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Phytomenadione is the sole chemical name for vitamin K1.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is the specific chemical name for vitamin K1, distinguishing it from other forms of vitamin K.
Phylloquinone and phytonadione are recognized synonyms for phytomenadione.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phylloquinone is the biochemical name, and phytonadione is a common pharmaceutical name, both referring to phytomenadione (vitamin K1).
Phytomenadione is a water-soluble vitamin.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phytomenadione is classified as a fat-soluble vitamin, along with vitamins A, D, and E.
Phytomenadione is chemically derived from 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione possesses a chemical structure based on the 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone core.
The IUPAC nomenclature for phytomenadione signifies its derivation from the 'naphthalene-1,4-dione' structure.
Answer: True
Explanation: The IUPAC name assigned to phytomenadione, 2-methyl-3-[(E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione, explicitly includes the naphthalene-1,4-dione core.
The molecular formula for phytomenadione is C31H46O2.
Answer: True
Explanation: The chemical formula representing phytomenadione is C31H46O2.
Vitamin K1's structure is based on a 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone core with a phytyl substituent.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) is structurally characterized by a 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone nucleus attached to a phytyl side chain.
Phytomenadione is classified as a polycyclic aromatic ketone.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is chemically described as a polycyclic aromatic ketone.
The molar mass of phytomenadione is approximately 450.707 g/mol.
Answer: True
Explanation: The calculated molar mass of phytomenadione is approximately 450.707 grams per mole.
Phytomenadione is chemically classified as a fat-soluble vitamin.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione belongs to the group of fat-soluble vitamins, which includes vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Which of the following is NOT a common synonym for phytomenadione?
Answer: Vitamin K2
Explanation: Phytomenadione is commonly known as Vitamin K1 and Phylloquinone. Vitamin K2 refers to a different group of related compounds (menaquinones).
Chemically, phytomenadione is classified as a:
Answer: Fat-soluble vitamin
Explanation: Phytomenadione is classified as a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning it dissolves in fats and oils and requires dietary fat for optimal absorption.
What is the calculated molar mass of phytomenadione in grams per mole?
Answer: 450.707 g/mol
Explanation: The calculated molar mass of phytomenadione is approximately 450.707 grams per mole.
What is the molecular formula representing phytomenadione?
Answer: C31H46O2
Explanation: The chemical formula representing phytomenadione is C31H46O2.
The IUPAC nomenclature for phytomenadione signifies its derivation from which fundamental chemical structure?
Answer: Naphthalene
Explanation: The IUPAC nomenclature for phytomenadione indicates it is derived from a naphthalene-1,4-dione core structure.
Phytomenadione serves as a crucial cofactor for hepatic synthesis of specific blood coagulation factors.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is essential for the liver to synthesize several key blood clotting factors, playing a vital role in hemostasis.
Edward Doisy and Henrik Dam received the Nobel Prize for their work related to phytomenadione.
Answer: True
Explanation: Edward Doisy and Henrik Dam were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning vitamin K.
Phytomenadione was first isolated in the 20th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione was first isolated in 1939, which falls within the 20th century.
In plants, phylloquinone is involved in photosynthesis.
Answer: True
Explanation: In plants, phylloquinone plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, specifically acting as an electron acceptor within the electron transport chain of Photosystem I.
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X in animals.
Answer: True
Explanation: Vitamin K acts as a cofactor for the liver's synthesis of coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X.
Phylloquinone is found in higher concentrations in the liver than in the brain.
Answer: True
Explanation: Within animal tissues, phylloquinone is generally found in higher concentrations in the liver, heart, and pancreas, with lower levels present in the brain, kidneys, and lungs.
The biosynthesis of vitamin K1 in plants starts with the compound chorismate.
Answer: True
Explanation: The biosynthesis of vitamin K1 in plants and cyanobacteria commences with chorismate, a precursor synthesized via the shikimate pathway.
The conversion of chorismate to vitamin K1 involves fewer than five steps.
Answer: False
Explanation: The biochemical pathway converting chorismate to vitamin K1 comprises nine sequential steps.
Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of anticoagulant proteins C and S.
Answer: True
Explanation: In addition to coagulation factors, Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of anticoagulant proteins, specifically protein C and protein S.
Phytomenadione plays a role in the formation of bone proteins.
Answer: True
Explanation: Vitamin K is also required for the synthesis of certain bone proteins, contributing to skeletal health.
Phylloquinone is essential for photosynthesis in plants.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phylloquinone plays an indispensable role in plant photosynthesis, functioning within the electron transport chain of Photosystem I.
What is the primary role of phytomenadione in the body?
Answer: Facilitating the synthesis of key blood clotting factors
Explanation: The principal biological function of phytomenadione in the body is to facilitate the hepatic synthesis of essential blood clotting factors.
Who were the Nobel Prize recipients for the discovery work related to phytomenadione?
Answer: Edward Doisy and Henrik Dam
Explanation: Edward Doisy and Henrik Dam were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning vitamin K.
What is the specific physiological function of phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) within the photosynthetic process of plants?
Answer: Acting as an electron acceptor in Photosystem I
Explanation: In plants, phylloquinone functions as an electron acceptor within the electron transport chain associated with Photosystem I during photosynthesis.
Which of the following coagulation factors, synthesized in the liver, is dependent on Vitamin K?
Answer: Factor IX (Christmas factor)
Explanation: Vitamin K is a cofactor for the synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X in the liver. Factor IX is one of these Vitamin K-dependent factors.
In addition to coagulation factors, Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of which anticoagulant proteins?
Answer: Protein C and Protein S
Explanation: Vitamin K is vital for the synthesis of anticoagulant proteins, specifically protein C and protein S, which help regulate the coagulation cascade.
Within animal tissues, in which organs are higher concentrations of phylloquinone typically observed?
Answer: Liver and Heart
Explanation: Within animal tissues, phylloquinone is generally found in higher concentrations in the liver, heart, and pancreas, with lower levels present in the brain, kidneys, and lungs.
The biochemical pathway for the biosynthesis of Vitamin K1 in plants, commencing with chorismate, comprises how many sequential steps?
Answer: 9 steps
Explanation: The biochemical pathway converting chorismate to vitamin K1 comprises nine sequential steps.
The source mentions that Vitamin K is required for the formation of what type of proteins in addition to clotting factors?
Answer: Bone proteins
Explanation: Vitamin K is also required for the synthesis of certain bone proteins, contributing to skeletal health, in addition to its role in coagulation factors and anticoagulant proteins.
Which of the following is NOT a function of Vitamin K mentioned in the source?
Answer: Regulation of body temperature
Explanation: The source details Vitamin K's roles in synthesizing coagulation factors, anticoagulant proteins C and S, and bone proteins. Regulation of body temperature is not mentioned.
What is the primary role of phytomenadione (phylloquinone) in plant photosynthesis?
Answer: Transporting electrons in Photosystem I
Explanation: In plants, phylloquinone functions as an electron acceptor within the electron transport chain associated with Photosystem I during photosynthesis.
Phytomenadione is primarily used to treat bleeding disorders related to vitamin K deficiency or anticoagulant overdose, not hemophilia.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is utilized in the treatment of bleeding disorders stemming from vitamin K deficiency or warfarin overdose, rather than hemophilia.
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns is a condition that phytomenadione can help prevent and treat.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is recommended for both the prevention and treatment of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns, thereby preventing severe neurological damage.
Phytomenadione is considered safe for use during pregnancy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is considered safe for use by pregnant individuals and is also likely safe for use while breastfeeding.
Phytomenadione is approved for treating anticoagulant poisoning in dogs in Canada under the name Hemophyt.
Answer: True
Explanation: In Canada, phytomenadione, marketed as Hemophyt, is approved for the veterinary treatment of anticoagulant poisoning in dogs.
Phytomenadione is primarily used to treat vitamin C deficiency.
Answer: False
Explanation: Phytomenadione is utilized for vitamin K deficiency and related bleeding disorders, not vitamin C deficiency.
Phytomenadione is considered safe for use during pregnancy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is considered safe for use by pregnant individuals and is also likely safe for use while breastfeeding.
Phytomenadione is primarily used to treat conditions related to vitamin K deficiency.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is utilized in the treatment of bleeding disorders stemming from vitamin K deficiency, warfarin overdose, and obstructive jaundice.
Intramuscular administration of phytomenadione is used to prevent severe neurological damage in newborns.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is recommended for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns, with intramuscular injections being a common practice to safeguard infants against severe neurological damage.
According to the source, phytomenadione is used to treat bleeding disorders resulting from:
Answer: Warfarin overdose and general vitamin K deficiency
Explanation: Phytomenadione is indicated for treating bleeding disorders caused by warfarin overdose and general vitamin K deficiency, as well as obstructive jaundice.
What specific veterinary application for phytomenadione is documented in Canada?
Answer: Treatment of anticoagulant poisoning in dogs
Explanation: In Canada, phytomenadione, marketed as Hemophyt, is approved for the veterinary treatment of anticoagulant poisoning in dogs.
Phytomenadione is considered safe for use during which life stages?
Answer: Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Explanation: Phytomenadione is considered safe for use by pregnant individuals and is also likely safe for use while breastfeeding.
Intramuscular injections of phytomenadione typically show effects within two hours.
Answer: True
Explanation: When phytomenadione is administered via injection, its therapeutic effects are generally observed within two hours.
Oral administration is a recommended method for phytomenadione.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione can be administered through various routes, including orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, and intravenously.
Severe allergic reactions to phytomenadione are particularly associated with intravenous administration, especially when large doses are combined with castor oil.
Answer: True
Explanation: Severe allergic reactions to phytomenadione have been reported, particularly with intravenous administration, especially when large doses were given in conjunction with castor oil.
Green vegetables are a rich source of dietary phytomenadione.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is commonly found in the diet through the consumption of green vegetables, vegetable oils, and certain fruits.
Vitamin K is highly stable when exposed to air.
Answer: True
Explanation: Vitamin K exhibits notable stability in the presence of air and moisture, though it is susceptible to decomposition when exposed to sunlight.
Phytomenadione is susceptible to decomposition when exposed to sunlight.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione exhibits stability in the presence of air and moisture but is susceptible to decomposition when exposed to sunlight.
Phytomenadione is susceptible to decomposition when exposed to sunlight.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione exhibits stability in the presence of air and moisture but is susceptible to decomposition when exposed to sunlight.
Which administration route is NOT mentioned as a recommended method for phytomenadione?
Answer: Intradermal injection
Explanation: The recommended administration routes for phytomenadione include oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous injections. Intradermal injection is not typically listed.
How quickly can the effects of phytomenadione be observed after injection?
Answer: Within two hours
Explanation: When phytomenadione is administered via injection, its therapeutic effects are generally observed within two hours.
What is a significant risk associated with intravenous administration of large doses of phytomenadione, especially when combined with castor oil?
Answer: Severe allergic reactions
Explanation: Severe allergic reactions to phytomenadione have been reported, particularly with intravenous administration, especially when large doses were given in conjunction with castor oil.
Which of the following is a common dietary source of phytomenadione?
Answer: Green vegetables
Explanation: Phytomenadione is commonly found in the diet through the consumption of green vegetables, vegetable oils, and certain fruits.
Phytomenadione is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is recognized for its importance in public health and is included on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Mephyton is a trade name for phytomenadione.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mephyton is recognized as one of the proprietary trade names under which phytomenadione is marketed.
Phytomenadione is used in both human and veterinary medicine.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione has distinct ATC codes for human use (B02BA01) and veterinary use (QB02BA01), indicating its application in both fields.
Phytomenadione requires a prescription in both Canada and the United States.
Answer: True
Explanation: In both Canada and the United States, phytomenadione is classified as a prescription-only medication.
The CAS Registry Number for phytomenadione is 84-80-0.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number uniquely identifying phytomenadione is 84-80-0.
Phytomenadione is identified by the DrugBank identifier DB01022.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is listed in the DrugBank database under the identifier DB01022.
The KEGG identifier for phytomenadione is D00148.
Answer: True
Explanation: Phytomenadione is identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database with the code D00148.
The ChEBI identifier for phytomenadione is CHEBI:18067.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) identifier assigned to phytomenadione is CHEBI:18067.
The '#' symbol in the navboxes typically indicates inclusion on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the context of navigational boxes (navboxes), the '#' symbol generally denotes inclusion on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.
The PubChem Compound ID for phytomenadione is 5284607.
Answer: True
Explanation: The PubChem Compound Identifier (CID) assigned to phytomenadione is 5284607.
The navboxes link to articles concerning anticoagulants and vitamins.
Answer: True
Explanation: The navigational boxes (navboxes) link to related articles on both vitamins and antihemorrhagic agents, facilitating exploration of interconnected topics.
What information does the 'Spoken Wikipedia' section provide regarding the article's content?
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Spoken Wikipedia' section indicates the availability of an audio recording for the article, often specifying the revision date and providing links for access, rather than direct download links.
Menadione (K3) is listed as a form of Vitamin K under 'Antihemorrhagics (B02)'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Menadione (Vitamin K3) is classified under the ATC code B02, which pertains to antihemorrhagics, indicating its relevance in treating bleeding disorders.
The UNII identifier for phytomenadione is S5Z3U87QHF.
Answer: True
Explanation: The FDA's Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII) assigned to phytomenadione is S5Z3U87QHF.
Phytomenadione is classified as a prescription-only medication in the United States.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the United States, phytomenadione is classified as a prescription-only medication.
The ChemSpider identifier for phytomenadione is 4447652.
Answer: True
Explanation: The ChemSpider identifier assigned to phytomenadione is 4447652.
The ECHA InfoCard number for phytomenadione is 100.001.422.
Answer: True
Explanation: The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) InfoCard number for phytomenadione is 100.001.422.
Phytomenadione is recognized by which international health organization as an essential medicine?
Answer: The World Health Organization (WHO)
Explanation: Phytomenadione is included on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, signifying its importance in global healthcare.
Which of the following is listed as a trade name for phytomenadione?
Answer: Hemophyt
Explanation: Hemophyt is cited as a proprietary trade name for phytomenadione, particularly in veterinary applications in Canada.
Phytomenadione is classified as a prescription-only medication in which countries mentioned?
Answer: Canada and the United States
Explanation: In both Canada and the United States, phytomenadione is classified as a prescription-only medication.
What is the CAS Registry Number for phytomenadione?
Answer: 84-80-0
Explanation: The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number uniquely identifying phytomenadione is 84-80-0.
Which identifier is used for phytomenadione in the DrugBank database?
Answer: DB01022
Explanation: Phytomenadione is listed in the DrugBank database under the identifier DB01022.
Which identifier is used for phytomenadione in the KEGG database?
Answer: D00148
Explanation: Phytomenadione is identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database with the code D00148.