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The Pomorian Old Orthodox Church originated in the late 17th century from a schism within the Russian Orthodox Church.
Answer: True
Explanation: The church emerged from a schism within the Russian Orthodox Church at the end of the 17th century.
Danila Vikulin and the Denisov brothers founded the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church along the Volga River.
Answer: False
Explanation: Danila Vikulin and the Denisov brothers founded the church along the Vyg River, not the Volga River.
The Vygovsky men's monastery, founded in 1694, served as the spiritual and ideological center for the Pomorian creed.
Answer: True
Explanation: Founded in 1694 on the Vyg River, the Vygovsky men's monastery became the primary spiritual and ideological center for the Pomorian creed.
The Leksinskiy female monastery was founded in 1706.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Leksinskiy female monastery was established in 1706, marking the creation of a monastic community for women within the church.
The Vyg River is significant because it was the location where the Leksinskiy female monastery was founded in 1706.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Vyg River is significant as the location where the Vygovsky men's monastery, the spiritual center of the Pomorian creed, was founded. The Leksinskiy female monastery was also founded there in 1706.
Who were the key figures credited with founding the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church along the Vyg River?
Answer: Danila Vikulin and the Denisov brothers
Explanation: Danila Vikulin and the Denisov brothers are credited as the founders of the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church along the Vyg River.
What was the significance of the Vygovsky men's monastery?
Answer: It served as the spiritual and ideological center for the Pomorian creed
Explanation: The Vygovsky men's monastery, founded in 1694, was crucial as the spiritual and ideological hub for the Pomorian creed and the priestless Old Believers.
The Pomorian Old Orthodox Church originated from a schism within which church?
Answer: The Russian Orthodox Church
Explanation: The Pomorian Old Orthodox Church originated from a schism within the Russian Orthodox Church.
What was the significance of the Leksinskiy female monastery?
Answer: It marked the establishment of a monastic community for women
Explanation: The founding of the Leksinskiy female monastery in 1706 was significant as it marked the establishment of a monastic community specifically for women within the church.
The Pomorian Old Orthodox Church is a branch of the *popovtsy* (with priests) faction of Old Believers.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Pomorian Old Orthodox Church is a branch of the *bespopovtsy* (priestless) faction of Old Believers, not the *popovtsy* (with priests) faction.
A split within the Pomorian community occurred in 1738 because some members began praying for the Tsar.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1738 schism was precipitated by a disagreement over whether to pray for the Tsar during services.
The Filippovskiy group, emerging from the 1738 split, practiced self-immolation as a form of protest.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Filippovskiy group, which formed after the 1738 split, was known for practicing self-immolation as a protest.
The Novopomortsy were the group that continued to deny the sanctity of marriage after the early 1830s split.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Staropomortsy (Old-Pomorians) continued to deny the sanctity of marriage after the early 1830s split; the Novopomortsy (New-Pomorians) allowed for legalized marital relations.
The Novopomortsy attracted members from other Old Believer groups due to their stricter stance on marriage.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Novopomortsy attracted members from other Old Believer groups due to their less strict attitude towards marriage compared to other factions.
The term *beglopopovtsy* refers to priests who joined the reformed Russian Orthodox Church.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term *beglopopovtsy* refers to "runaway priests," clergy who had deserted the mainstream Russian Orthodox Church.
The Novopomortsy group was characterized by its denial of the sanctity of marriage.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Novopomortsy group allowed for legalized marital relations, while the Staropomortsy continued to deny the sanctity of marriage.
The term *bespopovtsy* signifies a faction of Old Believers who continued to accept priests from the reformed Russian Orthodox Church.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term *bespopovtsy* signifies Old Believers who ceased to accept priests from the reformed Russian Orthodox Church.
The split in 1738 led to the formation of the Filippovskiy and Fedoseevtsy agreements, which later experienced further divisions.
Answer: True
Explanation: The schism of 1738 resulted in the establishment of the Filippovskiy and Fedoseevtsy agreements, which subsequently underwent further internal divisions.
The split in 1738 over praying for the Tsar led to the formation of which two agreements?
Answer: Filippovskiy and Fedoseevtsy
Explanation: The disagreement in 1738 regarding prayer for the Tsar resulted in the formation of the Filippovskiy and Fedoseevtsy agreements.
The term *bespopovtsy* signifies a faction of Old Believers who deny the sanctity of marriage.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term *bespopovtsy* refers to the "priestless" faction of Old Believers. The denial of marriage sanctity was a specific theological stance held by certain groups within Old Believer communities, such as the Staropomortsy.
What is the primary faction of Old Believers to which the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church belongs?
Answer: Bespopovtsy
Explanation: The Pomorian Old Orthodox Church is primarily associated with the *bespopovtsy*, or priestless, faction of Old Believers.
The split in 1738 within the Pomorian community was primarily caused by a disagreement over:
Answer: Praying for the Tsar during services
Explanation: The primary cause of the 1738 split was a dispute concerning the practice of praying for the Tsar during religious services.
Which group, emerging from the early 1830s division, continued the traditional denial of the sanctity of marriage?
Answer: Staropomortsy
Explanation: The Staropomortsy, formed during the early 1830s division, maintained the traditional stance of denying the sanctity of marriage.
What was the practice of the Filippovskiy group related to?
Answer: Self-immolation
Explanation: The Filippovskiy group, a faction emerging from the 1738 split, practiced self-immolation as a form of protest.
The term *beglopopovtsy* refers to:
Answer: Clergy who left the reformed Russian Orthodox Church
Explanation: The term *beglopopovtsy* denotes clergy who had deserted the mainstream Russian Orthodox Church.
Which group emerged from the 1738 split and also practiced self-immolation?
Answer: Filippovskiy
Explanation: The Filippovskiy group, which emerged from the 1738 split, was known for practicing self-immolation.
The term "Pomorian" in the church's context refers to inhabitants of the White Sea coast.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the church's context, "Pomorian" refers to followers named after the region of Pomorye, not the inhabitants of the White Sea coast.
The "Pomorian Answers" were a compilation that became the basis of the Pomorian creed's religious doctrine.
Answer: True
Explanation: The "Pomorian Answers" were compiled by the Vygovsky monastery and served as the foundational text for the Pomorian creed's doctrine.
A *lestovka* is a type of prayer rope used by the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church.
Answer: True
Explanation: A *lestovka* is indeed a type of prayer rope or bead utilized in prayer practices within the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church.
The term *soglasiye* means "schism" in the context of the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the context of the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church, *soglasiye* translates to "creed" or "confession," not "schism."
The Russian name for the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church is "Pomorian Old Orthodox Church."
Answer: False
Explanation: The Russian name for the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church is "Drevlepravoslavnaya pomorskaya tserkov."
The term *bespopovtsy* implies that this faction of Old Believers elects literate laypeople to lead their services in the absence of ordained clergy.
Answer: True
Explanation: The term *bespopovtsy* signifies that this faction of Old Believers, lacking ordained clergy, elects literate laypeople to conduct their services.
The term "Pomorian" in the church's context is derived from the name of a founder.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term "Pomorian" is derived from the region of Pomorye, where the church's spiritual center was established, not from the name of a founder.
What was the initial stance of the Pomortsy regarding marriage?
Answer: They denied the sanctity of marriage
Explanation: Initially, the Pomortsy did not recognize the sanctity of marriage, meaning they did not acknowledge church-sanctioned unions.
What does the term *soglasiye* mean in the context of the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church?
Answer: Creed or confession
Explanation: In the context of the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church, *soglasiye* signifies "creed" or "confession."
What is a *lestovka* as depicted in the provided information?
Answer: A prayer rope or bead
Explanation: A *lestovka* is identified as a prayer rope or bead, used in devotional practices.
The term *bespopovtsy* translates to which of the following?
Answer: Priestless
Explanation: The term *bespopovtsy* translates from Russian as "priestless."
What is the Russian name for the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church?
Answer: Drevlepravoslavnaya pomorskaya tserkov
Explanation: The Russian name for the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church is "Drevlepravoslavnaya pomorskaya tserkov."
The "Pomorian Answers" served what purpose for the Pomorian creed?
Answer: To formalize their theological positions
Explanation: The "Pomorian Answers" served to formalize the theological positions and doctrine of the Pomorian creed.
The term "Pomorian" in the church's context is derived from:
Answer: The region of Pomorye
Explanation: The designation "Pomorian" originates from the region of Pomorye, where the church's spiritual center was established.
The term *bespopovtsy* implies that this faction of Old Believers:
Answer: Cease to accept priests from the reformed church
Explanation: The term *bespopovtsy* implies that this faction of Old Believers has ceased to accept priests from the reformed Russian Orthodox Church.
The term *bespopovtsy* implies that this faction of Old Believers:
Answer: Has no ordained clergy and elects lay leaders
Explanation: The term *bespopovtsy* implies that this faction of Old Believers lacks ordained clergy and instead elects literate laypeople to lead their services.
What was the significance of the "Pomorian Answers"?
Answer: They were a compilation forming the basis of the Pomorian creed's doctrine
Explanation: The "Pomorian Answers" were significant as a compilation that formed the foundational doctrine of the Pomorian creed.
Following the 1917 revolution, Pomorian communities outside Russia dissolved their organizational centers.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the 1917 revolution, Pomorian communities outside Russia established organizational centers in their respective countries of residence.
Pomorian Old Orthodox Churches are headed by National Councils and Spiritual Commissions in countries like Germany and France.
Answer: False
Explanation: The listed countries with National Councils and Spiritual Commissions are Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine. Germany and France are not mentioned in this context.
Vladimir Viktorovich Shamarin has been the Chairman of the Russian Council since 2018.
Answer: True
Explanation: Vladimir Viktorovich Shamarin has held the position of Chairman of the Russian Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church since March 2018.
Grigory Boyarov leads the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church of Lithuania and has held the position since 2007.
Answer: True
Explanation: Grigory Boyarov has served as the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church of Lithuania since February 2007.
John Zhilko is the acting Chairman of the Central Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Churches of Latvia since 2021.
Answer: True
Explanation: John Zhilko has been the acting Chairman of the Central Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Churches of Latvia since 2021.
Paul G. Varunin has been the Chairman of the Union of Old Believer Parishes in Estonia since 1998.
Answer: True
Explanation: Paul G. Varunin has served as the Chairman of the Union of Old Believer Parishes in Estonia since 1998.
Mieczyslaw Terent'evich Kaplans heads the Eastern Old-Rite Church in Poland since 2006.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mieczyslaw Terent'evich Kaplans has been the Chairman of the Eastern Old-Rite Church in Poland since July 2006.
Alexander Belov leads the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Churches of the Republic of Belarus since October 2010.
Answer: True
Explanation: Alexander Belov has been the Chairman of the Central Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Churches of the Republic of Belarus since October 2010.
Nicola Venediktovich Babichev has chaired the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Churches of Ukraine since May 2003.
Answer: True
Explanation: Nicola Venediktovich Babichev has served as the Chairman of the Central Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Churches of Ukraine since May 2003.
What impact did the 1917 revolution have on Pomorian communities located outside of Russia?
Answer: They established organizational centers in their countries of residence
Explanation: Following the 1917 revolution, Pomorian communities outside Russia established organizational centers within their respective countries, ensuring continuity.
Which of the following countries is NOT listed as having Pomorian Old Orthodox Churches headed by National Councils and Spiritual Commissions?
Answer: Germany
Explanation: Germany is not listed among the countries where Pomorian Old Orthodox Churches are headed by National Councils and Spiritual Commissions, unlike Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine.
Who is the current Chairman of the Russian Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church?
Answer: Vladimir Viktorovich Shamarin
Explanation: Vladimir Viktorovich Shamarin currently serves as the Chairman of the Russian Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church.
Who has served as the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church of Lithuania since February 2007?
Answer: Grigory Boyarov
Explanation: Grigory Boyarov has been the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church of Lithuania since February 2007.
Who has served as the Chairman of the Union of Old Believer Parishes in Estonia since 1998?
Answer: Paul G. Varunin
Explanation: Paul G. Varunin has been the Chairman of the Union of Old Believer Parishes in Estonia since 1998.
The Church of Our Lady of the Sign in St. Petersburg belongs to the Old-Pomorian Confession.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Church of Our Lady of the Sign in St. Petersburg belongs to the New-Pomorian Confession, not the Old-Pomorian Confession.
As of 2001, Lithuania had fewer than 10,000 Old Believers and 20 registered Pomorian parishes.
Answer: False
Explanation: As of 2001, Lithuania had over 27,000 Old Believers and 59 registered Pomorian parishes, not fewer than 10,000 and 20.
Latvia had 65 officially registered Pomorian Church parishes as of 2021.
Answer: True
Explanation: Data from 2021 indicates that Latvia had 65 officially registered Pomorian Church parishes.
The "See also" section mentions the Pomorian Old Orthodox Church, Filippians, and Fedoseevtsy.
Answer: True
Explanation: The "See also" section lists related topics including Pomors, Filippians, Fedoseevtsy, Old Believers, and the Russian Orthodox Church.
The work by V. S. Baranovsky and G. Potashenko is titled "Old Believers of the Baltics and Poland: a short historical and biographical dictionary."
Answer: True
Explanation: The book by V. S. Baranovsky and G. Potashenko mentioned in the "Further reading" section is indeed titled "Old Believers of the Baltics and Poland: a short historical and biographical dictionary."
The external link Orthodox Wiki provides information about the church's presence in Lithuania.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Orthodox Wiki provides a comprehensive overview of the church, it does not specifically limit its information to the church's presence in Lithuania.
The external link "Pomorian Library" offers resources related to the Pomorian community in English.
Answer: False
Explanation: The external link "Pomorian Library" offers resources in Russian, not English.
The external link "Additional History of Pomorians" suggests it provides further historical details beyond the main article.
Answer: True
Explanation: The external link "Additional History of Pomorians" indicates that it offers supplementary historical information beyond the scope of the primary article.
The work by V. F. Milovidov cited in the "Further reading" section is titled "Drevlepravoslavnaya pomorskaya tserkov (DPTS)".
Answer: True
Explanation: The work by V. F. Milovidov referenced in the "Further reading" section is indeed titled "Drevlepravoslavnaya Pomorskaya Tserkov (DPTS)", which translates to "Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church (DPTS)".
According to 2001 data, how many Old Believers were registered in Lithuania?
Answer: Approximately 27,000
Explanation: As of 2001, Lithuania reported over 27,000 Old Believers, with 59 registered Pomorian parishes.
Which of the following is listed in the "See also" section as a related topic?
Answer: Old Believers
Explanation: The "See also" section includes "Old Believers" as a related topic, alongside others like Pomors, Filippians, and Fedoseevtsy.
As of 2021, how many officially registered Pomorian Church parishes were there in Latvia?
Answer: 65
Explanation: In 2021, Latvia reported having 65 officially registered Pomorian Church parishes.
The external link "Pomorian Library" is provided in which language?
Answer: Russian
Explanation: The external link "Pomorian Library" provides resources in the Russian language.
The work by V. F. Milovidov cited in the "Further reading" section is titled:
Answer: Drevlepravoslavnaya pomorskaya tserkov (DPTS)
Explanation: The work by V. F. Milovidov referenced in the "Further reading" section is titled "Drevlepravoslavnaya pomorskaya tserkov (DPTS)".
The external link "Additional History of Pomorians" suggests:
Answer: It provides further historical details beyond the main article
Explanation: The external link "Additional History of Pomorians" indicates that it offers supplementary historical details beyond the main article's content.