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Photosystem I is also known as plastocyanin–ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a name that highlights its role in electron transfer.
Answer: True
Explanation: The alternative name for Photosystem I is plastocyanin–ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which accurately describes its function in catalyzing electron transfer.
Photosystem I is primarily responsible for initiating the photosynthetic electron transport chain.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Photosystem I is crucial, Photosystem II is actually responsible for initiating the photosynthetic electron transport chain, despite PSI being discovered first.
Louis Duysens was the first to propose the distinct concepts of Photosystems I and II in 1960.
Answer: True
Explanation: Louis Duysens is credited with first proposing the distinct concepts of Photosystems I and II in 1960.
The Hill-Bendall scheme, describing serial photosynthetic reactions, was assembled by Fay Bendall and Robert Hill in 1960.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fay Bendall and Robert Hill assembled the coherent theory of serial photosynthetic reactions, known as the Hill-Bendall scheme, in 1960.
Photosystem I's primary function is to transfer electrons from ferredoxin to plastocyanin.
Answer: False
Explanation: Photosystem I's primary function is to catalyze the transfer of electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin, not the other way around.
What is an alternative name for Photosystem I (PSI)?
Answer: Plastocyanin–ferredoxin oxidoreductase
Where is Photosystem I primarily located within plant cells?
Answer: Thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
Why was this photosystem named Photosystem I?
Answer: It was discovered before Photosystem II.
Who first proposed the distinct concepts of Photosystems I and II?
Answer: Louis Duysens
When was the Hill and Bendall hypothesis confirmed by the Duysens and Witt research groups?
Answer: 1961
Photosystem I contains fewer cofactors than Photosystem II, making it a simpler complex.
Answer: False
Explanation: Photosystem I is a more complex structure, composed of more than 110 cofactors, which is a significantly greater number than those found in Photosystem II.
The PsaA and PsaB subunits of Photosystem I are peripheral membrane proteins, not integral to the membrane.
Answer: False
Explanation: PsaA and PsaB are integral membrane proteins, each containing 11 transmembrane segments, making them crucial for the structural integrity of Photosystem I.
The Fx iron-sulfur cluster is coordinated by six cysteine amino acid residues, three from PsaA and three from PsaB.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Fx iron-sulfur cluster is coordinated by four cysteine amino acid residues, with two provided by each of the PsaA and PsaB subunits.
A leucine zipper motif in PsaA and PsaB is thought to facilitate the binding of Light-Harvesting Complex II to Photosystem I.
Answer: False
Explanation: The leucine zipper motif in PsaA and PsaB is believed to contribute to the dimerization of these subunits, while PsaI is the subunit that stabilizes the binding of Light-Harvesting Complex II.
The terminal electron acceptors F_A and F_B are located within the PsaD protein subunit of Photosystem I.
Answer: False
Explanation: The terminal electron acceptors F_A and F_B are located within the PsaC protein subunit, which binds to the PsaA/PsaB core.
PsaD is a protein subunit essential for the proper assembly of Photosystem I and for binding ferredoxin.
Answer: True
Explanation: PsaD is indeed a protein subunit required for the proper assembly of Photosystem I and plays a role in assisting ferredoxin binding.
F_a and F_b are iron-sulfur centers originating from the PsaAB subunits, while F_x originates from the PsaC protein subunit.
Answer: False
Explanation: F_a and F_b originate from the PsaC protein subunit, whereas F_x originates from the PsaAB subunits.
The primary pigment molecules in Photosystem I are chlorophyll *b* and phycobilins.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary pigment molecules found in Photosystem I are chlorophyll *a* and β-Carotene.
Photosystem I contains 90 chlorophyll *a* pigment molecules in its antenna system and 5 in the electron transport chain.
Answer: True
Explanation: Photosystem I indeed contains 90 chlorophyll *a* molecules in its antenna system and 5 chlorophyll *a* molecules, along with chlorophyll *a0* and chlorophyll *a'*, in the electron transport chain.
Calcium ions (Ca2+) and Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are listed as important cofactors in Photosystem I.
Answer: True
Explanation: Calcium ions (Ca2+) and Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are explicitly listed as cofactors in Photosystem I.
Photosystem I contains only two proteinaceous iron-sulfur reaction centers, Fx and F_a.
Answer: False
Explanation: Photosystem I contains three proteinaceous iron-sulfur reaction centers: Fx, F_a, and F_b.
The Ycf4 protein domain is located in the stroma and is crucial for the initial light-harvesting steps of Photosystem I.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Ycf4 protein domain is located on the thylakoid membrane and is vital for assisting in the assembly of Photosystem I components, not for initial light-harvesting.
The PsaC protein subunit serves as the apoprotein for F_a and F_b, which are iron-sulfur centers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The PsaC protein subunit indeed serves as the apoprotein for the F_a and F_b iron-sulfur centers.
Monogalactosyldiglyceride lipid (MGDG II) is one of the lipid components found in Photosystem I.
Answer: True
Explanation: Monogalactosyldiglyceride lipid (MGDG II) is listed as one of the lipid components found in Photosystem I.
Which two main subunits of Photosystem I are responsible for binding key electron transfer cofactors like P700 and Fx?
Answer: PsaA and PsaB
Which protein subunit serves as the apoprotein for the terminal electron acceptors F_a and F_b?
Answer: PsaC
What is the role of PsaD in Photosystem I?
Answer: It is required for assembly and assists in binding ferredoxin.
What are the primary pigment molecules found in Photosystem I?
Answer: Chlorophyll *a* and β-Carotene
How many proteinaceous iron-sulfur reaction centers are found in Photosystem I?
Answer: Three
The Ycf4 protein domain is vital for Photosystem I because it:
Answer: Assists in assembling the complex's components.
Which of the following lipid components is found in Photosystem I?
Answer: Monogalactosyldiglyceride lipid (MGDG II)
Which ions are listed as cofactors in Photosystem I?
Answer: Calcium and Magnesium ions
What is the primary function of the PsaI protein subunit in Photosystem I?
Answer: To stabilize PsaL and the binding of Light-Harvesting Complex II.
Which of the following is NOT a lipid component found in Photosystem I?
Answer: Cholesterol
The antenna complex of Photosystem I is composed solely of chlorophyll molecules.
Answer: False
Explanation: The antenna complex of Photosystem I is composed of both chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules.
Antenna molecules in Photosystem I are capable of absorbing only specific wavelengths of light within the visible spectrum.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antenna molecules are capable of absorbing all wavelengths of light that fall within the visible spectrum, allowing for broad light capture.
The number of chlorophyll molecules associated with a P700 reaction center is fixed at 120 across all species.
Answer: False
Explanation: The number of chlorophyll molecules associated with a P700 reaction center can vary significantly, ranging from as many as 120 to as few as 25, depending on the organism.
The P700 reaction center is composed of modified chlorophyll *a* molecules that absorb light optimally at 700 nanometers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The P700 reaction center is indeed composed of modified chlorophyll *a* molecules that are optimally designed to absorb light at 700 nanometers.
The P700 reaction center is referred to as a monomer, consisting of a single chlorophyll molecule.
Answer: False
Explanation: The P700 reaction center is referred to as a dimer, typically composed of two chlorophyll molecules (one chlorophyll *a* and one chlorophyll *a'*).
The P700* - P700+ pair in Photosystem I has an electric potential of approximately +1.2 volts.
Answer: False
Explanation: The P700* - P700+ pair has an electric potential of approximately -1.2 volts after an electron is elevated to a higher energy level.
Photoexcitation of pigment molecules in the reaction center directly initiates electron and energy transfer in Photosystem I.
Answer: False
Explanation: Photoexcitation of pigment molecules located in the *antenna complex* of Photosystem I initiates the transfer of electrons and energy, which is then funneled to the reaction center.
What initiates electron and energy transfer in Photosystem I?
Answer: Photoexcitation of pigment molecules in the antenna complex
What is the P700 reaction center primarily composed of?
Answer: Modified chlorophyll *a* molecules
At what wavelength does the P700 reaction center optimally absorb light?
Answer: 700 nanometers
What is the electric potential of the P700* - P700+ pair after an electron is elevated to a higher energy level?
Answer: -1.2 volts
What is the proposed composition of the P700 reaction center dimer?
Answer: One chlorophyll *a* and one chlorophyll *a'* molecule
What is the primary function of the antenna complex in Photosystem I?
Answer: To capture light energy and transmit it to the reaction center.
What is the approximate number of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the antenna complex of *Synechococcus elongatus*?
Answer: 100 chlorophylls and 20 carotenoids
The ultimate products of electron transfer catalyzed by Photosystem I are solely ATP, without any contribution to NADPH production.
Answer: False
Explanation: The electron transfer catalyzed by Photosystem I ultimately leads to the production of NADPH, and the generated proton-motive force also contributes to ATP synthesis.
Plastocyanin is an integral membrane protein that transfers electrons within Photosystem I.
Answer: False
Explanation: Plastocyanin is described as a soluble protein, meaning it is not embedded in the membrane but moves freely to transfer electrons.
QK-A and QK-B are late electron acceptors in Photosystem I, functioning after the iron-sulfur clusters.
Answer: False
Explanation: QK-A and QK-B are identified as early electron acceptors in Photosystem I, specifically vitamin K1 phylloquinone, functioning before the iron-sulfur clusters.
Modified chlorophyll A0 and A1 act as early electron donors in Photosystem I.
Answer: False
Explanation: Modified chlorophyll A0 and A1 act as early electron *acceptors* in Photosystem I, not donors.
In the electron transfer pathway, A0 accepts electrons from P700* and passes them directly to Fx.
Answer: False
Explanation: A0 accepts electrons from P700* and then passes them to A1, which then transfers the electron to a quinone, not directly to Fx.
Phylloquinone, also known as vitamin K1, serves as an early electron acceptor in Photosystem I, following A1.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phylloquinone, also known as vitamin K1, is indeed the next early electron acceptor in Photosystem I, following A1 in the electron transfer sequence.
The reduction of Fx is considered the rate-limiting step in the electron transport chain involving phylloquinone.
Answer: True
Explanation: The reduction of Fx, which occurs after phylloquinone transfers its electron, is considered the rate-limiting step in this part of the electron transport chain.
Ferredoxin's primary function is to directly reduce NADP+ to NADPH without the involvement of another enzyme.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ferredoxin's primary function is to carry an electron from the iron-sulfur complex to the enzyme ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase, which then reduces NADP+ to NADPH.
Ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase (FNR) can accept electrons from NADPH, indicating a potential for reversible electron transfer.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase (FNR) can indeed accept an electron from NADPH, suggesting a potential for reversible electron transfer in the cell.
Plastocyanin transfers electrons from the cytochrome b6f complex directly to the A0 electron acceptor of Photosystem I.
Answer: False
Explanation: Plastocyanin transfers electrons from the cytochrome b6f complex to the P700 cofactor of Photosystem I, specifically to P700+.
Different species consistently show the same preference for electron transfer branches involving A0 and A1.
Answer: False
Explanation: Different species exhibit varying preferences for either the A or B electron transfer branch involving A0 and A1, indicating diversity in their electron transport mechanisms.
Which of the following are the ultimate products of the electron transfer catalyzed by Photosystem I?
Answer: NADPH and ATP
Which of the following is described as a soluble protein in the context of Photosystem I components?
Answer: Plastocyanin
What are QK-A and QK-B identified as in Photosystem I?
Answer: Vitamin K1 phylloquinone, acting as early electron acceptors
Which enzyme is responsible for transferring electrons from reduced ferredoxin to NADP+ to produce NADPH?
Answer: Ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR)
Which step is considered rate-limiting in the electron transport chain involving phylloquinone?
Answer: The reduction of Fx
What is the primary function of ferredoxin (Fd) in the electron transport chain of Photosystem I?
Answer: To reduce NADP+ to NADPH
What is the function of plastocyanin in Photosystem I?
Answer: It transfers electrons from the cytochrome b6f complex to P700+.
In the electron transfer pathway involving A0 and A1, where does A1 pass its electron next?
Answer: To the quinone on the same side
In the proposed model for electron transfer among the iron-sulfur complexes, what is the correct sequence?
Answer: Fx -> F_a -> F_b -> ferredoxin
What is the role of modified chlorophyll A0 and A1 in Photosystem I?
Answer: They act as early electron acceptors.
How does ferredoxin interact with thylakoid membranes?
Answer: Thylakoid membranes possess specific binding sites for ferredoxin's functions.
Photosystem I is believed to have evolved from the photosystems found in purple non-sulfur bacteria.
Answer: False
Explanation: Molecular data suggest that Photosystem I likely evolved from the photosystems found in green sulfur bacteria.
One similarity between PSI and green sulfur bacteria photosystems is that their redox centers are constructed upon a protein subunit dimer.
Answer: True
Explanation: A shared feature between PSI and green sulfur bacteria photosystems is that their redox centers are indeed constructed upon a protein subunit dimer.
The presence of all the same cofactors of the electron transport chain in PSI and green sulfur bacteria photosystems strongly suggests a common ancestral origin.
Answer: True
Explanation: The extensive similarities, including the presence of identical cofactors in the electron transport chain, strongly indicate a common ancestral origin for Photosystem I and the photosystem of green sulfur bacteria.
Which of the following is a shared feature between Photosystem I and the photosystems of green sulfur bacteria?
Answer: Their electron-accepting reaction centers include iron–sulfur proteins.
What do the similarities between Photosystem I and the photosystem of green sulfur bacteria strongly suggest?
Answer: They evolved from a common ancestral photosystem.