Explanation: The definition of an overvote pertains to selecting more options than permitted, not fewer, for a given electoral contest.

Explanation: When an overvote occurs, the vote for that particular race is invalidated and consequently not counted towards the final election results.

Explanation: This scenario describes a valid vote or potentially an undervote if only one choice was made when two were permitted. An overvote occurs when more choices than permitted are selected.

Explanation: Robert's Rules of Order, 11th edition, stipulates that votes cast in excess of the number permitted for a contest, such as an overvote, are considered illegal and must not be counted.

Explanation: Residual votes is a collective term that includes both overvotes and undervotes, not solely overvotes.

Explanation: Residual votes are primarily significant as an academic indicator for assessing the accuracy and effectiveness of a voting system, rather than directly determining preferred candidates in close races.

Explanation: While overvotes are typically invalid in many systems, certain electoral methods, such as approval voting, permit the selection of multiple options, thus rendering the concept of an 'invalid overvote' inapplicable in those contexts.

Explanation: In systems like plurality voting (where the highest vote count wins) and limited voting (where voters have fewer votes than seats), selecting more candidates than permitted constitutes an overvote and is generally deemed illegal.

Explanation: Approval voting permits voters to select any number of candidates they approve of. Therefore, selecting multiple candidates is a valid action, and the concept of an invalid overvote does not apply.

Explanation: In corporate proxy voting, an overvote typically signifies casting votes for *more* shares or proxies than authorized, not fewer.

Explanation: The Election Assistance Commission (EAC) has published guidelines, such as the '2005 Voluntary Voting System Guidelines,' which address the definition and implications of overvotes.

Explanation: The '2005 Voluntary Voting System Guidelines' indicate that an overvote results in a spoiled vote for that contest, meaning it is not counted towards the final tally.

Explanation: This academic paper, associated with the CALTECH/MIT Voting Technology Project, examines issues related to ballot counting, including residual votes.

Explanation: An undervote occurs when a voter selects fewer options than permitted, or no options at all, in a contest. Selecting more options than permitted is an overvote.

Explanation: Limited voting systems typically consider overvotes illegal, as they restrict the number of votes a voter can cast, and exceeding this limit invalidates the vote for that contest.

Explanation: An overvote occurs when a voter selects more candidates or options than the rules allow for a specific contest on their ballot.

Explanation: In most electoral systems, an overvote invalidates the vote for the specific contest in which it occurred, meaning it is not included in the final count for that race.

Explanation: Selecting multiple candidates in a single-choice race, such as marking two candidates when only one is permitted, constitutes an overvote.

Explanation: An undervote occurs when a voter casts a ballot but does not select any candidate or option in a particular contest.

Explanation: In corporate proxy voting, an overvote signifies casting votes that exceed the shareholder's authorized limit, such as voting for more shares than they own.

Explanation: A ballot box serves as a secure receptacle for cast ballots, ensuring their integrity and confidentiality until the official counting process commences.

Explanation: The first-past-the-post system and the two-round system are common examples of plurality and majoritarian electoral methods, respectively.

Explanation: Systems such as single non-transferable vote, cumulative voting, party-list proportional representation, and single transferable voting are designed to achieve proportional representation.

Explanation: Mixed-member systems, which combine proportional and majoritarian elements, include mixed-member proportional representation, additional member systems, and parallel voting.

Explanation: A ballot box is designed to securely hold cast ballots, preserving their integrity and confidentiality until they are tallied.

Explanation: Voters may encounter various ballot types, including absentee ballots, provisional ballots, and sample ballots, each serving distinct functions in the electoral process.

Explanation: A polling place is the designated physical location where eligible voters can cast their ballots in person on election day.

Explanation: An absentee ballot allows registered voters to cast their vote prior to election day, typically by mail or in person, for those unable to vote at their assigned polling place on election day.

Explanation: An absentee ballot is typically cast remotely (e.g., by mail), not in person at the polling place on election day. It is for voters who cannot or prefer not to vote on election day.

Explanation: The study of overvotes and election processes falls under the broad discipline of Political Science, specifically concerning electoral systems and voting procedures.

Explanation: A ballot box serves as a secure receptacle for cast ballots, ensuring their integrity and confidentiality until the official counting process commences.

Explanation: Intentionally spoiling a ballot is a recognized form of protest vote, used to express dissatisfaction with the available options or the electoral process itself.

Explanation: The coattail effect refers to the phenomenon where a successful candidate for a major office can help carry their party's candidates for lesser offices to victory.

Explanation: The paradox of voting addresses the apparent irrationality of voting when the direct, individual benefit is often minimal compared to the costs of participation, yet turnout remains substantial.

Explanation: Vote splitting occurs when candidates with similar platforms divide the electorate's support, potentially enabling a candidate with broader, but not majority, appeal to win.

Explanation: Political apathy is characterized by a general disinterest or lack of engagement with political issues, processes, and candidates.

Explanation: Lesser-evil voting is a strategic choice where a voter selects the candidate deemed least undesirable from a set of options, often to prevent a more disliked candidate from winning.

Explanation: Vote splitting can lead to a situation where a candidate wins with less than majority support, potentially meaning they are preferred by only a minority of the overall electorate or a specific faction.

Explanation: The coattail effect describes how a popular candidate for higher office can positively influence the electoral success of their party's candidates for lower offices.

Explanation: The paradox of voting highlights the theoretical challenge of explaining why rational individuals participate in elections when the direct, personal benefit of a single vote is often outweighed by the costs of participation.

Explanation: Vote splitting describes a scenario where multiple candidates with similar platforms divide the electorate's support, potentially allowing a candidate with less overall support to win.

Explanation: Political apathy is defined by a lack of interest or concern regarding politics, rather than intense engagement.

Explanation: Political apathy is characterized by a lack of interest or concern regarding politics and political processes, potentially leading to reduced civic engagement.

Explanation: Voter fatigue describes a weariness or disinterest among voters, often stemming from frequent elections or complex issues, which can result in lower turnout.

Explanation: Election ink, often indelible, is applied to voters' hands or fingers after they cast their ballot, serving as a deterrent against multiple voting.

Explanation: Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) are tools designed to assist voters by matching their policy positions with those of candidates or parties, thereby facilitating informed decision-making.

Explanation: Voter caging is identified as a controversial tactic used for voter suppression, which constitutes an electoral irregularity.

Explanation: The primary purpose of a secret ballot is to guarantee voter anonymity, thereby protecting individuals from coercion and ensuring the integrity of free and fair elections.

Explanation: Voter turnout quantifies the proportion of eligible citizens who participate in an election by casting a vote.

Explanation: Robust voter registration systems are a key administrative measure designed to ensure only eligible citizens participate in elections, thereby preventing certain types of fraud.

Explanation: Ballot stuffing is a form of electoral fraud involving the secret addition of fraudulent ballots to manipulate vote counts, and is therefore an illegal practice.

Explanation: Voter intimidation, which involves threats or harassment to deter voting, is an illegal tactic aimed at suppressing participation, not encouraging it.

Explanation: Voter turnout is a metric representing the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election, serving as an indicator of civic engagement.

Explanation: Ballot stuffing is an illegal electoral practice involving the surreptitious insertion of fraudulent ballots to inflate vote counts for a particular candidate or party.

Explanation: Voter intimidation involves the use of threats, coercion, or harassment to discourage eligible citizens from exercising their right to vote, and is an illegal act.

Explanation: Vote buying is the illicit practice of offering money or goods in exchange for a vote, thereby corrupting the electoral process by commodifying suffrage.

Explanation: Voter suppression encompasses deliberate actions aimed at preventing eligible citizens from registering or casting their ballots, employing various tactics to disenfranchise voters.

Explanation: Voter caging is a controversial suppression tactic involving the identification and challenge of voters based on questionable address data, potentially disenfranchising legitimate voters.

Explanation: Election ink is primarily used to mark voters, typically on their hands or fingers, after they have cast their ballot, serving as a measure to prevent individuals from voting more than once.

Explanation: The Election Assistance Commission (EAC) is cited for providing guidelines and recommendations related to voting systems and the handling of overvotes.

Explanation: The specific document mentioned from the Election Assistance Commission concerning overvotes is the '2005 Voluntary Voting System Guidelines'.

Explanation: This influential paper on ballot counting methodologies was a product of the CALTECH/MIT Voting Technology Project.

Explanation: Provisional ballots are used for voters whose eligibility cannot be immediately confirmed at the polling place, allowing them to vote while their eligibility is subsequently verified.

Explanation: The SEC has indeed published materials addressing the mechanics of corporate proxy voting, which is relevant to understanding corporate overvotes.

Explanation: This paper, associated with the CALTECH/MIT Voting Technology Project, examines issues related to ballot counting, including residual votes.

Explanation: The SEC has published materials addressing the mechanics of corporate proxy voting, which is relevant to understanding corporate overvotes.

Explanation: Provisional ballots are issued to voters whose eligibility status is in question on election day, allowing them to cast a vote that is later counted only after their eligibility is confirmed.