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Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey the Great, was a prominent figure in the late Roman Republic, serving as both a soldier and a politician.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pompey was indeed a significant military and political figure during the late Roman Republic.
Pompey was born in 106 BC in Rome and died in 48 BC in Greece.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pompey was born in 106 BC in Picenum, Italy, and died in 48 BC in Pelusium, Egypt.
Pompey's father, Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, was the first in his family branch to achieve equestrian status.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source states that Pompey's father, Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, was the first in his family branch to achieve senatorial status in Rome.
The cognomen 'Magnus' was bestowed upon Pompey by Julius Caesar in recognition of his military prowess.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that the cognomen 'Magnus' was bestowed upon Pompey by the dictator Sulla, not Julius Caesar.
Pompey's adversaries referred to him as 'adulescentulus carnifex,' meaning 'teenage butcher,' due to his early military actions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pompey's adversaries indeed used the epithet 'adulescentulus carnifex,' translating to 'teenage butcher,' to criticize his early military conduct.
Pompey's early military successes allowed him to bypass the traditional 'cursus honorum' on his path to political office.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pompey's success as a general at a young age enabled him to advance directly to his first consulship without adhering to the standard 'cursus honorum'.
Pompey's father died during the Social War.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pompey's father, Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, died in 87 BC during the Bellum Octavianum civil war, not the Social War.
Pompey was put on trial for embezzlement after his father's death.
Answer: True
Explanation: As his father's legal heir, Pompey faced trial for alleged embezzlement following his father's death.
Pompey raised his own legion and joined Sulla during the civil war in Italy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pompey raised his own legion and actively supported Sulla during the civil war in Italy.
What was the full name of the Roman general commonly known in English as Pompey?
Answer: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Explanation: The Roman general commonly known as Pompey was Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.
According to the source, when and where was Pompey born?
Answer: September 29, 106 BC, in Picenum, Italy
Explanation: Pompey was born on September 29, 106 BC, in Picenum, Italy.
Who was Pompey's father?
Answer: Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
Explanation: Pompey's father was Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo.
What distinguished Pompey's father within his family branch?
Answer: He was the first to achieve senatorial status in Rome.
Explanation: Pompey's father, Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, was the first in his family branch to achieve senatorial status in Rome.
From whom did Pompey receive the cognomen 'Magnus'?
Answer: Sulla
Explanation: Pompey earned the cognomen Magnus from the dictator Sulla.
What nickname did Pompey's adversaries give him, and why?
Answer: 'Adulescentulus carnifex', for his perceived ruthlessness
Explanation: Pompey's adversaries gave him the nickname 'adulescentulus carnifex,' meaning 'teenage butcher,' due to his perceived ruthlessness in his early military actions.
In which major civil war did Pompey first gain prominence as a commander?
Answer: Sulla's Civil War
Explanation: Pompey first rose to prominence by serving Sulla as a commander during Sulla's civil war.
How did Pompey's early military achievements affect his political trajectory?
Answer: His military success allowed him to advance directly to his first consulship.
Explanation: Pompey's success as a general at a young age enabled him to advance directly to his first consulship without adhering to the standard 'cursus honorum'.
How did Pompey's father die?
Answer: He died in 87 BC during the Bellum Octavianum civil war, possibly from disease or murder.
Explanation: Pompey's father died in 87 BC during the Bellum Octavianum civil war, possibly from disease or murder.
What significant military role did Pompey undertake during Sulla's civil war?
Answer: He raised his own legion and joined Sulla.
Explanation: During Sulla's civil war, Pompey raised his own legion and actively supported Sulla.
How did Pompey's military career influence his political path, according to the text?
Answer: It enabled him to bypass traditional political steps and achieve high office early.
Explanation: Pompey's military career enabled him to bypass traditional political steps and achieve high office early in his political path.
Pompey gained significant military command experience during the Punic Wars.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pompey gained significant military experience during the late Roman Republic's conflicts, such as Sulla's civil war and the Social War, not the Punic Wars.
Pompey played a minor role in suppressing the Third Servile War, leaving the main effort to Crassus.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Crassus led the main effort against Spartacus, Pompey claimed credit for concluding the war by defeating the remaining rebels.
Pompey's campaign against the pirates in 67 BC was a lengthy and ultimately unsuccessful endeavor.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pompey's campaign against the pirates in 67 BC was remarkably swift and successful, clearing the seas in three months.
Pompey's reorganization of the East led to a decrease in Roman state income.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pompey's reorganization of the East led to a substantial increase in Roman state income, reportedly raising it from 200 million to 340 million sesterces annually.
Pompey intervened in the Hasmonean Civil War, ultimately making Judea a client kingdom.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pompey intervened in the Hasmonean Civil War, ultimately establishing Judea as a client kingdom.
The Lex Gabinia granted Pompey authority to combat piracy for an extended period across the Mediterranean.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Lex Gabinia granted Pompey extraordinary proconsular authority for three years to suppress piracy throughout the Mediterranean.
Which war involved Pompey massacring 6,000 surviving rebels after its conclusion?
Answer: The Third Servile War
Explanation: Pompey claimed credit for concluding the Third Servile War by massacring 6,000 surviving rebels.
What was the remarkable achievement of Pompey's campaign against the pirates in 67 BC?
Answer: He cleared the seas of pirates in just three months.
Explanation: Pompey's campaign against the pirates in 67 BC was remarkably swift and successful, clearing the seas in three months.
How did Pompey's reorganization of the East impact Roman finances?
Answer: It increased state income from 200 to 340 million sesterces annually.
Explanation: Pompey's reorganization of the East significantly increased Roman state income, reportedly raising it from 200 million to 340 million sesterces annually.
Which region became a client kingdom under Pompey's intervention in its civil war?
Answer: Judea
Explanation: Pompey intervened in the Hasmonean Civil War in Judea, ultimately making it a client kingdom.
What criticism is mentioned regarding Pompey's military tactics?
Answer: His tactics were sometimes criticized as unoriginal.
Explanation: While generally considered a skilled strategist, Pompey's military tactics were sometimes criticized as unoriginal.
Pompey served as Roman consul only once, in 70 BC.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source states Pompey served as Roman consul three times: in 70 BC, 55 BC, and 52 BC.
The First Triumvirate, formed in 60 BC, included Pompey, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Julius Caesar.
Answer: True
Explanation: The First Triumvirate was indeed an informal political alliance formed in 60 BC by Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar.
Pompey maintained his alliance with Julius Caesar throughout his entire political career, even after Julia's death.
Answer: False
Explanation: The alliance between Pompey and Caesar deteriorated following the deaths of Julia and Crassus, leading to their eventual conflict.
Pompey's second consulship in 55 BC was notable for laws that extended his and Crassus' provincial commands.
Answer: True
Explanation: During his second consulship with Crassus, Pompey helped enact legislation that extended their provincial commands and granted them significant powers.
The death of Pompey's wife, Julia, strengthened the First Triumvirate.
Answer: False
Explanation: The death of Julia weakened the First Triumvirate by removing a key link between Pompey and Caesar.
Pompey was married only twice, first to Julia and later to Cornelia Metella.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pompey was married five times, including to Julia, daughter of Julius Caesar, and Cornelia Metella.
Pompey's relationship with Caesar evolved from a political alliance, cemented by marriage, to a direct military conflict.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pompey's relationship with Caesar transformed from an alliance, reinforced by marriage, into a direct military confrontation.
How many times did Pompey hold the office of Roman consul?
Answer: Three times
Explanation: Pompey served as Roman consul three times: in 70 BC, 55 BC, and 52 BC.
Which political alliance did Pompey form in 60 BC?
Answer: The First Triumvirate
Explanation: In 60 BC, Pompey joined Marcus Licinius Crassus and Julius Caesar to form the informal political alliance known as the First Triumvirate.
Who was Pompey's wife that solidified his alliance with Julius Caesar?
Answer: Julia
Explanation: Pompey's marriage to Julia, daughter of Julius Caesar, solidified his alliance with Caesar.
What political faction did Pompey align with after the deaths of Julia and Crassus?
Answer: The Optimates
Explanation: After the deaths of Julia and Crassus, Pompey shifted his political allegiance to the optimates, a conservative faction within the Roman Senate.
What was the significance of the laws enacted during Pompey's second consulship (with Crassus)?
Answer: They extended their provincial commands and granted significant powers.
Explanation: During his second consulship with Crassus, Pompey helped enact legislation that extended their provincial commands and granted them significant powers.
Which event is identified as marking the end of the First Triumvirate?
Answer: The deaths of Julia and Crassus.
Explanation: The deaths of Julia and Crassus removed the personal and political ties that bound the First Triumvirate, leading to increased rivalry.
What was the nature of the First Triumvirate?
Answer: An informal political alliance based on mutual interests.
Explanation: The First Triumvirate was an informal political alliance based on mutual interests among Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar.
How did Pompey's actions during Caesar's consulship in 59 BC benefit their alliance?
Answer: Caesar ensured the ratification of Pompey's eastern settlements.
Explanation: During Caesar's consulship in 59 BC, Caesar ensured the ratification of Pompey's eastern settlements, strengthening their alliance.
What was the significance of Pompey's consulship in 70 BC regarding the tribunes?
Answer: He supported the restoration of powers to the plebeian tribune.
Explanation: During his consulship in 70 BC, Pompey supported the restoration of powers to the plebeian tribune.
The Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC marked a decisive victory for Pompey against Julius Caesar.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC resulted in a decisive victory for Julius Caesar over Pompey's forces.
After his defeat at Pharsalus, Pompey fled to Rome seeking reinforcements.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following his defeat at Pharsalus, Pompey fled to Ptolemaic Egypt, not Rome, seeking refuge.
Pompey served as sole consul in 52 BC to address political instability and enacted laws that potentially jeopardized Caesar's future.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 52 BC, Pompey served as sole consul to restore order and enacted laws that made prosecutions retrospective, potentially threatening Caesar's future.
At the beginning of Caesar's civil war, Pompey commanded the loyalty of the entire Roman Senate.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Pompey had Senate support, the Senate was divided, and his position was not universally loyal at the start of Caesar's civil war.
Pompey withdrew from Italy to Greece to consolidate his forces and build an army after Caesar crossed the Rubicon.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pompey withdrew from Italy to Greece after Caesar crossed the Rubicon, aiming to gather forces and consolidate support from the eastern provinces.
Pompey's assassination in Egypt was carried out by Roman soldiers under his command.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pompey's assassination in Egypt was carried out by Egyptian officers, not Roman soldiers under his command.
Pompey's final burial occurred in Egypt shortly after his assassination.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pompey was buried in Italy at his villa in the Alban Hills after his body was cremated in Egypt.
Where did Pompey meet his end?
Answer: Pelusium, Egypt
Explanation: Pompey met his end in Pelusium, Egypt, where he was assassinated.
What was the primary outcome of the conflict between Pompey and Caesar?
Answer: Pompey was defeated by Caesar at the Battle of Pharsalus.
Explanation: Pompey was defeated by Caesar at the Battle of Pharsalus, marking a critical turning point in their conflict.
Where did Pompey seek refuge after his defeat at Pharsalus?
Answer: Ptolemaic Egypt
Explanation: Following his defeat at Pharsalus, Pompey sought refuge in Ptolemaic Egypt.
What was the effect of the laws Pompey enacted during his sole consulship in 52 BC on Caesar?
Answer: They made prosecutions retrospective, potentially threatening Caesar's future.
Explanation: The laws Pompey enacted during his sole consulship in 52 BC made prosecutions retrospective, potentially threatening Caesar's future.
Why did Pompey withdraw from Italy to Greece at the start of Caesar's civil war?
Answer: To gather forces and consolidate support from eastern provinces.
Explanation: Pompey withdrew from Italy to Greece to gather forces and consolidate support from the eastern provinces, aiming to build an army larger than Caesar's.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Dyrrhachium?
Answer: Pompey successfully blocked Caesar's siege attempt.
Explanation: In the Battle of Dyrrhachium, Pompey successfully blocked Caesar's attempt to capture his main supply base.
What was Pompey's ultimate fate after fleeing to Egypt?
Answer: He was assassinated by Roman officers serving in the Egyptian army.
Explanation: After fleeing to Egypt, Pompey was assassinated by Roman officers serving in the Egyptian army.
Which of the following best describes Pompey's strategic position at the start of Caesar's civil war?
Answer: He had state resources and allies but faced Senate constraints and divisions.
Explanation: At the start of Caesar's civil war, Pompey had state resources and allies but faced Senate constraints and divisions, weakening his overall standing.
What was Pompey's final resting place?
Answer: His villa in the Alban Hills, Italy
Explanation: Pompey's final resting place was his villa in the Alban Hills, Italy.
What event directly preceded Pompey's assassination in Egypt?
Answer: His arrival seeking refuge after fleeing Caesar.
Explanation: Pompey's assassination in Egypt directly followed his arrival seeking refuge after fleeing Caesar.
How did Pompey's relationship with the Senate evolve leading up to Caesar's civil war?
Answer: The Senate increasingly opposed his actions and settlements.
Explanation: The Senate increasingly opposed Pompey's actions and settlements leading up to Caesar's civil war, straining their relationship.
What was Pompey's strategy in Greece against Caesar?
Answer: To blockade Caesar's supply lines and starve his army.
Explanation: Pompey's strategy in Greece was to build a larger army than Caesar's and to starve Caesar's forces into submission by controlling supply lines and naval access.
Pompey celebrated four triumphs during his career.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates Pompey celebrated three triumphs, not four.
The Theatre of Pompey, commissioned by Pompey, was a significant architectural project in Rome.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pompey commissioned significant architectural projects in Rome, most notably the Theatre of Pompey, which included a large portico and the Curia of Pompey.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a major structure commissioned by Pompey in Rome?
Answer: The Pantheon
Explanation: The Pantheon was commissioned by Marcus Agrippa, not Pompey. Pompey commissioned the Theatre of Pompey, its associated portico, and the Curia of Pompey.
Which literary work is mentioned as depicting Pompey's life and career?
Answer: Pharsalia by Lucan
Explanation: Lucan's epic poem 'Pharsalia' is mentioned as a work depicting Pompey's life and career.
Pompey's personal wealth, gained from campaigns and settlements, was used for what purpose?
Answer: To reward troops, build public structures, and establish patronage.
Explanation: Pompey used his considerable wealth to reward his troops, build public structures, and establish a significant patronage base.