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Phyllis Schlafly, a prominent conservative figure, was born Phyllis McAlpin Stewart and lived from 1924 to 2016.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly's full birth name was indeed Phyllis McAlpin Stewart, and her lifespan extended from 1924 to 2016.
Phyllis Schlafly was born in Los Angeles, California.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly was born in St. Louis, Missouri, not Los Angeles, California.
Phyllis Schlafly earned her undergraduate degree from Harvard University and her law degree from Yale University.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly earned her undergraduate degree from Washington University in St. Louis and her Master of Arts degree from Harvard University. She later obtained a Juris Doctor degree from Washington University School of Law.
What was Phyllis Schlafly's full birth name?
Answer: Phyllis McAlpin Stewart
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly's full birth name was Phyllis McAlpin Stewart.
In which city and state was Phyllis Schlafly born?
Answer: St. Louis, Missouri
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
Where did Phyllis Schlafly earn her Master of Arts degree in government?
Answer: Harvard University
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly earned her Master of Arts degree in government from Harvard University.
Phyllis Schlafly was a liberal activist known for her support of feminism and gay rights.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly was a prominent conservative activist, widely recognized for her opposition to feminism, gay rights, and the Equal Rights Amendment, rather than support for them.
Phyllis Schlafly's 1964 self-published book, "A Choice Not an Echo," supported liberal Republicans and sold fewer than 50,000 copies.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly's 1964 book, "A Choice Not an Echo," supported conservative Republican Barry Goldwater and was highly successful, distributing over three million copies, significantly influencing the conservative movement.
Phyllis Schlafly began her political career by assisting in the 1946 U.S. House campaign of Republican Claude I. Bakewell.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly's early political involvement included assisting in the 1946 U.S. House campaign of Republican Claude I. Bakewell, alongside her work as a researcher for the American Enterprise Institute.
Phyllis Schlafly criticized 'activist judges,' suggesting Congress should consider impeaching justices like Anthony Kennedy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly was a vocal critic of judicial activism, particularly among U.S. Supreme Court justices, and suggested impeachment as a potential recourse for decisions she opposed.
Which of the following best describes Phyllis Schlafly's core political and social viewpoints?
Answer: A paleoconservative activist opposing feminism and gay rights.
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly was a prominent paleoconservative activist known for her opposition to feminism, gay rights, and abortion, and her advocacy for traditional social values.
What was the title of Phyllis Schlafly's influential self-published book from 1964?
Answer: A Choice Not an Echo
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly's influential self-published book from 1964 was titled "A Choice Not an Echo."
What was Phyllis Schlafly's initial role in political campaigns?
Answer: Researcher for the American Enterprise Institute and campaign assistant
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly began her political involvement as a researcher for the American Enterprise Institute and assisted in the 1946 U.S. House campaign of Claude I. Bakewell.
Phyllis Schlafly was a critic of what she termed 'activist judges,' particularly those on which court?
Answer: The Supreme Court of the United States
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly frequently criticized 'activist judges,' with a particular focus on justices serving on the U.S. Supreme Court.
What specific criticism did Phyllis Schlafly level against Nelson Rockefeller and his supporters?
Answer: They were corrupt and globalist.
Explanation: In her book "A Choice Not an Echo," Phyllis Schlafly criticized Nelson Rockefeller and associated Republicans, accusing them of corruption and espousing globalist ideologies.
The Eagle Forum, a conservative political interest group, was founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly established the Eagle Forum in 1972, which became a significant conservative organization and a key platform for her activism, particularly her campaign against the Equal Rights Amendment.
Phyllis Schlafly was a leading proponent of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), actively campaigning for its ratification.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly was a prominent opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), leading the influential "STOP ERA" campaign against its ratification.
Phyllis Schlafly's "STOP ERA" campaign argued that the amendment would eliminate gender-specific privileges for women.
Answer: True
Explanation: A central argument of Phyllis Schlafly's "STOP ERA" campaign was that the Equal Rights Amendment would strip women of various gender-specific privileges, such as alimony and exemption from the military draft.
Historians credit Phyllis Schlafly's opposition efforts as a minor factor in the ERA's failure to be ratified.
Answer: False
Explanation: Historians widely acknowledge Phyllis Schlafly's opposition efforts as a major, if not the primary, factor contributing to the Equal Rights Amendment's failure to achieve ratification.
Schlafly argued the ERA would grant women additional legal protections and privileges.
Answer: False
Explanation: Schlafly argued that the ERA would eliminate existing legal protections and privileges for women, such as alimony and exemption from military service, rather than grant new ones.
What significant conservative organization did Phyllis Schlafly establish in 1972?
Answer: The Eagle Forum
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly founded the Eagle Forum in 1972, which became a central organization for her conservative activism, particularly in opposing the Equal Rights Amendment.
What was the primary argument Phyllis Schlafly used against the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?
Answer: It would eliminate gender-specific privileges and protections for women.
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly's central argument against the ERA was that it would abolish privileges and protections historically afforded to women, such as alimony and exemption from military draft.
Which of the following was NOT cited as a privilege Schlafly believed women would lose due to the ERA?
Answer: The right to vote
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly argued that the ERA would eliminate privileges such as exemption from the military draft, preferential treatment in child custody cases, and alimony rights. The right to vote was not among the privileges she claimed women would lose.
Phyllis Schlafly's opposition to the ERA was partly linked to her belief that it would lead to:
Answer: The acceptance of same-sex marriage.
Explanation: Schlafly argued that the ERA's passage would pave the way for the legal recognition of same-sex marriage, which was one of her stated concerns regarding the amendment.
What was the purpose of the "STOP ERA" campaign led by Phyllis Schlafly?
Answer: To organize opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment.
Explanation: The "STOP ERA" campaign, spearheaded by Phyllis Schlafly, was explicitly organized to oppose and prevent the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.
Phyllis Schlafly co-authored books on national defense and was critical of arms control agreements with the Soviet Union.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly did co-author works focusing on national defense and expressed significant criticism regarding arms control agreements with the Soviet Union during the Cold War era.
Phyllis Schlafly viewed the United Nations favorably, seeing it as a promoter of American sovereignty.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly expressed significant disdain for the United Nations, viewing it as a threat to American sovereignty rather than a promoter of it.
Which of the following topics was NOT explicitly mentioned as a theme in Phyllis Schlafly's books on national defense?
Answer: Advocacy for increased military spending
Explanation: While her books addressed criticism of arms control agreements with the Soviet Union and concerns about Soviet aggression within the context of Cold War strategy, explicit advocacy for increased military spending was not a primary theme mentioned.
How did Phyllis Schlafly characterize the United Nations?
Answer: A "monument to foolish hopes" and a threat to sovereignty.
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly viewed the United Nations critically, describing it as a "monument to foolish hopes" and a detriment to national sovereignty.
Phyllis Schlafly argued in 1961 that arms control agreements with the Soviet Union would not deter aggression any more effectively than:
Answer: Disarming local police.
Explanation: In 1961, Phyllis Schlafly contended that arms control agreements with the Soviet Union would be as ineffective in deterring aggression as disarming local police would be in deterring crime.
Phyllis Schlafly successfully held elected office, serving multiple terms in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly ran for the U.S. House of Representatives twice but was unsuccessful in winning election to office.
Phyllis Schlafly advised the Republican Party to prioritize outreach to Latino voters to expand its base.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly advised the Republican Party to focus on mobilizing white voters, expressing skepticism about the likelihood of significant support from Latino voters.
Phyllis Schlafly endorsed Donald Trump for president in 2016 and attended every Republican National Convention from 1952 until her death.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly endorsed Donald Trump in 2016 and maintained a consistent presence at Republican National Conventions, attending them annually from 1952 until her passing.
The awarding of an honorary degree to Phyllis Schlafly by Washington University in 2008 was met with universal acclaim.
Answer: False
Explanation: The decision to award Phyllis Schlafly an honorary degree from Washington University in 2008 sparked significant protests from students and faculty, indicating it was not met with universal acclaim.
Phyllis Schlafly's son, Andrew, created Conservapedia, an encyclopedia with a conservative perspective.
Answer: True
Explanation: Andrew Schlafly, one of Phyllis Schlafly's sons, is indeed the founder of Conservapedia, an online encyclopedia designed to present information from a conservative viewpoint.
Phyllis Schlafly led a pro-feminist rally at the 1977 National Women's Conference in Houston.
Answer: False
Explanation: At the 1977 National Women's Conference, Phyllis Schlafly led a counter-rally, the Pro-Life, Pro-Family Rally, which opposed the agenda of the main conference.
How many times did Phyllis Schlafly run for the U.S. House of Representatives?
Answer: Twice
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly ran for the U.S. House of Representatives on two occasions.
What advice did Phyllis Schlafly give the Republican Party regarding voter outreach?
Answer: Concentrate on mobilizing white voters.
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly advised the Republican Party to prioritize the mobilization of white voters, rather than focusing extensively on outreach to Latino voters.
Which of the following candidates did Phyllis Schlafly NOT endorse during her career?
Answer: Ronald Reagan
Explanation: While Phyllis Schlafly endorsed Barry Goldwater, John McCain, and Donald Trump, her endorsements did not include Ronald Reagan.
What controversy surrounded Washington University's decision to award Phyllis Schlafly an honorary degree in 2008?
Answer: Students and faculty protested her anti-feminist views and ERA opposition.
Explanation: The awarding of an honorary degree to Phyllis Schlafly by Washington University in 2008 generated significant controversy, primarily due to protests from students and faculty objecting to her anti-feminist stance and opposition to the ERA.
Who created Conservapedia, an encyclopedia aiming for a conservative perspective?
Answer: Andrew Schlafly
Explanation: Conservapedia was created by Andrew Schlafly, one of Phyllis Schlafly's sons.
At the 1977 National Women's Conference, Phyllis Schlafly led:
Answer: A Pro-Life, Pro-Family Rally.
Explanation: During the 1977 National Women's Conference in Houston, Phyllis Schlafly organized and led a "Pro-Life, Pro-Family Rally" as a counter-event.
Social and Cultural Conservatism
Phyllis Schlafly attributed improvements in women's lives to the feminist movement's advocacy.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly attributed improvements in women's lives primarily to technological advancements, such as labor-saving household devices, rather than to the advocacy of the feminist movement.
Phyllis Schlafly viewed the gender pay gap as a legitimate issue requiring government intervention.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly characterized the concept of a gender pay gap as a "deceitful propaganda campaign" by feminists and believed it was beneficial for men to be the primary providers.
Phyllis Schlafly believed a woman's primary role in society should be that of a wife, mother, and homemaker.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly consistently advocated for the traditional view that a woman's primary and most socially useful role was that of a wife, mother, and homemaker.
Phyllis Schlafly argued that men and women were fundamentally the same and that societal gender-neutrality was desirable.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly maintained that men and women possess fundamental, divinely ordained differences and argued against the feminist pursuit of societal gender-neutrality.
Phyllis Schlafly believed the husband should be the ultimate decision-maker in a marriage for its success.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly articulated the view that the husband should serve as the ultimate decision-maker within a marriage to ensure its successful functioning.
Phyllis Schlafly supported the concept of marital rape, stating that marriage implies consent to sex.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly made the controversial statement that marriage implies consent to sex, which has been widely interpreted as denying the possibility of marital rape. This view drew significant criticism.
Phyllis Schlafly opposed same-sex marriage and civil unions, viewing them as a push by the 'gay lobby'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly was a vocal opponent of same-sex marriage and civil unions, framing such efforts as an agenda promoted by the 'gay lobby'.
Phyllis Schlafly believed motherhood was the most socially useful role for women and essential for raising good citizens.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly emphasized that motherhood was the most socially valuable role for women and critical for the development of responsible citizens.
Phyllis Schlafly opposed immigration reform, advising Republicans to focus on mobilizing white voters instead of seeking Hispanic support.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly advocated for the Republican Party to concentrate on mobilizing white voters, expressing skepticism about the potential for significant support from Hispanic voters and opposing immigration reform.
How did Phyllis Schlafly explain the improvements in women's lives during the late 20th century?
Answer: By the introduction of labor-saving household devices.
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly attributed improvements in women's lives to technological innovations like labor-saving household devices, rather than to the feminist movement.
What was Phyllis Schlafly's characterization of the concept of a gender pay gap?
Answer: A "deceitful propaganda campaign" by feminists.
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly dismissed the gender pay gap as a "deceitful propaganda campaign" orchestrated by feminists, arguing it served to push women into the workforce.
According to Phyllis Schlafly, what was the most socially useful role for a woman?
Answer: A wife, mother, and homemaker
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly believed that the role of a wife, mother, and homemaker was the most socially useful and fulfilling for women.
Phyllis Schlafly believed that gender differences were:
Answer: Fundamentally ordained and could not be eradicated.
Explanation: Schlafly asserted that gender differences were fundamental and divinely ordained, arguing against attempts to create a gender-neutral society.
What controversial view did Phyllis Schlafly express regarding marriage and consent?
Answer: A woman consents to sex by getting married.
Explanation: Phyllis Schlafly controversially stated that marriage implies consent to sex, a view widely criticized for its implications regarding marital rape.
Phyllis Schlafly believed that the family was the 'greatest single achievement in the entire history of women's rights' because:
Answer: It was the optimal environment for women's growth and satisfaction.
Explanation: Schlafly posited that the family represented the pinnacle of achievement for women's rights, primarily because she viewed it as the ideal setting for their personal growth and fulfillment.