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The Pittsburgh Leader newspaper began its publication run in the year 1870.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader began its publication as a Sunday weekly on December 11, 1864. The daily edition, the 'Evening Leader', commenced publication in October 1870.
John W. Pittock founded the Pittsburgh Leader as a daily newspaper on December 11, 1864.
Answer: False
Explanation: John W. Pittock founded the Pittsburgh Leader, but its initial publication on December 11, 1864, was as a Sunday weekly, not a daily newspaper. The daily edition began in 1870.
The daily edition of the Pittsburgh Leader, known as the 'Evening Leader', commenced publication in October 1870.
Answer: True
Explanation: The daily edition of the Pittsburgh Leader, initially named the 'Evening Leader', began publication in October 1870.
A 1873 directory identified the Pittsburgh Leader as having the largest daily circulation in the city.
Answer: True
Explanation: According to a 1873 directory, the Pittsburgh Leader held the distinction of having the largest daily circulation within the city at that time.
The Pittsburgh Leader initially spelled the city's name with a final 'h' but changed to 'Pittsburg' in 1876.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader initially used the spelling 'Pittsburgh' with a final 'h'. The newspaper subsequently changed its spelling to 'Pittsburg' starting in 1876.
On New Year's Eve 1875, the Pittsburgh Leader announced it would begin spelling the city's name with an added 'h'.
Answer: False
Explanation: On New Year's Eve 1875, the Pittsburgh Leader announced it would *stop* spelling the city's name with the final 'h', effective after that Sunday. The change to 'Pittsburg' occurred in 1876.
The 'Evening Leader' was the name of the Sunday weekly edition started in 1864.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Sunday weekly edition started in 1864. The 'Evening Leader' was the name given to the daily edition that commenced publication in October 1870.
When did the Pittsburgh Leader newspaper begin its publication?
Answer: December 11, 1864
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader began its publication as a Sunday weekly on December 11, 1864.
Who was the founder of the Pittsburgh Leader?
Answer: John W. Pittock
Explanation: John W. Pittock was the founder of the Pittsburgh Leader newspaper.
What year saw the start of the daily edition of the Pittsburgh Leader?
Answer: 1870
Explanation: The daily edition of the Pittsburgh Leader commenced publication in 1870.
According to an 1873 directory, what distinction did the Pittsburgh Leader hold regarding circulation?
Answer: It had the largest daily circulation in Pittsburgh.
Explanation: An 1873 directory identified the Pittsburgh Leader as possessing the largest daily circulation in Pittsburgh at that time.
How did the Pittsburgh Leader initially spell its city's name?
Answer: Pittsburgh
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader initially spelled the city's name as 'Pittsburgh', including the final 'h'.
When did the Pittsburgh Leader change its spelling of the city's name to 'Pittsburg'?
Answer: 1876
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader changed its spelling of the city's name to 'Pittsburg' starting in 1876.
What announcement did the Leader make regarding the city's name spelling at the end of 1875?
Answer: It would stop spelling the city's name with the final 'h'.
Explanation: At the end of 1875, the Pittsburgh Leader announced its intention to cease spelling the city's name with the final 'h'.
Throughout its history, the Pittsburgh Leader consistently aligned itself with the Republican Party.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader maintained an independent political stance throughout its operational years, rather than consistently aligning with the Republican Party.
After the founder John W. Pittock's death, the Nevin family took over ownership and operation of the Pittsburgh Leader until 1906.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the death of founder John W. Pittock in 1881, members of the Nevin family assumed ownership and operation of the Pittsburgh Leader, managing the newspaper until its sale in 1906.
The Nevin family owned the Pittsburgh Leader from its founding until 1881.
Answer: False
Explanation: John W. Pittock founded the Pittsburgh Leader. The Nevin family took over ownership and operation after Pittock's death in 1881, continuing until 1906.
The Pittsburgh Leader was known for its consistent, unwavering support of the Democratic Party.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader maintained an independent political stance and did not consistently support the Democratic Party.
What was the political stance of the Pittsburgh Leader during its publication?
Answer: Independent
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader maintained an independent political line throughout its publication history.
Who operated the Pittsburgh Leader after the founder's death until 1906?
Answer: Members of the Nevin family
Explanation: Following the death of founder John W. Pittock, the Nevin family managed the ownership and operation of the Pittsburgh Leader until 1906.
Alexander Pollock Moore purchased the Pittsburgh Leader in 1906 and became its publisher and editor-in-chief.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1906, Alexander Pollock Moore led a group that acquired the Pittsburgh Leader, subsequently taking on the roles of publisher and editor-in-chief.
The 1906 purchase of the Pittsburgh Leader by Alexander Pollock Moore was widely seen as a purely nonpartisan transaction.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1906 purchase by Alexander Pollock Moore was met with suspicion, as it was rumored that ex-political boss William Flinn was the true buyer, casting doubt on the paper's claimed nonpartisan status.
Muckraker Will Irwin praised the Pittsburgh Leader after the 1906 sale for its responsible journalism.
Answer: False
Explanation: Muckraker Will Irwin, writing in Collier's magazine, criticized the Pittsburgh Leader after the 1906 sale, accusing Alexander Pollock Moore of transforming it into a sensationalist 'yellow newspaper'.
The front page graphic provided is dated October 17, 1909.
Answer: True
Explanation: The graphic depicting the front page of the Pittsburgh Leader is indeed dated October 17, 1909.
Willa Cather worked as a telegraph editor and drama critic for the Pittsburgh Leader.
Answer: True
Explanation: The notable author Willa Cather held positions as a telegraph editor and drama critic at the Pittsburgh Leader during her early career.
George Seldes began his journalism career at the Pittsburgh Leader and later alleged that newspapers suppressed stories for advertising revenue.
Answer: True
Explanation: George Seldes commenced his journalism career at the Pittsburgh Leader and, in his later writings, alleged that newspapers sometimes suppressed unfavorable stories to protect advertising revenue.
Lillian Russell, wife of the publisher, wrote a regular political commentary column for the Pittsburgh Leader.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lillian Russell, wife of publisher Alexander Pollock Moore, contributed a beauty advice column titled 'Lillian Russell's Philosophy' to the Pittsburgh Leader, not a political commentary column.
The death of Lillian Russell in 1922 may have influenced Alexander Pollock Moore's decision to cease publication of the Leader.
Answer: True
Explanation: Publisher Alexander Pollock Moore indicated that the death of his wife, Lillian Russell, in June 1922 may have diminished his motivation to continue publishing the Leader.
The 'Father Pitt' character was created to represent the city of Philadelphia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Father Pitt' character was a personification created to represent the city of Pittsburgh, not Philadelphia.
George Seldes began his career at the Pittsburgh Leader in 1909 at the age of 18.
Answer: True
Explanation: George Seldes started his journalism career as a cub reporter at the Pittsburgh Leader in 1909, when he was 18 years old.
Willa Cather's primary role at the Pittsburgh Leader was as a political cartoonist.
Answer: False
Explanation: Willa Cather's roles at the Pittsburgh Leader were primarily as a telegraph editor and drama critic, not as a political cartoonist.
Alexander Pollock Moore led the group that bought the Pittsburgh Leader in 1906.
Answer: True
Explanation: Alexander Pollock Moore was the leader of the group that purchased the Pittsburgh Leader in 1906.
Who purchased the Pittsburgh Leader in 1906 and took over as publisher and editor-in-chief?
Answer: Alexander Pollock Moore
Explanation: Alexander Pollock Moore purchased the Pittsburgh Leader in 1906 and assumed the positions of publisher and editor-in-chief.
What concern was raised about the Pittsburgh Leader following the 1906 purchase?
Answer: It was suspected that William Flinn was the true buyer, challenging its nonpartisan claim.
Explanation: Following the 1906 purchase, suspicions arose that William Flinn was the actual buyer, which questioned the newspaper's claimed nonpartisan stance.
How did muckraker Will Irwin describe the Pittsburgh Leader after the 1906 sale?
Answer: As a sensationalist 'yellow newspaper'.
Explanation: Muckraker Will Irwin characterized the Pittsburgh Leader after the 1906 sale as a sensationalist 'yellow newspaper'.
Which notable author worked for the Pittsburgh Leader early in her career?
Answer: Willa Cather
Explanation: Willa Cather, a renowned author, worked for the Pittsburgh Leader early in her career.
What roles did Willa Cather fulfill at the Pittsburgh Leader?
Answer: Telegraph Editor and Drama Critic
Explanation: Willa Cather served as a telegraph editor and drama critic for the Pittsburgh Leader.
What did George Seldes allege about newspapers like the Pittsburgh Leader later in life?
Answer: They sometimes suppressed unfavorable stories for advertising revenue.
Explanation: George Seldes alleged that newspapers, including the Pittsburgh Leader, occasionally suppressed unfavorable stories to maintain advertising revenue.
Who was Lillian Russell and what was her contribution to the Pittsburgh Leader?
Answer: She was the wife of the publisher and wrote a beauty advice column.
Explanation: Lillian Russell, wife of publisher Alexander Pollock Moore, wrote a beauty advice column for the Pittsburgh Leader.
What might have contributed to Alexander Pollock Moore's decision to stop publishing the Leader?
Answer: The death of his wife, Lillian Russell.
Explanation: The death of his wife, Lillian Russell, in 1922 may have significantly impacted Alexander Pollock Moore's motivation to continue publishing the Pittsburgh Leader.
What was the 'Father Pitt' character?
Answer: A personification of the city of Pittsburgh.
Explanation: The 'Father Pitt' character served as a personification representing the city of Pittsburgh.
The Pittsburgh Leader ceased publication on February 14, 1923, after being absorbed by the Pittsburgh Post.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader ceased publication on February 14, 1923, but it was jointly absorbed by several newspapers, not solely by the Pittsburgh Post.
The Pittsburgh newspaper market was considered uncongested when the Leader ceased publication.
Answer: False
Explanation: When the Pittsburgh Leader ceased publication in February 1923, the newspaper market was generally considered overcrowded, contributing to the consolidation trend.
Following the Leader's demise, the number of mainstream daily newspapers in Pittsburgh increased significantly.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the four years following the cessation of the Pittsburgh Leader and the Pittsburgh Dispatch, the number of mainstream daily newspapers in Pittsburgh actually decreased, reflecting market consolidation.
The Pittsburgh Leader was absorbed by the Pittsburgh Press alone in 1923.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 1923, the Pittsburgh Leader was jointly purchased and absorbed by multiple newspapers, including the Post, Sun, Gazette Times, Chronicle Telegraph, and Press, not solely by the Pittsburgh Press.
The newspaper market in Pittsburgh was considered stable and not overcrowded in early 1923.
Answer: False
Explanation: In early 1923, the Pittsburgh newspaper market was widely regarded by advertisers and publishers as overcrowded, contributing to the consolidation of several publications.
The Pittsburgh Leader published its final edition on February 14, 1923.
Answer: True
Explanation: The final edition of the Pittsburgh Leader was published on February 14, 1923.
When did the Pittsburgh Leader publish its final issue?
Answer: February 14, 1923
Explanation: The final edition of the Pittsburgh Leader was published on February 14, 1923.
What happened to the Pittsburgh Leader upon ceasing publication in 1923?
Answer: It was jointly purchased and absorbed by several other Pittsburgh newspapers.
Explanation: Upon ceasing publication in 1923, the Pittsburgh Leader was jointly absorbed by multiple newspapers in the city.
What was the condition of the Pittsburgh newspaper market around February 1923?
Answer: It was considered overcrowded.
Explanation: Around February 1923, the Pittsburgh newspaper market was generally considered overcrowded, which contributed to the consolidation of several papers.
In the four years following the demise of the Leader and the Dispatch, how did the number of mainstream daily newspapers in Pittsburgh change?
Answer: It decreased from five to three.
Explanation: In the four years after the Pittsburgh Leader and Pittsburgh Dispatch ceased publication, the number of mainstream daily newspapers in Pittsburgh decreased from five to three.
Which of the following newspapers was NOT mentioned as absorbing the Pittsburgh Leader in 1923?
Answer: Pittsburgh Leader
Explanation: The Pittsburgh Leader was absorbed by other newspapers in 1923; it was not one of the entities that absorbed other papers.
What was the primary reason cited for the consolidation of Pittsburgh newspapers around 1923?
Answer: The market being considered overcrowded.
Explanation: The primary reason cited for the consolidation of Pittsburgh newspapers around 1923 was that the market was considered overcrowded.