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Oristano is located in the central-western part of Sardinia, specifically on the northern section of the Campidano plain.
Answer: True
Explanation: The city of Oristano is situated in the central-western part of Sardinia, on the northern section of the Campidano plain, as detailed in the source.
Oristano was officially designated as a provincial capital in 1984.
Answer: False
Explanation: Oristano was officially established as a provincial capital on July 16, 1974, not 1984.
As of December 2017, Oristano's population exceeded 40,000 inhabitants.
Answer: False
Explanation: As of December 2017, Oristano's population was recorded as 31,671 inhabitants, which is less than 40,000.
The economy of Oristano is primarily driven by heavy industry and mining.
Answer: False
Explanation: Oristano's economy is primarily based on services, agriculture, tourism, and small industries, not heavy industry and mining.
The Sardinian name for Oristano is *Aristanis*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The city is known as *Aristanis* in Sardinian, as stated in the provided information.
Oristano experiences a temperate oceanic climate with consistent rainfall throughout the year.
Answer: False
Explanation: Oristano experiences a subtropical Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild winters with seasonal rainfall, not consistent rainfall throughout the year.
The average daily maximum temperature in Oristano's hottest month (August) is 32.2 °C (90.0 °F).
Answer: True
Explanation: Based on 1981-2010 data, the average daily maximum temperature in Oristano during August, its hottest month, is indeed 32.2 °C (90.0 °F).
July typically receives the most average precipitation in Oristano.
Answer: False
Explanation: According to climate data, November typically receives the most average precipitation in Oristano, while July receives the least.
Oristano is twinned with Ciutadella de Menorca, Spain, and Garden City, Kansas, United States.
Answer: True
Explanation: Oristano maintains twinning relationships with Ciutadella de Menorca, Spain, and Garden City, Kansas, United States.
The current mayor of Oristano is Giovanni Piras.
Answer: False
Explanation: The current mayor of Oristano is Andrea Lutzu, not Giovanni Piras.
Oristano is situated at an elevation of 30 meters (10 feet) above sea level.
Answer: False
Explanation: Oristano is located at an elevation of 10 meters (30 feet) above sea level, not 30 meters (10 feet).
The demonyms for people from Oristano are Oristanesi and Aristanesus.
Answer: True
Explanation: The residents of Oristano are referred to by the demonyms Oristanesi and Aristanesus.
The patron saint of Oristano is St. Archelaus, whose feast day is celebrated on February 13.
Answer: True
Explanation: St. Archelaus is the patron saint of Oristano, with his feast day observed on February 13.
Marina di Torre Grande is one of the *frazioni* (subdivisions) of Oristano.
Answer: True
Explanation: Marina di Torre Grande is listed as one of the *frazioni*, or subdivisions, that constitute the municipality of Oristano.
Which of the following best describes Oristano's geographical location?
Answer: In the central-western part of Sardinia, on the northern section of the Campidano plain.
Explanation: Oristano is located in the central-western part of the island of Sardinia, specifically on the northern section of the Campidano plain.
When was Oristano officially established as a provincial capital?
Answer: July 16, 1974
Explanation: Oristano was officially designated as the provincial capital on July 16, 1974.
What was the approximate population of Oristano as of December 2017?
Answer: 31,671 inhabitants
Explanation: As of December 2017, the city of Oristano had a population of 31,671 inhabitants.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary sector driving Oristano's economy?
Answer: Heavy industry
Explanation: Oristano's economy is primarily based on services, agriculture, tourism, and small industries; heavy industry is not listed as a primary sector.
What is the Sardinian name for Oristano?
Answer: Aristanis
Explanation: The Sardinian name for Oristano is *Aristanis*.
What type of climate does Oristano experience?
Answer: Subtropical Mediterranean
Explanation: Oristano experiences a subtropical Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot summers and mild winters.
According to 1981-2010 data, which month in Oristano typically receives the most average precipitation?
Answer: November
Explanation: Based on 1981-2010 climate data, November typically receives the most average precipitation in Oristano.
Which two international cities are twinned with Oristano?
Answer: Ciutadella de Menorca, Spain and Garden City, Kansas, USA
Explanation: Oristano is twinned with Ciutadella de Menorca, Spain, and Garden City, Kansas, United States.
Who is the current mayor of Oristano?
Answer: Andrea Lutzu
Explanation: The current mayor of Oristano is Andrea Lutzu.
What is the elevation of Oristano above sea level?
Answer: 10 meters (30 feet)
Explanation: Oristano is situated at an elevation of 10 meters (30 feet) above sea level.
What are the demonyms used for people from Oristano?
Answer: Oristanesi and Aristanesus
Explanation: The demonyms used for people from Oristano are Oristanesi and Aristanesus.
Who is the patron saint of Oristano?
Answer: St. Archelaus
Explanation: The patron saint of Oristano is St. Archelaus.
Which of the following is a *frazione* (subdivision) of Oristano?
Answer: Massama
Explanation: Massama is listed as one of the *frazioni*, or subdivisions, of Oristano.
The Byzantines referred to Oristano as *Aristiánēs Límnē*, meaning 'Pond of Oristano'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historically, the Byzantines referred to Oristano as *Aristiánēs Límnē*, which translates to 'Pond of Oristano'.
Oristano was founded near the ancient Roman settlement of *Tharros*.
Answer: False
Explanation: Oristano was founded near the ancient Phoenician settlement of *Othoca*, not *Tharros*.
Oristano's importance increased in 1070 due to Archbishop Torcotorio relocating the bishopric from Tharros.
Answer: True
Explanation: Archbishop Torcotorio's relocation of the bishopric from Tharros to Oristano in 1070 significantly contributed to the city's growing importance.
During the medieval period, Oristano became the capital of the 'Judicate' of Cagliari.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the medieval period, Oristano became the capital of the 'Judicate' of Arborea, not Cagliari.
Oristano's medieval ambition was to conquer the entire island of Sicily.
Answer: False
Explanation: Oristano's primary ambition during medieval times was to achieve power over the entire island of Sardinia, not Sicily.
The Judicate of Arborea ceased to exist in 1420, following the Battle of Sanluri.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Judicate of Arborea, the last Sardinian kingdom, ceased to exist in 1420, approximately ten years after the Battle of Sanluri.
After the fall of the Judicate of Arborea, Oristano was transformed into a Duchy by the Aragonese.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the fall of the Judicate of Arborea, Oristano was transformed into a *Marchesato* (Marquisate) by the Aragonese, not a Duchy.
Oristano was conquered by the Kingdom of Aragon in 1478 after the Battle of Macomer.
Answer: True
Explanation: Oristano was conquered by the Catalan troops of the Kingdom of Aragon in 1478, following the Battle of Macomer and a revolt led by Leonardo Alagon.
After 1478, Oristano experienced only Aragonese-Spanish domination until the unification of Italy.
Answer: False
Explanation: After 1478, Oristano experienced Aragonese-Spanish domination until 1708, followed by Piedmontese rule from 1720, and then the unification of Italy.
The Sardinian Action Party was founded in Oristano in April 1921 by World War I veterans.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Sardinian Action Party was indeed founded in Oristano in April 1921 by Sardinian veterans of World War I, including David Cova, Emilio Lussu, and Camillo Bellieni.
By what name did the Byzantines historically refer to Oristano?
Answer: Aristiánēs Límnē
Explanation: The Byzantines historically referred to Oristano as *Aristiánēs Límnē*, meaning 'Pond of Oristano'.
Oristano was founded close to which ancient Phoenician settlement?
Answer: Othoca
Explanation: Oristano was founded near the ancient Phoenician settlement of *Othoca*, now known as Santa Giusta.
What event in 1070 significantly increased Oristano's importance?
Answer: Archbishop Torcotorio relocating the bishopric from Tharros
Explanation: In 1070, Archbishop Torcotorio relocated the bishopric from Tharros to Oristano, a move that significantly increased the city's importance.
Oristano became the capital of which medieval Sardinian kingdom?
Answer: Judicate of Arborea
Explanation: During the medieval period, Oristano became the capital of the 'Judicate' of Arborea.
What was Oristano's primary ambition during medieval times?
Answer: To achieve power over the entire island of Sardinia.
Explanation: In medieval times, Oristano's primary ambition was to gain power over the entire island of Sardinia, leading to various conflicts.
When did the Judicate of Arborea cease to exist?
Answer: 1420
Explanation: The Judicate of Arborea, the last Sardinian kingdom, ceased to exist in 1420.
How was Oristano transformed by the Aragonese after the fall of the Judicate of Arborea?
Answer: It was transformed into a *Marchesato* (Marquisate).
Explanation: After the fall of the Judicate of Arborea, Oristano was transformed into a *Marchesato* (Marquisate) by the Aragonese.
In what year was Oristano conquered by the Catalan troops of the Kingdom of Aragon?
Answer: 1478
Explanation: Oristano was conquered by the Catalan troops of the Kingdom of Aragon in 1478, following the Battle of Macomer.
Which political party was founded in Oristano in April 1921 by Sardinian World War I veterans?
Answer: The Sardinian Action Party
Explanation: The Sardinian Action Party was founded in Oristano in April 1921 by Sardinian veterans of World War I.
The fortifications of Oristano were initiated during the reign of Judge Mariano II.
Answer: True
Explanation: The construction of Oristano's fortifications began during the reign of Judge Mariano II.
The Tower of St. Christophoros, built in 1290, is 19 meters tall and was one of the main gates of the ancient city walls.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Tower of St. Christophoros, also known as the Tower of Mariano II, was built in 1290, stands 19 meters tall, and served as a main gate of the ancient city walls.
St. Mary's Cathedral was originally built in 1130 and has retained its original Romanesque style through all subsequent restorations.
Answer: False
Explanation: St. Mary's Cathedral was originally built in 1130 but was later rebuilt and now largely exhibits a Baroque architectural style due to a 19th-century restoration.
The Gothic Chapel of the Rimedio within St. Mary's Cathedral contains medieval sculptures.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Gothic Chapel of the Rimedio, part of St. Mary's Cathedral, contains medieval sculptures.
The wooden statue of the *Annunziata* in St. Mary's Cathedral is attributed to the sculptor Donatello.
Answer: False
Explanation: The wooden statue of the *Annunziata* in St. Mary's Cathedral is attributed to the sculptor Nino Pisano, not Donatello.
The Church of St. Francis of Assisi was built around 1200 and currently exhibits a neo-classical architectural style.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Church of St. Francis of Assisi was constructed around 1200 and displays a neo-classical architectural style.
The Christ of Nicodemus sculpture in the Church of St. Francis is believed to be a 16th-century work by Florentine masters.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Christ of Nicodemus sculpture in the Church of St. Francis is believed to be a 14th-century work by Valencian masters, not 16th-century Florentine masters.
The Franciscan church of Santa Chiara, consecrated in 1428, is characterized by a single nave and a square apse in the French-Gothic style.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Franciscan church of Santa Chiara, consecrated in 1428, is an example of French-Gothic style, featuring a single nave and a square apse.
The Church of Saint Sebastian is notable for being the only medieval church located inside the original city walls.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Church of Saint Sebastian is notable for being the only medieval *extramural* church, meaning it is located outside the original city walls.
The Church of Saint Dominic was built in 1634 with funding solely from local nobleman Baldassarre Dedoni.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Church of Saint Dominic was built in 1634 with financial support from Baldassarre Dedoni, but also with donations from citizens.
The Oratory of the Souls, located in Massama, displays influences from Visigothic art of the 8th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Oratory of the Souls in Massama is a pre-Romanesque church that exhibits influences from 8th-century Visigothic art.
A statue in Oristano depicts Eleanor of Arborea holding the *Carta de Logu*.
Answer: True
Explanation: A statue in Oristano portrays Eleanor of Arborea holding the *Carta de Logu*, a significant historical legal code.
The Port'a Ponti Door Tower is also known as the Tower of Mariano IV.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Port'a Ponti Door Tower is also known as the Tower of Mariano II, not Mariano IV.
Who initiated the construction of Oristano's fortifications?
Answer: Judge Mariano II
Explanation: The fortifications of Oristano were designed and their construction initiated during the reign of Judge Mariano II.
What is the height of the Tower of St. Christophoros, also known as the Tower of Mariano II?
Answer: 19 meters (62 feet)
Explanation: The Tower of St. Christophoros, also known as the Tower of Mariano II, stands 19 meters (62 feet) tall.
When was St. Mary's Cathedral originally built?
Answer: 1130
Explanation: St. Mary's Cathedral was originally constructed in 1130.
The wooden statue of the *Annunziata* inside St. Mary's Cathedral is attributed to which sculptor?
Answer: Nino Pisano
Explanation: The wooden statue of the *Annunziata* in St. Mary's Cathedral is attributed to the sculptor Nino Pisano.
When was the Church of St. Francis of Assisi built?
Answer: Around 1200
Explanation: The Church of St. Francis of Assisi was built around the year 1200.
The Christ of Nicodemus sculpture in the Church of St. Francis is believed to be the work of masters from which region?
Answer: Valencian
Explanation: The Christ of Nicodemus sculpture in the Church of St. Francis is believed to be the work of Valencian masters.
What architectural style characterizes the Franciscan church of Santa Chiara, consecrated in 1428?
Answer: French-Gothic
Explanation: The Franciscan church of Santa Chiara, consecrated in 1428, is characterized by the French-Gothic architectural style.
Which church in Oristano is considered one of the finest examples of Baroque-Rococo architecture?
Answer: Church and cloister of the Carmine
Explanation: The Church and cloister of the Carmine are considered one of the finest examples of Baroque-Rococo architecture in Oristano.
What is unique about the location of the Church of Saint Sebastian?
Answer: It is the only medieval extramural church.
Explanation: The Church of Saint Sebastian is unique for being the only medieval extramural church, located outside the original city walls.
Who initiated the construction of the Church of Saint Dominic in 1634?
Answer: Friar Pietro Flores
Explanation: The construction of the Church of Saint Dominic in 1634 was initiated by Friar Pietro Flores, with financial support from Baldassarre Dedoni.
What is the current function of the Church of Saint Dominic?
Answer: It is an Auditorium for congresses and concerts.
Explanation: After being deconsecrated, the Church of Saint Dominic now serves as an Auditorium for congresses and concerts.
The Oratory of the Souls in Massama exhibits influences from which artistic style?
Answer: Visigothic art of the 8th century
Explanation: The Oratory of the Souls in Massama displays influences from the Visigothic art of the 8th century.
What historical document is Eleanor of Arborea depicted holding in a statue in Oristano?
Answer: The Carta de Logu
Explanation: A statue in Oristano depicts Eleanor of Arborea holding the *Carta de Logu*, a historical legal code.
*Sa Sartiglia* is an equestrian tournament held in Oristano for over 500 years on Carnival Sunday and Mardi Gras.
Answer: True
Explanation: *Sa Sartiglia* is an equestrian tournament with a history spanning over 500 years, traditionally held in Oristano on Carnival Sunday and Mardi Gras.
The *Sa Sartiglia* tournament on Carnival Sunday is organized by the corporation of carpenters.
Answer: False
Explanation: The *Sa Sartiglia* tournament on Carnival Sunday is organized by the corporation (*gremio*) of farmers, while the carpenters organize the Mardi Gras event.
A 14th-century letter by St. Catherine of Siena mentioned the Judge of Arborea could provide horsemen for a crusade, indicating the importance of horse-breeding.
Answer: True
Explanation: A 14th-century letter from St. Catherine of Siena, referencing the Judge of Arborea's ability to provide horsemen for a crusade, highlights the historical importance of horse-breeding in the Oristano region.
The name 'Sartiglia' derives from 'Sortija', which means 'fate and fortune' but also 'ring', referring to the tournament's target.
Answer: True
Explanation: The name 'Sartiglia' originates from 'Sortija', which itself comes from the Latin 'Sorticola', meaning both 'fate and fortune' and 'ring', the latter referring to the tournament's target.
The central object of *Sa Sartiglia* is a wooden target with a bullseye.
Answer: False
Explanation: The central object of *Sa Sartiglia* is a tin star with a hole at its center, not a wooden target with a bullseye.
The number of stars caught in *Sa Sartiglia* symbolizes the wealth of the harvest and carpentry work for the corporations.
Answer: True
Explanation: The number of stars successfully caught during *Sa Sartiglia* is believed to symbolize the prosperity that the harvest and carpentry work will bring to the respective corporations.
*La Pariglia* is an equestrian event where masked horsemen perform acrobatics on galloping steeds, taking place before *Sa Sartiglia*.
Answer: False
Explanation: *La Pariglia* is an equestrian event where masked horsemen perform acrobatics on galloping steeds, but it takes place *after* *Sa Sartiglia*.
*Su Componidori* is the leader of *Sa Sartiglia* and *La Pariglia*, chosen by the Corporations, and their name is revealed at Candlemas.
Answer: True
Explanation: *Su Componidori*, meaning 'the one who marshals', is the chosen leader of both *Sa Sartiglia* and *La Pariglia*, with their name announced at Candlemas.
During the tournament, *Su Componidori* is considered an androgynous figure, likened to the land itself.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the *Sa Sartiglia* tournament, *Su Componidori* is symbolically regarded as an androgynous figure, representing the land itself.
At the end of *Sa Sartiglia*, *Su Componidori* blesses the town with 'Sa Pippia 'e maiu', a ritual believed to be newer than the tournament.
Answer: False
Explanation: At the conclusion of *Sa Sartiglia*, *Su Componidori* blesses the town with 'Sa Pippia 'e maiu', a ritual that is believed to pre-date the tournament itself.
On which days is the equestrian tournament *Sa Sartiglia* traditionally held?
Answer: Carnival Sunday and Mardi Gras
Explanation: *Sa Sartiglia* is traditionally held in Oristano on Carnival Sunday and Mardi Gras.
Which corporation organizes *Sa Sartiglia* on Mardi Gras?
Answer: The corporation of carpenters
Explanation: The *Sa Sartiglia* tournament on Mardi Gras is organized by the corporation (*gremio*) of carpenters.
What historical evidence from the 14th century suggests the importance of horses in Oristano?
Answer: A letter from St. Catherine of Siena mentioning horsemen for a crusade.
Explanation: A 14th-century letter from St. Catherine of Siena, which mentioned the Judge of Arborea's ability to provide horsemen for a crusade, serves as historical evidence for the importance of horses in Oristano.
From which Latin word does 'Sartiglia' ultimately derive, referring to the target of the tournament?
Answer: Sorticola
Explanation: The name 'Sartiglia' ultimately derives from the Latin word 'Sorticola', which refers to the tournament's target.
What is the central object that horsemen aim for during *Sa Sartiglia*?
Answer: A tin star with a hole at its center
Explanation: During *Sa Sartiglia*, horsemen aim their swords at a tin star with a hole at its center, which is suspended across the street.
What does the number of stars successfully caught in *Sa Sartiglia* symbolize?
Answer: The wealth that the harvest and carpentry work will bring.
Explanation: The number of stars successfully caught in *Sa Sartiglia* symbolizes the prosperity that the harvest and carpentry work will bring to the participating corporations.
What is *La Pariglia*?
Answer: An equestrian event featuring acrobatics on galloping steeds.
Explanation: *La Pariglia* is an equestrian event where masked horsemen and women perform acrobatics on galloping steeds within the old city walls.
Who is *Su Componidori* in the *Sa Sartiglia* tournament?
Answer: The leader of both *Sa Sartiglia* and *La Pariglia*.
Explanation: *Su Componidori* is the designated leader of both the *Sa Sartiglia* and *La Pariglia* equestrian events.
When is the name of *Su Componidori* revealed?
Answer: At Candlemas
Explanation: The name of *Su Componidori* is traditionally revealed at Candlemas by *Su Majorale*.
What unique characteristic is attributed to *Su Componidori* during the tournament?
Answer: They are considered neither a man nor a woman, but an androgynous figure.
Explanation: During the tournament, *Su Componidori* is uniquely regarded as an androgynous figure, symbolizing the land itself.
What is 'Sa Pippia 'e maiu' used for by *Su Componidori* at the end of the tournament?
Answer: To bless the bystanders and the town.
Explanation: At the conclusion of the tournament, *Su Componidori* uses 'Sa Pippia 'e maiu' to bless the bystanders and the town.
Oristano can be reached by train from Sardinia's major cities like Cagliari and Sassari.
Answer: True
Explanation: Oristano is accessible by train from major Sardinian cities including Cagliari, Sassari, Olbia, and Porto Torres.
Fenosu Airport, serving Oristano, is currently fully operational for commercial flights.
Answer: False
Explanation: Fenosu Airport, which serves Oristano, is currently no longer operating for commercial flights.
Which of the following cities is NOT listed as a train connection to Oristano?
Answer: Alghero
Explanation: Oristano has train connections to Olbia, Porto Torres, Cagliari, and Sassari, but Alghero is not listed.
What is the status of Fenosu Airport, which serves Oristano?
Answer: It is no longer operating.
Explanation: Fenosu Airport, which serves Oristano, is currently no longer operating.