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The official title of the head of state of Lebanon in Arabic is 'Malik al-Lubnan'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The official Arabic title for the head of state of Lebanon is 'Ra’īs al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lubnāniyyah', not 'Malik al-Lubnan'.
The President of Lebanon is directly elected by popular vote.
Answer: False
Explanation: The President of Lebanon is elected by the Parliament of Lebanon through a secret ballot, not by direct popular vote.
The standard term length for the President of Lebanon is five years.
Answer: False
Explanation: The standard term length for the President of Lebanon is six years.
A Lebanese President can be immediately reelected for a consecutive term.
Answer: False
Explanation: A President of Lebanon cannot be immediately reelected for a consecutive term; their term can only be renewed non-consecutively after a six-year interval.
To be President of Lebanon, one must meet the same constitutional qualifications as a member of Parliament, including being at least twenty-one years old.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Lebanese constitution requires presidential candidates to possess the same qualifications as members of Parliament, which include being at least twenty-one years of age and holding Lebanese citizenship.
In Lebanon's parliamentary republic, the President holds absolute executive power.
Answer: False
Explanation: In Lebanon's parliamentary republic, the President shares executive power with the Council of Ministers and does not hold absolute executive authority.
The President of Lebanon is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces but operates under the authority of the Council of Ministers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The President serves as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, but this role is exercised under the authority of the Council of Ministers.
The Taif Agreement increased the President's powers while reducing those of the Council of Ministers.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Taif Agreement reduced the President's powers and increased those of the Council of Ministers.
A presidential election session requires a two-thirds majority to convene, according to the constitution.
Answer: False
Explanation: The constitution is silent on the specific quorum required to convene a presidential election session, leading to differing interpretations regarding the necessary majority.
The Lebanese constitution provides for an 'interim president' to fill a vacancy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Lebanese constitution does not provide for an 'interim president'; instead, the Council of Ministers exercises presidential authorities by delegation in case of a vacancy.
Article 50 of the Lebanese constitution outlines the requirement for the president to take an oath upon assuming office.
Answer: True
Explanation: Article 50 of the Lebanese constitution mandates that the president take an oath upon assuming office, affirming commitment to the constitution and national integrity.
What is the official Arabic title for the President of Lebanon?
Answer: Ra’īs al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lubnāniyyah
Explanation: The official Arabic title for the President of Lebanon is 'Ra’īs al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lubnāniyyah'.
According to the source, how is the President of Lebanon elected?
Answer: By the Parliament of Lebanon through a secret ballot.
Explanation: The President of Lebanon is elected by the Parliament of Lebanon via a secret ballot process.
What is the standard duration of a presidential term in Lebanon?
Answer: Six years
Explanation: The standard term length for the President of Lebanon is six years.
Which statement accurately describes the rules regarding immediate reelection for a Lebanese President?
Answer: A president cannot be immediately reelected and must wait a full term.
Explanation: A Lebanese President is ineligible for immediate reelection to a consecutive term; renewal of service requires a full term to elapse.
Which of the following is NOT a constitutional qualification required to be President of Lebanon?
Answer: Must have served previously in Parliament.
Explanation: While the president must meet the same qualifications as a member of Parliament (including age and citizenship), prior service in Parliament is not a mandatory constitutional qualification.
In Lebanon's parliamentary republic, what best describes the President's role?
Answer: Largely symbolic, sharing powers with the Council of Ministers.
Explanation: Within Lebanon's parliamentary republic, the President's role is largely symbolic, characterized by shared executive powers with the Council of Ministers.
Which of the following is a key responsibility of the President of Lebanon as outlined in the constitution?
Answer: Appointing the Prime Minister-designate after consultations.
Explanation: A key constitutional responsibility of the President is to appoint the Prime Minister-designate following consultations with parliamentary blocs.
How did the Taif Agreement impact the powers within the Lebanese government structure?
Answer: It reduced the President's powers and increased the Council of Ministers' powers.
Explanation: The Taif Agreement resulted in a redistribution of power, diminishing the President's authority while augmenting that of the Council of Ministers.
What majority is required to elect a Lebanese President in the first round of voting, according to the procedure?
Answer: A two-thirds majority.
Explanation: A two-thirds majority of votes is required to elect the Lebanese President in the first round of voting.
What does the Lebanese constitution state regarding the quorum for convening a parliamentary presidential election meeting?
Answer: It is silent on the specific quorum needed.
Explanation: The Lebanese constitution does not specify a quorum for convening a parliamentary presidential election meeting, leading to varied interpretations.
If the Lebanese presidency becomes vacant, who exercises presidential authorities according to Article 62?
Answer: The Council of Ministers by delegation.
Explanation: Article 62 of the Lebanese constitution stipulates that the Council of Ministers shall exercise presidential authorities by delegation in the event of a vacancy.
The first Lebanese constitution was promulgated in 1943.
Answer: False
Explanation: The first Lebanese constitution was promulgated on May 23, 1926, not in 1943.
The 1926 Lebanese constitution initially established a unicameral parliament.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1926 Lebanese constitution initially established a bicameral parliament, comprising a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate.
Charles Debbas was the first President of Lebanon, elected shortly after the constitution's adoption in 1926.
Answer: True
Explanation: Charles Debbas was indeed the first President of Lebanon, elected three days after the promulgation of the 1926 Constitution.
During the French mandate, the French High Commissioner had no influence over presidential elections.
Answer: False
Explanation: The French High Commissioner wielded significant influence over presidential elections during the mandate period, capable of actions such as suspending the constitution or extending presidential terms.
Émile Eddé was elected president in 1936 and later partially reestablished the 1926 Constitution.
Answer: True
Explanation: Émile Eddé was elected president in 1936 and subsequently took steps to partially reinstate the 1926 Constitution.
World War II led to the appointment of Alfred Naqqache as president by the French High Commissioner.
Answer: True
Explanation: During World War II, Alfred Naqqache was appointed president by the French High Commissioner.
Lebanon unilaterally declared independence from the French mandate in 1943, leading to the immediate release of the imprisoned government and restoration of President Eddé.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Lebanon unilaterally declared independence in 1943, the government was imprisoned by the French, and upon release under Allied pressure, President Bechara El Khoury was restored, not Eddé.
When was the first constitution of Lebanon promulgated?
Answer: 1926
Explanation: The first constitution of Lebanon was promulgated on May 23, 1926.
What was the initial structure of the parliament established by the 1926 Lebanese constitution?
Answer: A bicameral parliament with a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate.
Explanation: The 1926 Lebanese constitution initially established a bicameral parliament, consisting of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate.
Who was the first President of Lebanon after the adoption of the 1926 Constitution?
Answer: Charles Debbas
Explanation: Charles Debbas was elected as the first President of Lebanon shortly after the adoption of the 1926 Constitution.
How did the French High Commissioner exert influence over presidential elections during the mandate period?
Answer: By suspending the constitution or extending terms.
Explanation: The French High Commissioner could influence presidential elections by measures such as suspending the constitution or extending existing presidential terms.
Which president, elected in 1936, partially reestablished the 1926 Constitution before it was suspended again due to World War II?
Answer: Émile Eddé
Explanation: Émile Eddé, elected in 1936, partially reinstated the 1926 Constitution before its subsequent suspension during World War II.
What significant event occurred in 1943 related to Lebanon's independence?
Answer: The newly elected government unilaterally abolished the French mandate.
Explanation: In 1943, the newly elected Lebanese government took the decisive step of unilaterally abolishing the French mandate, asserting national independence.
By convention, the President of Lebanon is typically a Sunni Muslim.
Answer: False
Explanation: By convention, established by the National Pact, the President of Lebanon is always a Maronite Christian.
The National Pact of 1943 is a formal written constitution that outlines the distribution of political offices.
Answer: False
Explanation: The National Pact of 1943 is an unwritten understanding, not a formal written constitution, that established a confessional distribution of key political offices.
The National Pact of 1943 designated the Prime Minister position for a Maronite Christian and the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies for a Sunni Muslim.
Answer: False
Explanation: The National Pact of 1943 stipulated that the Prime Minister should be a Sunni Muslim and the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies should be a Shia Muslim, contrary to the statement.
In September 1988, President Amine Gemayel appointed General Michel Aoun as Prime Minister, adhering to the National Pact's requirement for a Sunni Muslim.
Answer: False
Explanation: President Amine Gemayel's appointment of General Michel Aoun as Prime Minister in September 1988 broke tradition, as the National Pact customarily designated the Prime Minister position for a Sunni Muslim.
The practice of distributing political offices based on sectarian proportions was weakened during the French mandate.
Answer: False
Explanation: The practice of distributing political offices according to sectarian proportions was strengthened during the French mandate period, not weakened.
What is the customary religious affiliation for the President of Lebanon, as established by the National Pact?
Answer: Maronite Christian
Explanation: The National Pact establishes the convention that the President of Lebanon must be a Maronite Christian.
What is the National Pact of 1943?
Answer: An unwritten understanding that established a confessional distribution of key political offices.
Explanation: The National Pact of 1943 is an unwritten political agreement that formalized the confessional distribution of key governmental positions in Lebanon.
According to the National Pact of 1943, which religious group is customarily assigned the role of Prime Minister?
Answer: Sunni Muslim
Explanation: The National Pact of 1943 customarily assigns the position of Prime Minister to a member of the Sunni Muslim community.
What was unusual about President Amine Gemayel's appointment of General Michel Aoun as Prime Minister in September 1988?
Answer: It broke tradition by not reserving the post for a Sunni Muslim.
Explanation: The appointment of General Michel Aoun as Prime Minister by Amine Gemayel broke with the National Pact's tradition of assigning the Prime Ministership to a Sunni Muslim.
Historically, during which period was the practice of distributing political offices according to sectarian proportions strengthened?
Answer: During the French mandate period.
Explanation: The practice of sectarian distribution of political offices was significantly strengthened during the French mandate period.
President Bechara El Khoury resigned in 1952 due to widespread support from traditional Za'im leaders.
Answer: False
Explanation: President Bechara El Khoury resigned in 1952 due to widespread demonstrations stemming from opposition by traditional Za'im leaders whose powers his policies had impinged upon.
Fouad Chehab played a role in the 1952 political crisis by ordering the army to suppress the uprising.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the 1952 crisis, Fouad Chehab refused to order the army to suppress the uprising, which contributed to President Bechara El Khoury's resignation.
Camille Chamoun's presidency was marked by an economic downturn and a decentralization of power.
Answer: False
Explanation: Camille Chamoun's presidency was characterized by an economic boom and a concentration of power, rather than an economic downturn and decentralization.
The 1958 Lebanon crisis involved an uprising supported by Gamal Abdel Nasser against President Camille Chamoun.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1958 Lebanon crisis was fueled by an uprising supported by Gamal Abdel Nasser, targeting President Camille Chamoun's administration.
Fouad Chehab was elected president in 1958 as a candidate favored by the Pan-Arabists.
Answer: False
Explanation: Fouad Chehab was elected president in 1958 as a compromise candidate, not specifically favored by Pan-Arabists, aiming to restore stability.
The Six-Day War of 1967 caused sectarian harmony in Lebanon, with both Muslim and Christian communities supporting neutrality.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Six-Day War of 1967 strained sectarian relations in Lebanon, as Muslim communities generally favored joining the Arab war effort, while Christian communities preferred neutrality.
During Michel Helou's term, the presence of armed Palestinian guerrillas challenged government authority and led to frequent clashes with the Lebanese army.
Answer: True
Explanation: The presence of armed Palestinian guerrillas during Michel Helou's presidency significantly challenged government authority and resulted in frequent confrontations with the Lebanese army.
Suleiman Frangieh was elected President in 1970, defeating Elias Sarkis who was endorsed by the outgoing president.
Answer: True
Explanation: Suleiman Frangieh was elected President in 1970, narrowly defeating Elias Sarkis, who had been endorsed by the outgoing president Michel Helou.
The Lebanese Civil War began in 1976.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Lebanese Civil War commenced on April 13, 1975, not in 1976.
The Constitutional Document proposed in 1976 aimed to empower the Prime Minister and establish parity between Christians and Muslims in Parliament.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Constitutional Document proposed in 1976 sought to empower the Prime Minister and establish parity between Christians and Muslims in Parliament.
Elias Sarkis was elected president in 1976, largely due to his support from the Maronite Phalange party.
Answer: False
Explanation: Elias Sarkis was elected president in 1976, primarily supported by the Chehabists, not the Maronite Phalange party.
Bachir Gemayel was elected President in August 1982 but was assassinated before taking office.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bachir Gemayel was elected President in August 1982 but tragically assassinated before he could assume office.
Amine Gemayel succeeded his brother, Bachir Gemayel, as President of Lebanon.
Answer: True
Explanation: Amine Gemayel succeeded his brother, Bachir Gemayel, as President of Lebanon following Bachir's assassination.
Why did President Bechara El Khoury resign in September 1952?
Answer: His policies impinged upon traditional Za'im leaders, leading to widespread demonstrations.
Explanation: President Bechara El Khoury resigned in 1952 due to widespread demonstrations resulting from opposition by traditional Za'im leaders whose influence his policies had challenged.
What action did Fouad Chehab take during the political crisis of 1952 that led to President El Khoury's resignation?
Answer: He refused to allow the army to interfere in the uprising.
Explanation: Fouad Chehab's refusal to deploy the army against the 1952 uprising was a critical factor contributing to President El Khoury's resignation.
Which of the following characterized Camille Chamoun's presidency?
Answer: An economic boom and concentration of power.
Explanation: Camille Chamoun's presidency was marked by a significant economic boom and a tendency towards concentrating power within the presidency.
The 1958 Lebanon crisis was partly triggered by President Camille Chamoun's attempt to do what?
Answer: Amend the constitution for reelection.
Explanation: President Camille Chamoun's attempt to amend the constitution to allow for his reelection was a significant factor contributing to the 1958 Lebanon crisis.
Who was elected president in 1958 as a compromise candidate amidst the political crisis?
Answer: Fouad Chehab
Explanation: Fouad Chehab was elected president in 1958, serving as a compromise candidate intended to stabilize the nation following the crisis.
What major international event during Michel Helou's presidency strained sectarian relations in Lebanon?
Answer: The Six-Day War of 1967
Explanation: The Six-Day War of 1967 significantly strained sectarian relations within Lebanon, exacerbating existing tensions.
The presence of armed Palestinian guerrillas during Michel Helou's term led to what?
Answer: Challenges to government authority and clashes with the Lebanese army.
Explanation: The presence of armed Palestinian guerrillas during Michel Helou's presidency resulted in challenges to government authority and frequent clashes with the Lebanese army.
When did the Lebanese Civil War officially begin?
Answer: April 13, 1975
Explanation: The Lebanese Civil War officially commenced on April 13, 1975.
What was the primary goal of the Constitutional Document proposed in 1976 during the Civil War?
Answer: To empower the prime minister and create parity between Muslims and Christians in Parliament.
Explanation: The 1976 Constitutional Document aimed to empower the Prime Minister and establish parity between Muslim and Christian representation in Parliament.
Who was elected president in 1976, with the hope of uniting warring factions during the civil war?
Answer: Elias Sarkis
Explanation: Elias Sarkis was elected president in 1976, with expectations that he could foster unity among the warring factions and end the civil war.
What happened to Bachir Gemayel after being elected President of Lebanon in August 1982?
Answer: He was assassinated before he could take office.
Explanation: Bachir Gemayel was elected President in August 1982 but was assassinated shortly thereafter, before assuming the duties of the office.
Who succeeded Bachir Gemayel as president?
Answer: Amine Gemayel
Explanation: Amine Gemayel succeeded his brother, Bachir Gemayel, as President of Lebanon.
Joseph Aoun is the current President of the Lebanese Republic, having assumed office on January 9, 2025.
Answer: True
Explanation: The provided information identifies Joseph Aoun as the current President of the Lebanese Republic, assuming office on January 9, 2025.
The Lebanese Civil War ended in 1990 when General Michel Aoun surrendered after an attack on the presidential palace.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Lebanese Civil War concluded in 1990 following General Michel Aoun's surrender after an assault on the presidential palace.
René Moawad was elected President following the Taif Agreement in November 1989.
Answer: True
Explanation: René Moawad was elected President of Lebanon on November 5, 1989, subsequent to the Taif Agreement.
President René Moawad was killed by a sniper's bullet seventeen days after his election.
Answer: False
Explanation: President René Moawad was killed by a car bomb detonation seventeen days after his election, not by a sniper's bullet.
Elias Hrawi was elected President on November 24, 1989, succeeding René Moawad.
Answer: True
Explanation: Elias Hrawi was elected President by parliament on November 24, 1989, following the assassination of René Moawad.
Emile Lahoud's presidency in 1998 was facilitated by a constitutional amendment allowing former army commanders to run for the office.
Answer: True
Explanation: A constitutional amendment in 1998 permitted former army commanders to contest the presidency, which facilitated Emile Lahoud's election.
Emile Lahoud's presidency saw him align with Rafiq Hariri and appoint his rival as prime minister.
Answer: False
Explanation: Emile Lahoud's presidency involved aligning with Hezbollah and appointing Selim al-Hoss as prime minister, which created tension with Rafiq Hariri.
Following Emile Lahoud's term, the presidency remained vacant for over a year before Michel Suleiman was elected.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following Emile Lahoud's term, the presidency was vacant for six months before Michel Suleiman was elected, not over a year.
The Lebanese presidency was vacant for approximately two and a half years between May 2014 and October 2016.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Lebanese presidency experienced a vacancy of approximately two and a half years from May 2014 until October 2016.
Michel Aoun was elected President of Lebanon on October 31, 2016.
Answer: True
Explanation: Michel Aoun was elected President of Lebanon on October 31, 2016.
Who is identified as the current President of the Lebanese Republic in the provided text?
Answer: Joseph Aoun
Explanation: The provided text identifies Joseph Aoun as the current President of the Lebanese Republic.
How did the Lebanese Civil War conclude in 1990?
Answer: General Michel Aoun surrendered after an attack on the presidential palace.
Explanation: The Lebanese Civil War concluded in 1990 when General Michel Aoun surrendered following an assault on the presidential palace.
Who was elected President of Lebanon on November 5, 1989, following the Taif Agreement?
Answer: René Moawad
Explanation: René Moawad was elected President of Lebanon on November 5, 1989, in the aftermath of the Taif Agreement.
What fate befell President René Moawad shortly after his election in November 1989?
Answer: He was killed when a car bomb detonated near his motorcade.
Explanation: Seventeen days after his election in November 1989, President René Moawad was assassinated when a car bomb exploded near his motorcade.
Who was elected President by parliament on November 24, 1989, after René Moawad's death?
Answer: Elias Hrawi
Explanation: Elias Hrawi was elected President by parliament on November 24, 1989, succeeding René Moawad.
What constitutional change in 1998 paved the way for Emile Lahoud to run for president?
Answer: The constitution was amended to allow army commanders to run.
Explanation: A constitutional amendment in 1998 permitted the army commander-in-chief to run for the presidency, enabling Emile Lahoud's candidacy.
How did Emile Lahoud's presidency align with Hezbollah?
Answer: He aligned with Hezbollah and appointed his own candidate as prime minister.
Explanation: Emile Lahoud aligned with Hezbollah during his presidency and appointed Selim al-Hoss, his preferred candidate, as prime minister.
What happened to the presidency after Emile Lahoud's term ended in 2007?
Answer: The office remained vacant for six months before Michel Suleiman was elected.
Explanation: After Emile Lahoud's term concluded in 2007, the presidency remained vacant for six months until Michel Suleiman was elected.
Approximately how long was the Lebanese presidency vacant between May 2014 and October 2016?
Answer: Two and a half years
Explanation: The Lebanese presidency was vacant for approximately two and a half years between May 2014 and October 2016.
Who was elected President of Lebanon on October 31, 2016?
Answer: Michel Aoun
Explanation: Michel Aoun was elected President of Lebanon on October 31, 2016.
Baabda Palace is the official presidential residence, while Beiteddine Palace serves as the official summer residence.
Answer: True
Explanation: Baabda Palace functions as the official presidential residence, and Beiteddine Palace is designated as the official summer residence.
The President of Lebanon receives an annual salary of L£225,000,000.
Answer: True
Explanation: The annual salary designated for the President of Lebanon is L£225,000,000.
The official website for the President of the Lebanese Republic is presidency.gov.lb.
Answer: True
Explanation: The official web presence for the President of the Lebanese Republic is maintained at presidency.gov.lb.
Baabda Palace was destroyed by Israeli forces during the civil war.
Answer: False
Explanation: Baabda Palace was heavily damaged by Syrian troops in 1990 during the conflict that concluded the civil war, not by Israeli forces.
Where is the official presidential residence of Lebanon located?
Answer: Baabda Palace
Explanation: The official presidential residence of Lebanon is Baabda Palace.
What type of vehicle serves as the official state car for the President of Lebanon?
Answer: A W221 Mercedes-Benz S 600 Guard armored limousine
Explanation: The official state car for the President of Lebanon is a W221 Mercedes-Benz S 600 Guard armored limousine.
What is the salary of the President of Lebanon?
Answer: L£225,000,000
Explanation: The annual salary for the President of Lebanon is L£225,000,000.
What is the official website address for the President of the Lebanese Republic?
Answer: presidency.gov.lb
Explanation: The official website for the President of the Lebanese Republic is presidency.gov.lb.
What happened to Baabda Palace, the president's residence, during the civil war?
Answer: It was heavily damaged by Syrian troops in 1990.
Explanation: Baabda Palace sustained heavy damage from Syrian troops in 1990 during the final stages of the civil war.