Enter a player name to begin or load your saved progress.
Possidius served as the Bishop of Calama, a city in the Roman province of Numidia, a role that typically involves leading a diocese and performing ordinations.
Answer: True
Explanation: Possidius held the ecclesiastical title of Bishop of Calama, a role that entails leading a diocese and performing ordinations, as stated in the source.
Possidius was born in the Roman province of Apulia, located in Southern Italy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates Possidius was born in Northern Africa, not Apulia in Southern Italy.
The precise dates of Possidius's birth and death are well-documented, with his death occurring exactly in 437 AD.
Answer: False
Explanation: The exact dates of Possidius's birth and death are not known; his death is only estimated to be around 437 AD.
Before becoming a bishop, Possidius was one of the clergy of Augustine's monastery.
Answer: True
Explanation: Possidius's own account indicates that he was a member of the clergy in Augustine's monastery prior to his elevation to bishop.
Tillemont estimates Possidius was promoted to the episcopate around 397 AD.
Answer: True
Explanation: The historian Tillemont estimates Possidius's promotion to the episcopate occurred around 397 AD.
After becoming bishop, Possidius established a prominent cathedral in Calama, rather than a monastery.
Answer: False
Explanation: After becoming bishop of Calama, Possidius established a monastery, following Augustine's example, not a prominent cathedral.
The image caption refers to a photograph of the Roman Theatre in Guelma, visually connecting Possidius to his episcopal see in Calama, Numidia.
Answer: True
Explanation: The image caption indeed refers to a photograph of the Roman Theatre in Guelma, which serves as a visual link to Possidius's episcopal see of Calama, Numidia.
What ecclesiastical title did Possidius hold in the Roman province of Numidia?
Answer: Bishop of Calama
Explanation: Possidius served as the Bishop of Calama, a city within the Roman province of Numidia.
According to the provided information, where was Possidius born?
Answer: Northern Africa
Explanation: The source material indicates that Possidius was born in Northern Africa.
What is known about the specific dates of Possidius's birth and death?
Answer: The exact dates of his birth and death are not known.
Explanation: The precise dates of Possidius's birth and death are not recorded, though his death is estimated to be around 437 AD.
Before becoming a bishop, what was Possidius's ecclesiastical position, according to his own account?
Answer: One of the clergy of Augustine's monastery
Explanation: Possidius, in his own writings, indicated that he was part of the clergy at Augustine's monastery before his elevation to bishop.
According to Tillemont, approximately when was Possidius promoted to the episcopate?
Answer: Around 397 AD
Explanation: The historian Tillemont estimates Possidius's promotion to the episcopate occurred around 397 AD.
After becoming bishop of Calama, what significant religious institution did Possidius establish?
Answer: A monastery
Explanation: After becoming Bishop of Calama, Possidius established a monastery, following Augustine's example.
The image caption 'Possidius was bishop of Calama, Numidia' refers to a photograph of what, visually connecting Possidius to his episcopal see?
Answer: The Roman Theatre in Guelma.
Explanation: The image caption refers to a photograph of the Roman Theatre in Guelma, which visually connects Possidius to his episcopal see in Calama, Numidia.
Possidius was a close friend and a theological opponent of Augustine of Hippo.
Answer: False
Explanation: Possidius was a close friend of Augustine of Hippo, but the source does not indicate he was a theological opponent; rather, he was a supporter and biographer.
Possidius's *Vita S. Augustini* records that he maintained an unbroken friendship with Augustine for a period of twenty years.
Answer: False
Explanation: Possidius's *Vita S. Augustini* states that he maintained an unbroken friendship with Augustine for forty years, not twenty.
What was Possidius's relationship with Augustine of Hippo?
Answer: He was Augustine's close friend.
Explanation: Possidius is described as a close friend of Augustine of Hippo.
According to Possidius's *Vita S. Augustini*, for how long did he maintain an unbroken friendship with Augustine?
Answer: Forty years
Explanation: Possidius's *Vita S. Augustini* explicitly states that their unbroken friendship lasted for forty years.
Possidius attempted to resolve the conflict with Crispinus by challenging him to a public discussion at a council in Carthage, which Crispinus accepted.
Answer: False
Explanation: Possidius challenged Crispinus to a public discussion at a council in Carthage, but Crispinus refused the challenge.
In 404 AD, Donatists beat Possidius and threatened his life, and also set fire to a house where he was visiting.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 404 AD, Donatists indeed dragged Possidius from his house, beat him, threatened his life, and set fire to a house he was visiting.
Crispinus was acquitted of all charges after the legal proceedings, as there was insufficient evidence of his involvement in the violence.
Answer: False
Explanation: Crispinus was condemned for heresy and heavily fined after the legal proceedings, not acquitted.
Possidius showed mercy by interceding on behalf of Crispinus, requesting that the heavy fine not be exacted.
Answer: True
Explanation: Possidius demonstrated mercy by interceding for Crispinus, requesting that the substantial fine imposed on him be waived.
In 407 AD, Possidius served on a committee with Augustine and five other bishops to adjudicate an ecclesiastical matter.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 407 AD, Possidius, Augustine, and five other bishops were indeed appointed to a committee to adjudicate an ecclesiastical matter.
Possidius faced a dangerous riot in Calama in 408 AD, which was incited by Donatist factions.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 408 AD, Possidius faced a dangerous riot in Calama, but it was incited by pagans, not Donatist factions.
Possidius was sent to Italy in 409 AD to seek the emperor's protection against the Pelagians.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 409 AD, Possidius was sent to Italy to seek the emperor's protection against the Donatists, not the Pelagians.
Possidius was one of the seven bishops representing the Catholic party at the *collatio* of 411 AD.
Answer: True
Explanation: Possidius was indeed one of the seven bishops chosen to represent the Catholic party at the *collatio* of 411 AD.
At the Council of Milevum in 416 AD, Possidius assisted in addressing a synodal letter to Pope Innocent I regarding Arianism.
Answer: False
Explanation: At the Council of Milevum in 416 AD, Possidius assisted in addressing a synodal letter to Pope Innocent I regarding Pelagianism, not Arianism.
Possidius joined Augustine and three other bishops in sending an additional letter to Pope Innocent I concerning Pelagianism.
Answer: True
Explanation: Possidius, along with Augustine and three other bishops, did send an additional letter to Pope Innocent I regarding Pelagianism.
How did Possidius attempt to resolve the conflict with Crispinus, the Donatist Bishop of Calama, at a council in Carthage?
Answer: He challenged Crispinus to a public discussion.
Explanation: Possidius attempted to resolve the conflict by challenging Crispinus to a public discussion at a council in Carthage.
Which of the following violent acts did Donatist factions commit against Possidius in 404 AD?
Answer: They dragged him from his house, beat him, and set fire to a house he was visiting.
Explanation: In 404 AD, Donatists violently attacked Possidius, beating him and setting fire to a house he was visiting.
What was the outcome of the legal proceedings against Crispinus after the violence against Possidius?
Answer: Crispinus was condemned for heresy and heavily fined.
Explanation: Following the violence, Crispinus was condemned for heresy and subjected to a substantial fine.
How did Possidius respond to the heavy fine imposed on Crispinus?
Answer: He interceded on Crispinus's behalf, requesting the fine not be exacted.
Explanation: Possidius interceded for Crispinus, requesting that the heavy fine not be exacted, demonstrating mercy.
In 407 AD, Possidius served on a committee with Augustine and five other bishops for what purpose?
Answer: To adjudicate an ecclesiastical matter.
Explanation: In 407 AD, Possidius, Augustine, and five other bishops served on a committee appointed to adjudicate an ecclesiastical matter.
In 408 AD, Possidius nearly lost his life in Calama due to a riot incited by which group?
Answer: Pagans
Explanation: Possidius's life was endangered in 408 AD during a riot in Calama incited by pagans.
In 409 AD, Possidius was sent to Italy as one of four bishops to seek the emperor's protection against which group?
Answer: The Donatists
Explanation: In 409 AD, Possidius was dispatched to Italy to seek imperial protection against the Donatists.
At the *collatio* of 411 AD, Possidius played what significant role?
Answer: He was one of the seven bishops representing the Catholic party.
Explanation: Possidius was among the seven bishops who represented the Catholic party at the *collatio* of 411 AD.
At the Council of Milevum in 416 AD, Possidius assisted in addressing a synodal letter to Pope Innocent I concerning which theological doctrine?
Answer: Pelagianism
Explanation: At the Council of Milevum in 416 AD, Possidius assisted in drafting a synodal letter to Pope Innocent I concerning Pelagianism.
Beyond the Council of Milevum, what further action did Possidius take with Augustine and other bishops concerning Pelagianism?
Answer: They sent an additional letter to Pope Innocent I on the subject.
Explanation: Possidius, Augustine, and other bishops sent an additional letter to Pope Innocent I regarding Pelagianism.
Possidius died around 437 AD in Apulia, a region in Southern Italy, after being expelled from his see.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that Possidius died around 437 AD in Apulia, Southern Italy, following his expulsion from his see by the Vandal king Gaiseric.
During the Vandal invasion, Possidius sought refuge in Carthage, where he witnessed the death of Augustine.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Vandal invasion, Possidius sought refuge in Hippo, not Carthage, where he was present at Augustine's death.
According to Prosper's Chronicle, Possidius was persecuted and expelled from his see by Gaiseric, the Vandal king, in 437 AD.
Answer: True
Explanation: Prosper's Chronicle confirms that Possidius was persecuted and expelled from his see by Gaiseric, the Vandal king, in 437 AD.
Gaiseric, the Vandal king, was a staunch supporter of orthodox Catholicism.
Answer: False
Explanation: Gaiseric, the Vandal king, was an Arian, not a supporter of orthodox Catholicism.
Possidius died in Northern Africa shortly after his expulsion by Gaiseric.
Answer: False
Explanation: Possidius died in Apulia, Southern Italy, shortly after his expulsion by Gaiseric, not in Northern Africa.
Around what year and in which region did Possidius die?
Answer: 437 AD in Apulia
Explanation: Possidius is estimated to have died around 437 AD in Apulia, Southern Italy.
During the Vandal invasion of Africa, where did Possidius seek refuge, and what significant event did he witness there?
Answer: Hippo, where he was present at the death of Augustine.
Explanation: During the Vandal invasion, Possidius sought refuge in Hippo, where he witnessed the death of Augustine.
According to Prosper's Chronicle, what persecution did Possidius face in 437 AD?
Answer: He was persecuted and expelled from his see by Gaiseric.
Explanation: Prosper's Chronicle records that Possidius was persecuted and expelled from his see by Gaiseric, the Vandal king, in 437 AD.
What was the religious affiliation of Gaiseric, the Vandal king who persecuted Possidius?
Answer: Arian
Explanation: Gaiseric, the Vandal king, was an adherent of Arianism.
After his expulsion by Gaiseric, where did Possidius die?
Answer: Apulia, Southern Italy
Explanation: Possidius died in Apulia, Southern Italy, shortly after his expulsion by Gaiseric.
Possidius authored a biography of Augustine, *Vita S. Augustini*, and an *indiculus* listing Augustine's works.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Possidius authored both the *Vita S. Augustini* and an *indiculus* of Augustine's works.
The *Vita S. Augustini* is a biography of Saint Augustine, composed by Possidius after the capture of Carthage in 439 AD.
Answer: False
Explanation: The *Vita S. Augustini* was composed by Possidius *before* the capture of Carthage in 439 AD.
Possidius's *Vita S. Augustini* is included in all editions of Augustine's works and in Hurter's 'Opusc. SS. Patr.'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Vita S. Augustini* is indeed included in all editions of Augustine's works and in Hurter's 'Opusc. SS. Patr.'.
Possidius's *indiculus* is a detailed theological treatise on Pelagianism.
Answer: False
Explanation: Possidius's *indiculus* is a list of Augustine's works, not a detailed theological treatise on Pelagianism.
The *indiculus* can be found in the last volume of Migne's edition of Augustine's works and in the tenth volume of the Benedictine edition.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *indiculus* is indeed located in the last volume of Migne's edition and the tenth volume of the Benedictine edition of Augustine's works.
Which two literary works did Possidius author about Augustine of Hippo?
Answer: *Vita S. Augustini* and an *indiculus* of Augustine's works
Explanation: Possidius authored the biography *Vita S. Augustini* and an *indiculus* (list) of Augustine's works.
What is the *Vita S. Augustini*, and when was it composed by Possidius?
Answer: A biography of Saint Augustine, composed before the capture of Carthage in 439 AD.
Explanation: The *Vita S. Augustini* is a biography of Saint Augustine, which Possidius composed before Carthage was captured in 439 AD.
In which publications can Possidius's *Vita S. Augustini* be found?
Answer: In all editions of Augustine's works and Hurter's 'Opusc. SS. Patr.'.
Explanation: Possidius's *Vita S. Augustini* is included in all editions of Augustine's works and in Hurter's 'Opusc. SS. Patr.'.
What is Possidius's *indiculus*?
Answer: A list of Augustine's works.
Explanation: Possidius's *indiculus* is a list, or index, of Augustine's works.
Where can Possidius's *indiculus* be accessed in published editions?
Answer: In the last volume of Migne's edition and the tenth volume of the Benedictine edition.
Explanation: The *indiculus* is found in the last volume of Migne's edition and the tenth volume of the Benedictine edition of Augustine's works.
Possidius is venerated as a saint exclusively within the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Answer: False
Explanation: Possidius is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, not exclusively the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Pope Innocent I canonized Possidius on August 19, 1672, recognizing him as a saint.
Answer: False
Explanation: Possidius was canonized on August 19, 1672, but by Pope Clement X, not Pope Innocent I.
Saint Possidius's feast day is observed annually on May 16.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source explicitly states that Saint Possidius's feast day is observed on May 16.
Devotion to Possidius was officially confirmed on August 19, 1672.
Answer: True
Explanation: The devotion to Possidius was officially confirmed on August 19, 1672, as stated in the source.
Pope Clement X confirmed the devotion to Possidius.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pope Clement X was the pontiff who confirmed the devotion to Possidius.
Alypius of Thagaste, a friend of Saint Augustine, had his devotion confirmed alongside Possidius.
Answer: True
Explanation: Alypius of Thagaste, a fellow North African bishop and friend of Saint Augustine, had his devotion confirmed at the same time as Possidius.
In which Christian church is Possidius venerated as a saint?
Answer: The Catholic Church
Explanation: Possidius is venerated as a saint within the Catholic Church.
Who officially canonized Possidius on August 19, 1672?
Answer: Pope Clement X
Explanation: Pope Clement X officially canonized Possidius on August 19, 1672.
What is the designated feast day for Saint Possidius?
Answer: May 16
Explanation: Saint Possidius's feast day is observed annually on May 16.
When was devotion to Possidius officially confirmed?
Answer: 1672 AD
Explanation: Devotion to Possidius was officially confirmed in 1672 AD.
Who confirmed the devotion to Possidius?
Answer: Pope Clement X
Explanation: Pope Clement X was responsible for confirming the devotion to Possidius.
Which other North African bishop had his devotion confirmed alongside Possidius?
Answer: Alypius of Thagaste
Explanation: Alypius of Thagaste, a friend of Saint Augustine, had his devotion confirmed concurrently with Possidius.