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The Principality of Achaea, also known as Morea, was established as a direct consequence of the First Crusade.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Principality of Achaea was established in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade (1204), not the First Crusade.
Initially, the Principality of Achaea was a vassal state to the Despotate of Epirus.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following its establishment, the Principality of Achaea was initially a vassal state to the Kingdom of Thessalonica, not the Despotate of Epirus.
Following the fall of Thessalonica in 1224, the Principality of Achaea became the dominant power in Greece.
Answer: True
Explanation: After Thessalonica fell to Epirus in 1224, the Principality of Achaea rose to become the dominant power within Greece, maintaining this position for an extended period.
The Principality of Achaea was founded in 1205 by Geoffrey I of Villehardouin and Boniface of Montferrat.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Principality of Achaea was founded in 1205 by William of Champlitte and Geoffrey I of Villehardouin. Boniface of Montferrat was the King of Thessalonica, for whom the conquest was undertaken.
The Frankish military force that conquered the Peloponnese numbered around 1,000 knights.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Frankish military force that conquered the Peloponnese was significantly smaller, numbering no more than 100 knights and 500 foot soldiers.
The Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouros was insignificant in securing Frankish control over the Morea.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouros was a pivotal victory that secured Frankish control over the Morea, making it a significant event.
The Principality of Achaea was located on the island of Crete.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Principality of Achaea was located on the Peloponnese peninsula, not the island of Crete.
The Principality of Achaea bordered the Kingdom of France to the north.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Principality of Achaea bordered the Despotate of Epirus and the Duchy of Athens to the north, not the Kingdom of France.
The Principality of Achaea was established following which major historical event?
Answer: The Fourth Crusade and the capture of Constantinople
Explanation: The Principality of Achaea was established as a consequence of the Fourth Crusade, which led to the dismantling of the Byzantine Empire and the creation of new Latin states.
Who were the principal founders of the Principality of Achaea in 1205?
Answer: William of Champlitte and Geoffrey I of Villehardouin
Explanation: The Principality of Achaea was founded in 1205 by William of Champlitte and Geoffrey I of Villehardouin, acting on behalf of Boniface of Montferrat.
After the fall of Thessalonica in 1224, the Principality of Achaea achieved what status in Greece?
Answer: It rose to become the dominant power within Greece.
Explanation: Following the fall of Thessalonica in 1224, the Principality of Achaea ascended to become the dominant political power in Greece.
What was the approximate size of the Frankish military force that conquered the Peloponnese?
Answer: No more than 100 knights and 500 foot soldiers
Explanation: The Frankish force that conquered the Peloponnese was relatively small, consisting of no more than 100 knights and 500 foot soldiers.
The Principality of Achaea was located on which peninsula?
Answer: The Peloponnese peninsula
Explanation: The Principality of Achaea was situated on the Peloponnese peninsula, a region historically known as the Morea.
Which entity bordered the Principality of Achaea to the north, along with the Duchy of Athens?
Answer: The Despotate of Epirus
Explanation: The Principality of Achaea bordered the Despotate of Epirus and the Duchy of Athens to the north.
Andravida served as the original capital of the Principality of Achaea.
Answer: True
Explanation: The original capital of the Principality of Achaea was situated at Andravida.
The land of Achaea was divided into ten temporal baronies under Latin rule.
Answer: False
Explanation: The land of Achaea was divided into twelve temporal baronies under Latin rule.
The Archbishop of Patras received eight estates as knightly fiefs.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Latin Archbishop of Patras was granted eight estates as knightly fiefs, reflecting the ecclesiastical land distribution within the principality.
The secular barons of Achaea possessed limited powers, unable to construct castles without the Prince's permission.
Answer: False
Explanation: The secular barons of Achaea held considerable powers, including the right to construct castles without the Prince's explicit permission, indicating a decentralized authority.
The High Court in Achaea was presided over by the Prince and served as an advisory body.
Answer: True
Explanation: The High Court, presided over by the Prince, functioned as the primary advisory council and judicial body for matters of feudal law within the Principality of Achaea.
Frankish barons were obligated to provide twelve months of military service annually.
Answer: False
Explanation: Frankish barons were obligated to provide four months of military service and an additional four months of garrison duty annually.
The *Assizes of Romania* were a legal code unique to the Principality of Achaea, blending Byzantine and French law.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Assizes of Romania* constituted a unique legal code developed within the Principality of Achaea, integrating elements from both Byzantine and French legal traditions.
Byzantine administrative titles like *logothetes* were completely abolished under Latin rule.
Answer: False
Explanation: Byzantine administrative titles, such as *logothetes*, were retained and adapted within the Principality's government, integrating them into Western feudal concepts.
The Lower Court, known as *la Court de la Borgesie*, handled matters of high treason.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Lower Court, *la Court de la Borgesie*, was responsible for adjudicating matters pertaining to common law, not high treason.
The Prince of Achaea held absolute sovereign power over the secular barons.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Prince of Achaea was more of a "first among equals" due to the significant powers held by the twelve secular barons, rather than possessing absolute sovereign power.
The *Assizes of Romania* integrated elements from Germanic and French law.
Answer: False
Explanation: The *Assizes of Romania* integrated elements from Byzantine and French law, not Germanic law.
What was the original capital city of the Principality of Achaea?
Answer: Andravida
Explanation: Andravida served as the original capital city of the Principality of Achaea.
How many temporal baronies were established in the Principality of Achaea?
Answer: Twelve
Explanation: The territory of Achaea was divided into twelve temporal baronies, forming a key component of its feudal structure.
What was the role of the High Court in the Principality of Achaea?
Answer: To adjudicate matters concerning feudal law and advise the Prince.
Explanation: The High Court served as the Prince's advisory body and adjudicated matters concerning feudal law within the principality.
What were the annual military obligations for Frankish barons in Achaea?
Answer: Four months of military service and four months of garrison duty
Explanation: Frankish barons were obligated to provide four months of military service and four months of garrison duty annually.
The *Assizes of Romania* served as the legal code for which region?
Answer: The Principality of Achaea
Explanation: The *Assizes of Romania* served as the legal code specifically for the Principality of Achaea.
Which Byzantine administrative title was adapted for use within the Principality's government?
Answer: Logothetes
Explanation: Byzantine administrative titles, such as *logothetes*, were retained and adapted for use within the Principality's governmental structure.
What was the function of the Lower Court, known as *la Court de la Borgesie*?
Answer: To adjudicate matters pertaining to common law.
Explanation: The Lower Court, *la Court de la Borgesie*, was responsible for adjudicating matters pertaining to common law within the principality.
William of Champlitte died in 1209 while attempting to return to Achaea after claiming an inheritance in France.
Answer: True
Explanation: William of Champlitte died during his journey back to Achaea in 1209, before he could fully establish his rule or claim his French inheritance.
Geoffrey I of Villehardouin succeeded William of Champlitte and governed Achaea until his death in 1219.
Answer: True
Explanation: Geoffrey I of Villehardouin succeeded William of Champlitte as the ruler of Achaea and governed the principality until his death in 1219.
Prince William II Villehardouin ruled during the principality's peak influence, characterized by a vibrant court.
Answer: True
Explanation: Prince William II Villehardouin's reign (1245-1278) marked the peak of the Principality's influence, distinguished by a vibrant court and flourishing literary culture.
William II Villehardouin moved the capital to the fortress of Mistra near Sparta in 1249.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1249, William II Villehardouin relocated the capital of Achaea to the newly constructed fortress of Mistra, situated near Sparta.
William II Villehardouin was captured at the Battle of Makryplagi in 1264.
Answer: False
Explanation: William II Villehardouin was captured at the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259, not the Battle of Makryplagi in 1264.
Centurione II Zaccaria acquired the princely rights to Achaea in 1404 and ruled until 1430.
Answer: True
Explanation: Centurione II Zaccaria acquired the princely rights to Achaea in 1404 and governed until 1430, when the Despots of the Morea conquered the principality's core territories.
John Asen Zaccaria was recognized by the Pope as the titular Prince of Achaea after fleeing to Italy.
Answer: True
Explanation: After his defeat and flight to Italy, John Asen Zaccaria received recognition from the Pope as the titular Prince of Achaea.
Who succeeded William of Champlitte as the ruler of Achaea?
Answer: Geoffrey I of Villehardouin
Explanation: Geoffrey I of Villehardouin succeeded William of Champlitte as the ruler of Achaea and governed until his death in 1219.
During whose rule did the Principality of Achaea reach its peak influence, marked by a vibrant court?
Answer: William II Villehardouin
Explanation: Prince William II Villehardouin's reign (1245-1278) represented the peak of the Principality's influence, characterized by a vibrant court and flourishing literary culture.
In 1249, William II Villehardouin moved the capital of Achaea to which fortress?
Answer: Mistra
Explanation: In 1249, William II Villehardouin relocated the capital of Achaea to the fortress of Mistra, situated near Sparta.
What was the outcome for William II Villehardouin at the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259?
Answer: He was captured by Michael VIII Palaeologus.
Explanation: At the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259, William II Villehardouin was captured by Michael VIII Palaeologus.
Who acquired the princely rights to Achaea in 1404 and ruled until 1430?
Answer: Centurione II Zaccaria
Explanation: Centurione II Zaccaria acquired the princely rights to Achaea in 1404 and ruled until 1430.
Upon his release in 1262, William II ceded Mistra and part of Laconia to the Byzantine Empire.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following his release in 1262, William II ceded Mistra and a significant portion of Laconia to the Byzantine Empire as part of the terms of his release.
William II Villehardouin maintained a loyal oath of allegiance to the Byzantine Emperor after his release.
Answer: False
Explanation: William II Villehardouin violated his oath of allegiance to the Byzantine Emperor shortly after his release, leading to renewed conflict.
The Treaty of Viterbo (1267) established Achaea as a dependency of the Kingdom of England.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Treaty of Viterbo (1267) established Achaea as a dependency of the Kingdom of Sicily, under Charles of Anjou.
Charles of Anjou took possession of the Principality of Achaea upon William II's death in 1278.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following William II's death in 1278, Charles of Anjou took possession of the Principality of Achaea due to the terms established by the Treaty of Viterbo.
The Treaty of Viterbo (1267) established Achaea as a dependency of which kingdom?
Answer: The Kingdom of Sicily
Explanation: The Treaty of Viterbo (1267) established Achaea as a dependency of the Kingdom of Sicily, under the suzerainty of Charles of Anjou.
William II's court at Glarentza was known for its military prowess rather than its cultural activities.
Answer: False
Explanation: William II's court at Glarentza was renowned for its cultural richness, fostering a thriving literary scene, rather than solely for military activities.
Alfred Duggan's novel *Lord Geoffrey's Fancy* is based on the *Chronicle of the Morea*.
Answer: True
Explanation: Alfred Duggan drew upon the *Chronicle of the Morea* as a foundational source for his novel *Lord Geoffrey's Fancy*, elaborating on its key facts to create the narrative.
The Principality of Achaea's exports included wine, raisins, wax, honey, oil, and silk.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Principality of Achaea was economically active, with its primary exports including wine, raisins, wax, honey, oil, and silk.
Which of the following was NOT listed as a primary export of the Principality of Achaea?
Answer: Iron ore
Explanation: The primary exports of the Principality of Achaea included wine, raisins, wax, honey, oil, and silk; iron ore was not listed among them.
Alfred Duggan's novel *Lord Geoffrey's Fancy* is based on which historical source?
Answer: The Chronicle of the Morea
Explanation: Alfred Duggan's novel *Lord Geoffrey's Fancy* is based on the *Chronicle of the Morea*.
What was the primary characteristic of William II Villehardouin's court at Glarentza?
Answer: A hub for literary and cultural activities, including poetry.
Explanation: William II's court at Glarentza was renowned for its cultural richness, fostering a thriving literary scene and featuring poetry and troubadours.
The Ottoman conquest of the Despotate of the Morea occurred in 1453.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Ottoman conquest of the Despotate of the Morea, marking the end of Byzantine rule, occurred in 1460, not 1453.
What significant event occurred in 1453 concerning the Principality of Achaea?
Answer: The revival of the principality by John Asen Zaccaria during a revolt.
Explanation: In 1453, during a major Morean revolt, John Asen Zaccaria revived the principality and was proclaimed Prince of Achaea.
When did the Ottomans conquer the Despotate of the Morea, effectively ending Byzantine rule in the region?
Answer: 1460
Explanation: The Ottoman conquest of the Despotate of the Morea occurred in 1460, marking the end of Byzantine rule in that territory.