Explanation: The source material indicates that the polonaise dance originated in Poland, not France. It was introduced to French courts in the 17th century.

Explanation: The polonaise is indeed characterized by its walking steps and is traditionally performed in a 3/4 time signature, contributing to its stately rhythm.

Explanation: The Polish term 'chodzony,' associated with the polonaise, translates to 'walking dance,' reflecting a fundamental characteristic of its movement.

Explanation: The polonaise is fundamentally characterized by its walking steps, traditionally performed in a procession, often in 3/4 time.

Explanation: The Polish term 'chodzony,' an alternative name for the polonaise, directly translates to 'walking dance,' highlighting its characteristic movement.

Explanation: The polonaise is traditionally composed and performed in a 3/4 time signature, which contributes to its moderate tempo and stately character.

Explanation: The polonaise is characterized by walking steps and a moderate tempo in 3/4 time; it is not typically described as fast or improvisational.

Explanation: Contrary to the statement, the polonaise remains a popular dance in contemporary Poland and frequently opens formal social events such as balls and celebrations.

Explanation: The source indicates that earlier forms of the polonaise were recorded in Poland as early as the 15th century, predating the 17th century.

Explanation: Historical accounts suggest that the polonaise evolved from a peasant dance to become a favored dance of the aristocratic class by the 17th century.

Explanation: The polonaise was introduced to French courts in the 17th century, implying the term became common thereafter, not before.

Explanation: The polonaise evolved from its origins as a peasant dance to become widely adopted and favored by the aristocratic classes over several centuries.

Explanation: The polonaise was introduced to the French courts during the 17th century.

Explanation: By the late 16th century, folk versions of the polonaise were being danced by the lower Polish nobility, indicating its presence within this social stratum.

Explanation: The polonaise holds significant cultural importance in Poland and is indeed esteemed as one of the country's five national dances.

Explanation: The inscription of the polonaise on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists occurred in 2023, not 2020.

Explanation: UNESCO recognized the polonaise as a form of joint celebration and community engagement, symbolizing cooperation, reconciliation, and equality, rather than primarily as a solo performance.

Explanation: The German National Library (GND) is cited as an international authority control database relevant to the polonaise.

Explanation: The inscription on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists serves as a formal acknowledgment of the polonaise's global significance as a vital cultural tradition.

Explanation: The polonaise holds significant cultural status in Poland, being recognized as one of its five national dances.

Explanation: The polonaise was inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in the year 2023.

Explanation: UNESCO's inscription highlights the polonaise as a symbol of cooperation, reconciliation, and equality, often performed during joint celebrations.

Explanation: The Library of Congress is mentioned as a national authority control database relevant to the polonaise within the United States.

Explanation: The notation 'alla polacca' directs a performer to play in the characteristic rhythm and spirit of a polonaise, not a waltz.

Explanation: Frédéric Chopin is renowned for his polonaises, but he was not the only composer; many others, including Handel and Bach, wrote polonaises or pieces in that style.

Explanation: Chopin's polonaises are widely regarded as the most celebrated and well-known examples of the dance within classical music, not the most obscure.

Explanation: The source confirms that George Frideric Handel composed notable polonaises, including examples in major-minor pairs.

Explanation: Princess Anna Maria of Saxony amassed a significant collection of over 350 pieces of polonaise sheet music.

Explanation: Jan Piotr Norblin's painting titled 'Polish Noblemen dancing Polonaise' depicts members of the nobility, not commoners.

Explanation: The 1890 cover art, titled 'Polish Dances. A collection of the most favorite polonaises,' signifies a compilation of popular polonaise music from that era.

Explanation: Frédéric Chopin is widely considered the most renowned composer for his classical polonaises.

Explanation: The musical term 'alla polacca' instructs the performer to execute the piece in the style and rhythm characteristic of a polonaise.

Explanation: Ludwig van Beethoven included a polonaise rhythm in his Triple Concerto, Op. 56.

Explanation: Jan Piotr Norblin's painting explicitly illustrates members of the Polish nobility engaged in the performance of the polonaise dance.

Explanation: The 1890 cover art signifies a collection of popular polonaise music from that historical period.

Explanation: The painting by Korneli Szlegel depicts individuals engaged in dancing the Polonez.

Explanation: The source indicates that the rhythm of the polonaise is quite close to that of the Swedish semiquaver polska, suggesting a shared origin or influence.

Explanation: Historical context suggests the polska dance was introduced to Sweden during the period of the Vasa dynasty and the Polish-Swedish union.

Explanation: A 'studniówka' is a traditional Polish student ball held approximately 100 days *before* final exams, not after.

Explanation: The Mazur (Mazurka) is indeed listed as one of the four other national dances of Poland, alongside the polonaise.

Explanation: The 'See also' section does indeed list the Waltz and Mazurka, among other dances, in proximity to the polonaise.

Explanation: The term 'studniówka' signifies a ball held approximately 100 days *before* final examinations, marking a pre-graduation celebration.

Explanation: The polonaise traditionally serves as the opening dance at a 'studniówka,' a significant Polish student ball.

Explanation: The term 'studniówka' literally translates to 'the ball of the hundred days,' referring to its timing relative to final examinations.

Explanation: The five national dances of Poland are the Polonaise, Mazurka, Kujawiak, Krakowiak, and Oberek. The Waltz is not included in this specific designation.

Explanation: The source notes that the rhythm of the polonaise is quite close to that of the Swedish semiquaver polska.

Explanation: The source suggests that the polonaise and the Swedish polska share a common origin, evidenced by their similar rhythmic structures and historical connections.

Explanation: Edward Alexander MacDowell was a prolific American composer, not European, who gained recognition for his polonaises.

Explanation: John Philip Sousa composed the Presidential Polonaise with the intention of assisting visitors in moving through the White House receiving line, not specifically for a parade.

Explanation: While Tchaikovsky did compose a famous polonaise, it appears in his opera 'Eugene Onegin,' not 'The Nutcracker.'

Explanation: The 'polones' dance in Maluku is described as resembling a country dance or cèilidh, not a modern ballet.

Explanation: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's opera 'Eugene Onegin' includes a famous polonaise.

Explanation: The 'Presidential Polonaise' was composed by John Philip Sousa.

Explanation: The 'Presidential Polonaise' was composed at the suggestion of President Chester A. Arthur to help visitors navigate the White House receiving line efficiently.

Explanation: The 'polones' dance found in Maluku is described as typically resembling a country dance or cèilidh.

Explanation: Edward Alexander MacDowell, an American composer, is noted for his compositions in the polonaise form during a more recent historical period.