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The Prospect dolerite intrusion is primarily composed of granite and is located in Melbourne, Australia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion is located in Pemulwuy, Sydney, and is primarily composed of picrite and dolerite, not granite.
The Prospect dolerite intrusion is recognized as Sydney's largest body of igneous rock.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion is recognized as Sydney's largest body of igneous rock.
The height of the Prospect dolerite intrusion above sea level is approximately 117 meters.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion reaches a height of approximately 117 meters above sea level.
The intrusion covers an area measuring approximately 2.4 kilometers by 1.4 kilometers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The intrusion covers an area of approximately 2.4 kilometers by 1.4 kilometers.
The thickness of the dolerite intrusion is reported to be around 250 meters.
Answer: False
Explanation: The thickness of the dolerite intrusion is approximately 76.2 meters (250 feet), not 250 meters.
The Prospect dolerite intrusion contains minerals such as quartz, calcite, and olivine.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion contains minerals such as quartz, calcite, and olivine, among many others.
The Prospect intrusion is described as a circular teschenite encroachment, indicating alkaline magma composition.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Prospect intrusion is described as a circular teschenite encroachment, indicating alkaline magma composition.
The upper third of the Prospect intrusion is primarily composed of granite.
Answer: False
Explanation: The upper third of the Prospect intrusion is composed of dolerite, not granite.
The bulk of the Prospect intrusion is composed of picrite and dolerite, with picrite forming the lower two-thirds.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion is composed of picrite and dolerite, with picrite forming the lower two-thirds.
What is the primary geological classification of the Prospect dolerite intrusion?
Answer: A laccolith
Explanation: The primary geological classification of the Prospect dolerite intrusion is a laccolith.
What is the significance of the Prospect dolerite intrusion in the context of Sydney's geology?
Answer: It is Sydney's largest body of igneous rock.
Explanation: The significance of the Prospect dolerite intrusion in Sydney's geology is that it is the largest body of igneous rock in the area.
What is the geological significance of the term 'teschenite' when applied to the Prospect intrusion?
Answer: It implies the magma was alkaline and rich in alkali feldspars.
Explanation: The term 'teschenite' signifies that the magma forming the Prospect intrusion was alkaline and rich in alkali feldspars.
What is the primary geological material that forms the bulk of the Prospect intrusion?
Answer: Picrite
Explanation: The primary geological material forming the bulk of the Prospect intrusion is picrite.
What is the geological term for the rock that forms the upper third of the intrusion?
Answer: Dolerite
Explanation: The geological term for the rock forming the upper third of the Prospect intrusion is dolerite.
What is the relationship between the Prospect dolerite intrusion and Prospect Hill?
Answer: The dolerite intrusion forms the geological core of Prospect Hill.
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion forms the geological core of Prospect Hill.
What is the primary lithology mentioned as forming a significant portion of the Prospect dolerite intrusion?
Answer: Picrite
Explanation: The primary lithology mentioned as forming a significant portion of the Prospect dolerite intrusion is picrite.
What geological process is implied by the term teschenite in relation to the intrusion?
Answer: Alkaline magma composition
Explanation: The geological process implied by the term teschenite in relation to the intrusion is alkaline magma composition.
The Prospect dolerite intrusion is situated in the eastern suburbs of Sydney.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion is situated in Pemulwuy, within the Cumberland Plain, not in Sydney's eastern suburbs.
The Prospect dolerite intrusion overlies younger sedimentary rock layers formed after the igneous activity.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion overlies older sedimentary rock layers, specifically the Ashfield Shale and Sydney sandstone, not younger ones formed after the igneous activity.
The Prospect dolerite intrusion is located at coordinates 33°49′30″N 150°55′05″E.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion is located at approximately 33°49′30″S 150°55′05″E, not with North coordinates.
The Prospect dolerite intrusion is located within the Sydney Basin, intruding Triassic Wianamatta shale.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion is located within the Sydney Basin, intruding Triassic Wianamatta shale.
Which suburb of Sydney is the Prospect dolerite intrusion primarily located in?
Answer: Pemulwuy
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion is primarily located in the suburb of Pemulwuy.
Which geological formations lie beneath the Prospect dolerite intrusion?
Answer: Ashfield Shale and Sydney sandstone
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion overlies the Ashfield Shale and Sydney sandstone formations.
What is the approximate geographic coordinate location of the Prospect dolerite intrusion?
Answer: 33°49′30″S 150°55′05″E
Explanation: The approximate geographic coordinate location of the Prospect dolerite intrusion is 33°49′30″S 150°55′05″E.
What is the relationship between the Prospect dolerite intrusion and the Sydney Basin?
Answer: It formed within the Sydney Basin at the junction of specific geological units.
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion formed within the Sydney Basin at the junction of specific geological units, namely the Sydney sandstone and Ashfield Shale.
The geological classification of the Prospect dolerite intrusion is a laccolith, dating back to the Cretaceous period.
Answer: False
Explanation: The igneous activity that formed the Prospect dolerite intrusion occurred in the Early Jurassic period, not the Cretaceous.
The igneous activity that formed the Prospect dolerite intrusion occurred during the Late Cretaceous period.
Answer: False
Explanation: The igneous activity occurred during the Early Jurassic period, not the Late Cretaceous.
The Prospect dolerite intrusion formed when magma moved horizontally and pushed up the overlying rock layers, creating a laccolith.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion formed as a laccolith when magma moved horizontally and pushed up the overlying rock layers.
The formation of the Prospect dolerite intrusion was facilitated by fractures caused by the breakdown of continental crust during rift zone development.
Answer: True
Explanation: The intrusion's formation was facilitated by fractures caused by continental crust breakdown during rift zone development.
The heat from the magma caused superficial metamorphism of the surrounding dolerite into quartz hornfels.
Answer: False
Explanation: The heat from the magma caused superficial metamorphism of the surrounding shales into quartz hornfels, not the dolerite itself.
A laccolith is characterized by magma pushing upwards and spreading horizontally beneath the surface, forming a dome-shaped body.
Answer: True
Explanation: A laccolith is characterized by magma pushing upwards and spreading horizontally beneath the surface, forming a dome-shaped body.
The presence of abundant analcime at the intrusion's top suggests a lack of magmatic water during crystallization.
Answer: False
Explanation: The presence of abundant analcime at the intrusion's top signifies a significant retention of magmatic water during crystallization, contrary to the statement.
A 'chilled margin' refers to a coarse-grained igneous rock layer formed by slow cooling.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'chilled margin' refers to a fine-grained igneous rock layer formed by rapid cooling, not coarse-grained rock formed by slow cooling.
The Prospect intrusion's formation is unambiguously linked to a sedimentary origin.
Answer: False
Explanation: The formation of the Prospect dolerite intrusion is linked to a volcanic origin involving material from the Earth's upper mantle, not solely a sedimentary origin.
During which geological period did the igneous activity forming the Prospect dolerite intrusion occur?
Answer: Early Jurassic
Explanation: The igneous activity forming the Prospect dolerite intrusion occurred during the Early Jurassic period.
How did erosion contribute to the current shape of the Prospect dolerite intrusion?
Answer: Rainwater erosion exposed the edges and caused the volcanic core to collapse inwards.
Explanation: Erosion by rainwater exposed the edges of the intrusion and caused the volcanic core to collapse inwards, shaping its current form.
What does the presence of abundant analcime at the intrusion's top signify?
Answer: A significant retention of magmatic water during crystallization
Explanation: The presence of abundant analcime at the intrusion's top signifies a significant retention of magmatic water during crystallization.
What does the term 'chilled margin' signify in the context of the Prospect intrusion?
Answer: A layer of fine-grained basalt formed by rapid cooling
Explanation: A 'chilled margin' signifies a fine-grained igneous rock layer formed by rapid cooling against cooler surrounding rock.
What evidence suggests the Prospect dolerite intrusion had a volcanic origin?
Answer: The description of material from the Earth's upper mantle being involved.
Explanation: Evidence suggesting a volcanic origin for the Prospect dolerite intrusion includes the involvement of volcanic material from the Earth's upper mantle in its formation.
What is the geological significance of the Prospect intrusion being described as a laccolith?
Answer: It indicates a mushroom-shaped body formed by magma pushing up overlying rock.
Explanation: The geological significance of the Prospect intrusion being described as a laccolith is that it indicates a mushroom-shaped body formed by magma pushing up overlying rock.
What geological event allowed basaltic magma to ascend from the mantle to form the intrusion?
Answer: Fractures formed during the development of a rift divergence zone
Explanation: The geological event that allowed basaltic magma to ascend from the mantle to form the intrusion was the formation of fractures during the development of a rift divergence zone.
What is the geological significance of the 'chilled margin' found on the Prospect intrusion?
Answer: It is a fine-grained layer formed by rapid cooling against cooler rock.
Explanation: The geological significance of the 'chilled margin' on the Prospect intrusion is that it is a fine-grained layer formed by rapid cooling against cooler rock.
The site of the Prospect dolerite intrusion was historically known as Prospect Quarry.
Answer: True
Explanation: The site of the Prospect dolerite intrusion was historically known as Prospect Quarry.
Governor Arthur Phillip first explored the site, then known as Prospect Hill, in 1791.
Answer: False
Explanation: Governor Arthur Phillip first explored the site, then known as Prospect Hill, in 1788, not 1791.
Governor Phillip settled men on Prospect Hill in 1791 due to the poorer quality of its soils compared to the Cumberland Plain.
Answer: False
Explanation: Governor Phillip settled men on Prospect Hill in 1791 because its soils were richer than those on the Cumberland Plain, not poorer.
Charles Darwin visited the Prospect intrusion site in 1835 to conduct geological studies.
Answer: True
Explanation: Charles Darwin visited the Prospect intrusion site in 1835 to conduct geological studies.
Charles Darwin hypothesized that the Prospect intrusion was formed by sedimentary deposition.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Darwin hypothesized that the Prospect intrusion was formed by the eruption of basaltic magma through the sandstone, not by sedimentary deposition.
What did Governor Arthur Phillip observe from Prospect Hill during his 1788 exploration?
Answer: The Blue Mountains and hills to the southward
Explanation: From Prospect Hill in 1788, Governor Arthur Phillip observed the Blue Mountains and the hills to the southward.
Why did Governor Phillip establish a settlement on Prospect Hill in 1791?
Answer: The richer quality of its soils for agriculture
Explanation: Governor Phillip established a settlement on Prospect Hill in 1791 due to the richer quality of its soils for agriculture.
What was Charles Darwin's hypothesis regarding the formation of the Prospect intrusion?
Answer: It resulted from the eruption of basaltic magma through the sandstone.
Explanation: Charles Darwin hypothesized that the Prospect intrusion resulted from the eruption of basaltic magma through the sandstone.
The primary material quarried from Prospect Quarry was used for ornamental landscaping.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary material quarried from Prospect Quarry was used for crushed rock for construction and roads, not ornamental landscaping.
Gold has been extensively mined from the Prospect dolerite intrusion site since the 1960s.
Answer: False
Explanation: While a small amount of gold was observed in a 1960s sample test, gold has not been extensively mined from the site.
The Widemere Quarry Line, used for the Prospect quarry, was operational from 1924 until 1945.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Widemere Quarry Line, used for the Prospect quarry, was operational from 1924 until 1945.
What was the primary historical use of the material extracted from Prospect Quarry?
Answer: Crushed rock for construction and roads
Explanation: The primary historical use of material extracted from Prospect Quarry was as crushed rock for construction and roads.
Which railway line served the Prospect quarry?
Answer: The Widemere Quarry Line
Explanation: The Widemere Quarry Line historically served the Prospect quarry.
What was the role of the CSIRO site at Prospect after its acquisition in 1946?
Answer: A primary source of roadstone for Sydney's infrastructure
Explanation: After its acquisition in 1946, the CSIRO site at Prospect became the primary source of roadstone for Sydney's infrastructure.
Recent developments at the Prospect dolerite intrusion site include the construction of Reconciliation Road through the center of the hill.
Answer: True
Explanation: Recent developments at the Prospect dolerite intrusion site include the construction of Reconciliation Road through the center of the hill.
The Prospect dolerite intrusion was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on October 17, 2003.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on October 17, 2003.
Prospect Hill's aesthetic significance is attributed to its status as Sydney's largest body of igneous rock and the views it offers.
Answer: True
Explanation: Prospect Hill's aesthetic significance is attributed to its status as Sydney's largest body of igneous rock and the expansive views it offers.
The term 'caldera-like' used for the intrusion refers to its original, intact dome shape before quarrying.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'caldera-like' used for the intrusion refers to the concave shape of its upper surface due to quarrying, not its original intact dome shape.
The Prospect dolerite intrusion's heritage listing is primarily based on its mineralogical diversity.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion's heritage listing is primarily based on its geological, landscape, and aesthetic significance, not solely its mineralogical diversity.
The NSW State Heritage Register acknowledges the Prospect dolerite intrusion's importance due to its geological, landscape, and historical connections.
Answer: True
Explanation: The NSW State Heritage Register acknowledges the Prospect dolerite intrusion's importance due to its geological, landscape, and historical connections.
What recent development has occurred at the Prospect dolerite intrusion site?
Answer: Redevelopment for industrial use, including new roads
Explanation: Recent developments at the Prospect dolerite intrusion site include redevelopment for industrial use and the construction of new roads like Reconciliation Road.
On what date was the Prospect dolerite intrusion added to the NSW State Heritage Register?
Answer: October 17, 2003
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion was added to the NSW State Heritage Register on October 17, 2003.
According to the NSW State Heritage Register, what contributes to Prospect Hill's aesthetic significance?
Answer: Its status as Sydney's largest igneous rock body and the views it provides
Explanation: According to the NSW State Heritage Register, Prospect Hill's aesthetic significance stems from its status as Sydney's largest igneous rock body and the panoramic views it offers.
What does the description of the intrusion as 'caldera-like' likely refer to?
Answer: The concave shape of its upper surface due to quarrying
Explanation: The description of the intrusion as 'caldera-like' likely refers to the concave shape of its upper surface resulting from quarrying activities.
What is the significance of the Prospect intrusion being listed on the NSW State Heritage Register?
Answer: It recognizes its state importance for geological, landscape, and historical reasons.
Explanation: The Prospect dolerite intrusion's listing on the NSW State Heritage Register recognizes its state importance for geological, landscape, and historical reasons.
What does the term 'caldera-like' likely refer to in the context of the Prospect intrusion's modification?
Answer: The result of extensive quarrying activities altering its upper surface
Explanation: The term 'caldera-like' likely refers to the modification of the intrusion's upper surface due to extensive quarrying activities.
What is the role of the New South Wales State Heritage Register concerning the Prospect dolerite intrusion?
Answer: It lists the intrusion as a heritage item due to its state significance.
Explanation: The role of the New South Wales State Heritage Register concerning the Prospect dolerite intrusion is to list it as a heritage item due to its state significance.
What specific criteria contributed to the Prospect dolerite intrusion's heritage listing?
Answer: Criteria C (aesthetic significance)
Explanation: The specific criteria contributing to the Prospect dolerite intrusion's heritage listing include Criteria C, related to aesthetic significance.