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The term 'enteral' refers to drug administration routes that bypass the gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'enteral' specifically refers to routes of administration that involve the gastrointestinal tract, such as oral, buccal, and sublingual.
Parenteral administration utilizes the gastrointestinal tract for drug delivery.
Answer: False
Explanation: Parenteral administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, typically involving injections or infusions directly into tissues or the bloodstream.
Oral administration is categorized under which broader type of administration?
Answer: Enteral administration
Explanation: Oral administration, involving the gastrointestinal tract, is a primary form of enteral administration.
Which of the following is NOT listed as part of enteral administration in the source?
Answer: Intravenous administration
Explanation: Intravenous administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and is therefore a parenteral route, not an enteral one.
What does the term 'enteral' specifically refer to?
Answer: Administration involving the gastrointestinal tract.
Explanation: The term 'enteral' specifically refers to administration routes that involve the gastrointestinal tract.
What is the fundamental difference between enteral and parenteral administration?
Answer: Enteral uses the GI tract, parenteral bypasses it.
Explanation: Enteral administration utilizes the gastrointestinal tract, whereas parenteral administration bypasses the GI tract.
Oral administration is defined as a method where medication is taken through the nose and inhaled.
Answer: False
Explanation: Oral administration involves taking medication through the mouth and swallowing it, not via the nose or inhalation.
The Latin term 'per os' is synonymous with oral administration.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Latin term 'per os' translates to 'through the mouth' and is indeed synonymous with oral administration.
Oral administration is generally considered less painful than injections.
Answer: True
Explanation: Oral administration is typically preferred over injections due to being less painful and easier for patients.
The effectiveness of orally administered medications can be compromised by poor absorption within the digestive system.
Answer: True
Explanation: If oral medications are not well absorbed by the digestive system or are degraded by enzymes, their effectiveness can be significantly reduced.
Oral administration is suitable for patients who are unconscious.
Answer: False
Explanation: Oral administration requires the patient to be conscious and able to swallow; it is not suitable for unconscious patients.
Drinking water can assist in the swallowing of solid oral medications.
Answer: True
Explanation: Drinking water helps to facilitate the swallowing of solid dosage forms like tablets and capsules, making ingestion easier.
Flavoring agents are used to mask unpleasant tastes in oral medications.
Answer: True
Explanation: Flavoring agents are added to oral medications to improve palatability and mask disagreeable tastes, thereby encouraging patient compliance.
A drinking straw should be used for all oral medications to ensure proper absorption.
Answer: False
Explanation: Drinking straws are recommended for specific situations, such as protecting teeth from potentially harmful substances, but not for all oral medications or to ensure absorption.
The image described as 'Oral administration of a liquid' depicts a patient receiving an injection.
Answer: False
Explanation: The image described as 'Oral administration of a liquid' visually represents the procedure of giving liquid medication by mouth, not an injection.
Oral administration is the least common route for delivering medications.
Answer: False
Explanation: Oral administration is widely recognized as the most common and primary route for delivering medications.
The digestive system's role in oral administration is to break down substances and facilitate absorption into the bloodstream.
Answer: True
Explanation: The digestive system is crucial for processing orally administered substances, breaking them down and facilitating their absorption into the bloodstream.
Oral administration is defined as taking medication through the mouth and swallowing it.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement accurately defines oral administration as taking medication via the mouth and swallowing it.
Which of the following best defines oral administration?
Answer: Taking medication through the mouth and swallowing it.
Explanation: Oral administration is defined as the process of taking medication by mouth and swallowing it for processing by the digestive system.
What is the Latin term commonly used for oral administration?
Answer: Per os
Explanation: The Latin term 'per os,' meaning 'through the mouth,' is commonly used to refer to oral administration.
According to the source, what is a primary advantage of oral administration compared to injections?
Answer: Less painful for the patient.
Explanation: Oral administration is generally considered less painful and easier for patients compared to injections.
Which factor can reduce the effectiveness of orally administered substances?
Answer: Degradation by digestive enzymes.
Explanation: The effectiveness of oral medications can be reduced if they are degraded by digestive enzymes or poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract.
For which patient condition is oral administration generally NOT suitable?
Answer: Patient is unable to swallow.
Explanation: Oral administration requires the patient to be able to swallow; it is not suitable for patients who are unable to do so.
What is the purpose of adding a flavoring agent to oral medications?
Answer: To make them more palatable.
Explanation: Flavoring agents are added to oral medications to improve their taste and make them more palatable for the patient.
When might a drinking straw be recommended for oral administration?
Answer: To protect teeth from potentially harmful substances.
Explanation: A drinking straw can be recommended to administer substances that might harm tooth enamel, thereby protecting dental health.
What is the primary route of administration for many medications, according to the source?
Answer: Oral
Explanation: Oral administration is identified as the primary route for many medications.
What is the role of the digestive system in oral administration?
Answer: To break down substances and facilitate absorption.
Explanation: The digestive system's role is to process orally administered substances by breaking them down and facilitating their absorption into the bloodstream.
Which of the following is a potential gastrointestinal side effect of oral administration?
Answer: Nausea or vomiting
Explanation: Nausea or vomiting are potential gastrointestinal side effects that can occur with oral administration of medications.
What does the image captioned 'Oral administration of a liquid' visually represent?
Answer: The procedure of giving liquid medication by mouth.
Explanation: The image visually depicts the process of administering liquid medication orally.
Buccal administration, which involves medication dissolving inside the cheek, is classified as a form of parenteral administration.
Answer: False
Explanation: Buccal administration is a form of enteral administration, as it involves the gastrointestinal tract indirectly through absorption via the oral mucosa.
Sublingual administration is strictly classified as oral administration because it involves the mouth.
Answer: False
Explanation: While sublingual administration occurs in the mouth, its rapid absorption directly into the bloodstream often leads to its classification as a parenteral route, distinct from typical oral administration.
Medications administered via the oral mucosa can include lozenges and chewing gum.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lozenges and chewing gum are examples of solid dosage forms designed for administration via the oral mucosa, allowing for absorption through the lining of the mouth.
Sublingual administration typically results in slower absorption compared to standard oral administration.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sublingual administration typically results in faster absorption compared to standard oral administration because it bypasses much of the digestive system and enters the bloodstream directly.
Sublabial administration involves dissolving medication under the tongue.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sublabial administration involves dissolving medication under the lip, whereas dissolving medication under the tongue is sublingual administration.
Why might sublingual administration be considered a parenteral route by some?
Answer: It bypasses the digestive system for absorption.
Explanation: Sublingual administration is sometimes classified as parenteral because its rapid absorption directly into the bloodstream bypasses much of the digestive system.
Which route involves medication dissolving inside the cheek?
Answer: Buccal
Explanation: Buccal administration involves placing medication inside the cheek for dissolution and absorption.
Which administration route involves medication dissolving under the tongue?
Answer: Sublingual
Explanation: Sublingual administration involves placing medication under the tongue for dissolution and absorption.
Intramuscular injections deliver medication directly into a vein.
Answer: False
Explanation: Intramuscular injections deliver medication into muscle tissue, whereas intravenous injections deliver medication directly into a vein.
Intrathecal administration involves delivering medication into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Answer: True
Explanation: Intrathecal administration is the delivery of medication directly into the cerebrospinal fluid within the spinal canal.
A Murphy drip is a method for administering medication directly into the bone marrow.
Answer: False
Explanation: A Murphy drip is a method for administering an enema into the rectum, not directly into the bone marrow.
Epidural administration involves injecting medication into the space surrounding the spinal cord's dura mater.
Answer: True
Explanation: Epidural administration involves injecting medication into the epidural space, which surrounds the spinal cord's dura mater.
Intravenous infusion delivers medication directly into which part of the circulatory system?
Answer: A vein
Explanation: Intravenous infusion delivers medication directly into a vein for rapid systemic distribution.
What does 'intrathecal administration' involve?
Answer: Delivery into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Explanation: Intrathecal administration involves the delivery of medication directly into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Which of the following is a method of administering medication directly into the bone marrow?
Answer: Intraosseous infusion
Explanation: Intraosseous infusion is the method used to deliver medications or fluids directly into the bone marrow.
What is the function of a 'patient-controlled analgesia' (PCA) pump?
Answer: To allow patients to self-administer pain medication.
Explanation: A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump allows patients to self-administer pain medication according to prescribed parameters.
Medicinal inhalants are administered through the digestive system.
Answer: False
Explanation: Medicinal inhalants are administered through the respiratory tract, targeting the lungs directly, not the digestive system.
A transdermal patch delivers medication locally to the skin only.
Answer: False
Explanation: Transdermal patches are designed to deliver medication systemically into the bloodstream through the skin over a prolonged period, not just locally.
Iontophoresis uses electrical current to aid in the delivery of drugs through the skin.
Answer: True
Explanation: Iontophoresis is a technique that employs a small electrical current to enhance the transdermal delivery of charged drug molecules through the skin.
Medicated shampoos are used to treat conditions affecting the respiratory tract.
Answer: False
Explanation: Medicated shampoos are used to treat conditions affecting the scalp and hair, not the respiratory tract.
What is the primary purpose of a transdermal patch?
Answer: To deliver medication systemically through the skin over time.
Explanation: Transdermal patches are designed for the continuous, systemic delivery of medication through the skin over an extended period.
Which administration route targets the lungs directly?
Answer: Medicinal inhalants
Explanation: Medicinal inhalants are administered via the respiratory tract to target the lungs directly.
Tablets and capsules are examples of oral liquid dosage forms.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tablets and capsules are examples of oral solid dosage (OSD) forms, not oral liquid dosage forms.
Time-release formulations are designed to release medication all at once.
Answer: False
Explanation: Time-release or sustained-release formulations are specifically designed to release medication gradually over an extended period, not all at once.
Pastilles and lozenges are intended to be swallowed whole immediately after administration.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pastilles and lozenges are designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth, allowing for local or systemic absorption, rather than being swallowed whole immediately.
Capsules designed to dissolve in the stomach protect medication from stomach acid.
Answer: True
Explanation: Capsules with coatings designed to dissolve in the stomach are often used to protect the medication from stomach acid or to ensure its release in a specific part of the digestive tract.
Oral liquid dosage forms include syrups and drops.
Answer: True
Explanation: Syrups and drops are indeed common examples of oral liquid dosage forms for medications.
Which dosage form category includes tablets and capsules?
Answer: Oral solid dosage (OSD) forms
Explanation: Tablets and capsules are classified as oral solid dosage (OSD) forms.
What is the function of time-release or sustained-release oral dosage forms?
Answer: To release medication gradually over time.
Explanation: Time-release or sustained-release forms are designed to release medication gradually over an extended period, optimizing therapeutic effects.
Which of the following is an example of an oral liquid dosage form?
Answer: Syrup
Explanation: Syrup is an example of an oral liquid dosage form.
What is the purpose of a 'Mucoadhesive microdisc' in drug delivery?
Answer: Adherence to the oral mucosa for sustained release.
Explanation: A mucoadhesive microdisc is designed to adhere to the oral mucosa, facilitating sustained release and absorption of medication.
What are 'pastilles' and 'lozenges' designed for?
Answer: Slow dissolution in the mouth.
Explanation: Pastilles and lozenges are designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth, facilitating local effects or absorption through the oral mucosa.
The abbreviation PO on a prescription indicates that the medication should be administered via injection.
Answer: False
Explanation: The abbreviation PO, derived from 'per os,' signifies that the medication should be administered by mouth.
The medical instruction 'NPO' means a patient should consume food and liquids orally.
Answer: False
Explanation: The medical instruction 'NPO' (Nothing by mouth) signifies that a patient should not consume any food or liquid orally.
SL is a common medical abbreviation for sublingual administration.
Answer: True
Explanation: SL is a widely recognized medical abbreviation for sublingual administration, indicating medication should be placed under the tongue.
The Latin phrase 'per os' translates to 'through the skin'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Latin phrase 'per os' translates to 'through the mouth,' not 'through the skin'.
What does the abbreviation 'PO' on a medical prescription signify?
Answer: Administer by mouth.
Explanation: The abbreviation 'PO' on a prescription is derived from the Latin 'per os' and signifies that the medication should be administered by mouth.
The medical instruction 'Nothing by mouth' is abbreviated as:
Answer: NPO
Explanation: The medical instruction 'Nothing by mouth' is commonly abbreviated as NPO.