True
Explanation: As of March 2024, Argentina and Indonesia have had accession roadmaps adopted by the OECD, indicating they are undergoing accession discussions.
Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and South Africa are designated as Key Partners by the OECD.
Answer: True
Explanation: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and South Africa are designated as Key Partners by the OECD, signifying enhanced engagement and cooperation with these major emerging economies.
Ukraine has applied for OECD membership and is currently undergoing accession discussions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ukraine has expressed interest in OECD membership and is currently considered an applicant country undergoing accession discussions.
Kazakhstan, Malaysia, and Vietnam have expressed interest in joining the OECD.
Answer: True
Explanation: Kazakhstan, Malaysia, and Vietnam are among the countries that have formally expressed interest in pursuing membership in the OECD.
The OECD holds observer status at the United Nations General Assembly.
Answer: True
Explanation: The OECD maintains observer status at the United Nations General Assembly, reflecting its role as a significant international organization with cooperative ties to the UN system.
How did the Revolutions of 1989 influence the OECD's activities?
Answer: It began actively assisting Central European countries in transitioning to market economies.
Explanation: Following the Revolutions of 1989, the OECD expanded its engagement to actively support Central European countries in their transition towards market economies, establishing specific programs for this purpose.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four key criteria defined by the OECD for potential new members?
Answer: Having the largest population among potential candidates.
Explanation: The four key criteria for OECD membership are 'like-mindedness' (shared values), being a 'significant player' in the global economy, offering 'mutual benefit,' and considering 'global considerations.' Population size is not explicitly listed as a criterion.
In May 2007, the OECD decided to open accession discussions with which group of countries?
Answer: Chile, Estonia, Israel, Russia, Slovenia
Explanation: In May 2007, the OECD Ministerial Council decided to open accession discussions with Chile, Estonia, Israel, Russia, and Slovenia.
What was the reason cited for halting membership talks with Russia in March 2014?
Answer: Russia's annexation of Crimea and related actions.
Explanation: Membership talks with Russia were halted in March 2014 by the OECD in response to Russia's annexation of Crimea and its subsequent actions.
Which countries joined the OECD between 1996 and 2000?
Answer: Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, South Korea, Mexico
Explanation: The countries that joined the OECD between 1996 and 2000 include Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, South Korea, and Mexico.
Which of the following countries joined the OECD in 2010?
Answer: Chile, Estonia, Israel, and Slovenia
Explanation: Chile, Estonia, Israel, and Slovenia were admitted as members of the OECD in 2010.
When did Colombia officially become a member of the OECD?
Answer: April 28, 2020
Explanation: Colombia signed its accession agreement on May 30, 2018, and officially became a member of the OECD on April 28, 2020.
Which countries are designated as Key Partners by the OECD?
Answer: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, South Africa
Explanation: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and South Africa are designated as Key Partners by the OECD, indicating a strategic level of engagement.
What is the OECD's relationship with the United Nations?
Answer: The OECD has observer status at the UN General Assembly.
Explanation: The OECD holds observer status at the United Nations General Assembly, facilitating cooperation and coordination between the two international organizations.
Which of the following countries joined the OECD on July 1, 2016?
Answer: Latvia
Explanation: Latvia officially became a member of the OECD on July 1, 2016.
As of recent reports, which countries have had accession roadmaps adopted by the OECD in March 2024?
Answer: Argentina, Indonesia
Explanation: In March 2024, the OECD adopted accession roadmaps for Argentina and Indonesia, signifying progress in their membership bids.
The OECD does not play a role in setting international taxation rules for multinational enterprises.
Answer: False
Explanation: The OECD plays a significant role in setting international taxation rules for multinational enterprises through various guidelines, model conventions, and reports.
The OECD Model Tax Convention generally favors the source country for taxation rights over the residence country.
Answer: False
Explanation: The OECD Model Tax Convention generally grants primary taxing rights to the residence country, not the source country, particularly for income derived from capital investment.
Pillar 1 of the OECD's tax reform proposals aims to reallocate taxing rights to countries where business is conducted.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pillar 1 of the OECD's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project aims to reallocate a portion of taxing rights on profits of the largest and most profitable multinational enterprises to market jurisdictions where business is conducted.
Pillar 2 proposes a global minimum corporate tax rate of 10%, intended to ensure companies pay taxes in their home countries if taxed lower elsewhere.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pillar 2 proposes a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15%, not 10%, intended to ensure large multinational companies pay a minimum level of tax regardless of where they operate.
The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are legally binding recommendations for corporate behavior.
Answer: False
Explanation: The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are legally non-binding recommendations for responsible business conduct, not legally binding treaties.
The OECD Model Tax Convention primarily allocates taxing rights to the country where the investment is made.
Answer: False
Explanation: The OECD Model Tax Convention generally allocates primary taxing rights to the residence country (where the investment originates), rather than the source country (where the investment is made).
Pillar 2 aims to ensure large multinational companies pay a minimum effective tax rate of 15% globally.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pillar 2 of the OECD's international tax reform proposals aims to establish a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15% for large multinational enterprises.
The OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises includes the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.
Answer: True
Explanation: The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are an integral part of the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises, setting standards for responsible business conduct.
What is the primary role of the OECD concerning international taxation?
Answer: To establish rules and guidelines for international taxation of multinational enterprises.
Explanation: The OECD plays a crucial role in developing international tax rules and guidelines, including the Model Tax Convention and transfer pricing guidelines, to govern the taxation of multinational enterprises.
The OECD Model Tax Convention generally allocates primary taxing rights to which country?
Answer: The country where the capital investment originates (residence country).
Explanation: The OECD Model Tax Convention typically allocates primary taxing rights for income derived from capital investment to the residence country of the investor.
What is the main objective of Pillar 1 in the OECD's international tax reform proposals?
Answer: To reallocate taxing rights over multinational profits to market jurisdictions.
Explanation: Pillar 1 aims to reallocate a portion of taxing rights on the profits of the largest and most profitable multinational enterprises to the market jurisdictions where their customers or users are located.
Under Pillar 2, what is the proposed global minimum corporate tax rate?
Answer: 15%
Explanation: Pillar 2 of the OECD's international tax reform proposals sets a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15%.
What is the legal standing of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises?
Answer: They are legally non-binding recommendations for responsible business conduct.
Explanation: The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are voluntary, non-binding recommendations that provide principles and standards for responsible business conduct.
What does the OECD Model Tax Convention primarily aim to regulate?
Answer: Allocation of taxation rights between countries in bilateral tax treaties.
Explanation: The OECD Model Tax Convention serves as a template for bilateral tax treaties, primarily regulating the allocation of taxation rights between countries.
What is the intended effect of Pillar 2 of the OECD's tax reform proposals?
Answer: To ensure large multinational companies pay a minimum effective tax rate globally.
Explanation: Pillar 2 is designed to establish a global minimum effective tax rate for large multinational enterprises, thereby reducing the incentive for companies to shift profits to low-tax jurisdictions.
OECD publications and databases published since 1998 are primarily accessible through the OECD iLibrary.
Answer: True
Explanation: The OECD iLibrary serves as the primary online platform for accessing OECD titles and databases published since 1998.
The 'OECD Economic Outlook' is published quarterly and focuses on environmental indicators.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'OECD Economic Outlook' is published twice a year and focuses on economic forecasts and analysis, not primarily environmental indicators.
The OECD Observer magazine ceased publication in 2019.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'OECD Observer' magazine ceased publication with its fourth quarter 2019 edition.
The OECD's online library, OECD iLibrary, contains publications dating back to 1947.
Answer: False
Explanation: The OECD iLibrary primarily contains publications and databases published since 1998. The OECD Library & Archives hold materials dating back to 1947.
Where can users access OECD publications and databases published since 1998?
Answer: The OECD iLibrary.
Explanation: The OECD iLibrary is the primary online repository for accessing OECD publications and databases published since 1998.
Which of the following is a flagship publication of the OECD?
Answer: The OECD Economic Outlook
Explanation: The 'OECD Economic Outlook' is recognized as one of the OECD's key flagship publications, providing analysis and forecasts of global economic trends.
How frequently is the 'OECD Economic Outlook' published?
Answer: Twice a year
Explanation: The 'OECD Economic Outlook' is published twice annually, providing comprehensive economic forecasts and analysis.
What happened to the 'OECD Observer' magazine?
Answer: It ceased publication in late 2019.
Explanation: The 'OECD Observer' magazine ceased publication with its final edition in late 2019.
Which of the following is a key flagship publication mentioned in the source, providing economic forecasts?
Answer: OECD Economic Outlook
Explanation: The 'OECD Economic Outlook' is identified as a key flagship publication that provides economic forecasts and analysis.
What does the OECD iLibrary provide access to?
Answer: OECD titles and databases published since 1998.
Explanation: The OECD iLibrary serves as the digital repository for OECD titles and databases published from 1998 onwards.