Explanation: Para Brahman represents the Supreme Brahman in Hindu philosophy, conceptualized as the ultimate reality that exists beyond all descriptions and conceptualizations, while pervading everything.

Explanation: The Sanskrit word 'Para' in 'Para Brahman' signifies 'higher' or 'supreme,' indicating the ultimate and transcendent nature of Brahman.

Explanation: Brahman is posited in major Hindu philosophical traditions as the comprehensive cause of existence, encompassing material, efficient, formal, and final aspects.

Explanation: The Upanishads frequently characterize the Supreme Brahman using the term Sat-chit-ananda, which denotes its nature as existence, consciousness, and bliss.

Explanation: The sacred sound and symbol Om is widely understood to represent the essence of Brahman and the fundamental vibration of the cosmos.

Explanation: Saccidananda describes Brahman as Sat (existence), Chit (consciousness), and Ananda (bliss), not ignorance, suffering, or impermanence.

Explanation: Charvaka and Buddhism are considered heterodox (Nastika) schools, as they do not accept the authority of the Vedas. The six orthodox (Astika) schools are Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta.

Explanation: Brahman is a central concept introduced in the Vedas and elaborated upon in the Upanishads, forming the bedrock of understanding ultimate reality in Hinduism.

Explanation: The Sanskrit word 'Para' in 'Para Brahman' means 'higher' or 'supreme,' not 'eternal'.

Explanation: In major Hindu philosophical schools, Brahman is conceptualized as the comprehensive cause of the universe, encompassing its substance, origin, form, and ultimate purpose.

Explanation: Para Brahman signifies the Supreme Brahman, conceptualized as the ultimate reality that transcends all descriptions and conceptualizations, pervading all existence.

Explanation: The term 'Para Brahman' is derived from Sanskrit, where 'Para' signifies 'higher' or 'supreme,' denoting the ultimate and transcendent aspect of Brahman.

Explanation: The Om symbol is considered a representation of Brahman's essence and the primordial sound or vibration from which creation originates.

Explanation: Sat-chit-ananda is a Sanskrit term that characterizes Brahman as Sat (existence), Chit (consciousness), and Ananda (bliss), denoting its eternal, conscious, and blissful nature.

Explanation: Charvaka is a heterodox (Nastika) school. The six orthodox (Astika) schools are Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta.

Explanation: The Upanishads are primary texts that extensively describe the Supreme Brahman as Sat-chit-ananda (existence, consciousness, bliss).

Explanation: Brahman is described as the comprehensive cause of existence, encompassing its substance (material), agent (efficient), pattern (formal), and ultimate purpose (final).

Explanation: 'Dvija,' meaning 'twice-born,' refers to individuals in Hindu society who undergo a ritualistic rebirth, typically marked by the sacred thread ceremony, signifying spiritual initiation.

Explanation: 'Saccidananda' is a Sanskrit term describing Brahman's essential nature as Sat (existence), Chit (consciousness), and Ananda (bliss).

Explanation: Advaita Vedanta primarily understands Para Brahman as nirguna Brahman (the Absolute without attributes), not exclusively as Saguna Brahman.

Explanation: Advaita Vedanta asserts that Brahman is identical to Atman and is nirguna (without attributes), form, or limitation. The statement incorrectly includes attributes like form and limitation.

Explanation: Para Brahman, as the ultimate reality, is considered to be beyond Maya, the cosmic illusion. Maya is that which Para Brahman transcends.

Explanation: Advaita Vedanta's core tenet is the non-dual identity of Atman and Para Brahman, asserting they are fundamentally one and the same.

Explanation: Nirguna Brahman refers to the Absolute reality that is devoid of attributes and qualities. Saguna Brahman is the term used for the Absolute with attributes.

Explanation: Advaita, or non-duality, posits the fundamental identity between the individual self (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman), asserting they are not separate.

Explanation: Jnana yoga, the path of knowledge, is primarily associated with the realization of Nirguna Brahman. Bhakti yoga is the path of devotion, typically associated with Saguna Brahman.

Explanation: The declaration 'Atman is Brahman' in Advaita Vedanta signifies the ultimate identity and non-separation between the individual soul and the universal consciousness.

Explanation: Maya represents cosmic illusion, the power that conceals the true nature of reality. Para Brahman, conversely, is the ultimate, unconditioned reality that exists independently of Maya.

Explanation: Advaita Vedanta equates Para Brahman with nirguna Brahman, the Absolute devoid of attributes, representing the ultimate, non-dual reality.

Explanation: Para Brahman represents the ultimate reality, which is considered to be beyond Maya, the cosmic illusion that obscures true nature.

Explanation: The fundamental assertion of Advaita Vedanta is the identity between Atman (the individual self) and Para Brahman (the ultimate reality).

Explanation: Nirguna Brahman is the Absolute devoid of attributes, while Saguna Brahman is the Absolute characterized by attributes, often conceived as a personal deity.

Explanation: Advaita, or nonduality, fundamentally asserts that the ultimate reality is singular and indivisible, existing 'one without a second'.

Explanation: Jnana yoga, the path of knowledge and wisdom, is considered the primary means for realizing Nirguna Brahman, the attributeless Absolute.

Explanation: The Mahabharata posits Vishnu as Para Brahman, encompassing both Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (matter), signifying his all-encompassing nature.

Explanation: While Advaita Vedanta emphasizes nirguna Brahman, Saguna Brahman serves as a focal point for devotional practices (Bhakti yoga) within the tradition, facilitating approachability to the Absolute.

Explanation: Bhakti yoga, the path of devotion, is intrinsically linked to the realization of Saguna Brahman, the aspect of the Absolute with attributes, often through worship of a personal deity.

Explanation: Within Vaishnavism, Vishnu is identified as Para Brahman, particularly in his form as Mahavishnu.

Explanation: The Mahabharata identifies Vishnu as Para Brahman and states his identification with both Purusha (cosmic spirit) and Prakriti (material substance), signifying his all-encompassing nature.

Explanation: Bhakti yoga, the path of devotion, is primarily associated with the realization of Saguna Brahman, the personal aspect of the Absolute, through dedicated worship and love.

Explanation: The Narayana Sukta, found in the Yajurveda, is significant in Vaishnavism for identifying Vishnu as the Paramatman, or Supreme Soul, pervading all existence.

Explanation: The Bhagavata Purana describes Narayana as the supreme deity and Para Brahman, reinforcing his status as the ultimate reality within Vaishnavism.

Explanation: Paramatman denotes the Supreme Self or Oversoul, the divine consciousness that pervades all beings and the universe, closely related to the concept of Brahman.

Explanation: Identifying Vishnu as Para Brahman and with both Purusha (spirit) and Prakriti (matter) signifies his comprehensive nature as the ultimate reality encompassing all aspects of existence.

Explanation: In Vaishnavism, Vishnu is identified as Para Brahman. Shiva is identified as Para Brahman within Shaivism.

Explanation: Philosopher Vallabha, proponent of the Shuddhadvaita tradition, regards Krishna as the embodiment of Para Brahman.

Explanation: In Shaivism, Shiva, particularly in his form as Parashiva, is considered Para Brahman, not Vishnu.

Explanation: The Shiva Purana states that Shiva uniquely embodies both nirguna (attributeless) and saguna (attributed) aspects, establishing him as Ishvara, the supreme lord in Shaivism.

Explanation: Shaktism identifies Adi Parashakti as Para Brahman, conceptualizing her as the ultimate reality in its dynamic, energetic manifestation.

Explanation: The epithet Brahmamayi, when applied to Mahakali, signifies 'She Whose Essence is Brahman,' indicating her identity with the ultimate reality.

Explanation: In Shaivism, Ishvara refers to the supreme lord, identified with Shiva, who is considered the ultimate reality, not a subordinate deity.

Explanation: Shaktism literature describes Manidvipa as the celestial and eternal dwelling place of Adi Parashakti, who is considered Para Brahman.

Explanation: Philosopher Vallabha, within the Shuddhadvaita tradition, regards Krishna as Para Brahman.

Explanation: In Shaivism, Shiva, especially in his form as Parashiva, is identified as Para Brahman, representing the ultimate reality.

Explanation: The epithet Brahmamayi, associated with Mahakali in Shaktism, signifies 'She Whose Essence is Brahman,' indicating her identity with the ultimate reality.

Explanation: Shaivism identifies Shiva as Para Brahman and Ishvara, uniquely embodying both nirguna and saguna aspects of the divine.

Explanation: Manidvipa is described in Shaktism as the eternal abode of Adi Parashakti, who is understood as Para Brahman, the ultimate reality.

Explanation: The epithet 'Paraparam,' found in texts like the Nila Tantra, signifies 'beyond the supreme' or 'transcendent,' emphasizing Mahakali's ultimate nature.

Explanation: When Mahakali is referred to as 'Bija,' it signifies her role as the primordial seed or source from which all creation originates.

Explanation: The Shiva Purana identifies Shiva as Ishvara because he uniquely encompasses both the attributeless (nirguna) and attributed (saguna) aspects of the divine, making him the supreme lord.

Explanation: Shaktism identifies Adi Parashakti as Para Brahman, conceptualizing her as the ultimate reality in its dynamic, energetic manifestation.