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The Puente de España holds the distinction of being the first bridge constructed across the Pasig River.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the Puente de España was a significant bridge, its predecessor, the Puente Grande, was the first bridge constructed across the Pasig River.
The original structure, designated Puente Grande, was completed in 1630 under the administration of Governor-General Fernándo de Silva.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Fernándo de Silva initiated the construction of the Puente Grande, it was completed under Governor-General Juan Niño de Tabora in 1630.
The construction of the Puente Grande was financed directly by the Spanish colonial treasury.
Answer: False
Explanation: The construction of the Puente Grande was funded by the Sangleys (Chinese community) to eliminate ferry charges, rather than directly by the colonial treasury.
Friar Antonio Herrera was responsible for directing the construction work of the Puente Grande.
Answer: False
Explanation: Friar Antonio Herrera is credited with the engineering design of the Puente Grande, but the construction work itself was directed by Lucas de Jesus María.
The Fortín y Mira was a structure located at the north end of the Puente Grande, serving as a customs house.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Fortín y Mira was a lookout structure situated at the south end of the Puente Grande, serving a defensive purpose, not as a customs house.
Fernando Brambila created a sketch of the Puente Grande in 1794, documenting it as part of the Malaspina Expedition.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fernando Brambila, associated with the Malaspina Expedition, produced a sketch of the Puente Grande in 1794, providing a historical visual record.
What was the original designation of the bridge that eventually became known as Puente de España?
Answer: Puente Grande
Explanation: The bridge that was later known as Puente de España was originally designated the Puente Grande.
In what year did the original structure, the Puente Grande, commence operations?
Answer: 1630
Explanation: The Puente Grande, the first bridge across the Pasig River, commenced operations in 1630.
By what means was the construction of the Puente Grande funded, thereby circumventing direct expenditure from the treasury?
Answer: By the Sangleys (Chinese community) to eliminate ferry charges.
Explanation: The Puente Grande was funded by the Sangleys (Chinese community) as a means to eliminate their ferry charges for river crossing.
Who is credited with the engineering design of the Puente Grande?
Answer: Antonio Herrera
Explanation: Friar Antonio Herrera is recognized for his engineering design of the Puente Grande.
What was the purpose of the Fortín y Mira in its relation to the Puente Grande?
Answer: It served as a lookout structure to guard the bridge's approach.
Explanation: The Fortín y Mira functioned as a lookout structure, guarding the approach to the Puente Grande.
The Puente de España served as a vital connection between the districts of Intramuros and Binondo.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Puente de España primarily connected the districts of Binondo and Ermita, not Intramuros and Binondo.
In 1814, the Puente Grande underwent an upgrade involving steel arches, subsequently being renamed Puente de Piedra.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1814 upgrade involved replacing wooden superstructures with stone arches and reinforcing piers, not steel arches. This led to the name Puente de Piedra ('Stone Bridge').
The bridge, reopened in 1875 featuring steel-ribbed central spans, was officially renamed Puente de España at that juncture.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following reconstruction, the bridge reopened on January 1, 1875, with steel-ribbed central spans, and was officially renamed Puente de España.
In 1901, during the American colonial period, the Puente de España was narrowed to enhance traffic flow.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 1901, the Puente de España was widened to accommodate increased traffic, not narrowed.
Streetcar tracks, locally designated as 'tranvías,' were installed on the Puente de España in 1905.
Answer: True
Explanation: Streetcar tracks, known locally as 'tranvías,' were indeed laid on the Puente de España in 1905.
The street lamps commissioned for the Puente de España were designed to be single-branched.
Answer: False
Explanation: The street lamps commissioned for the Puente de España were triple-branched, intended to adorn and illuminate the bridge.
What is considered the primary historical significance of the Puente de España?
Answer: It was the oldest established bridge in the Philippines before its destruction.
Explanation: The Puente de España is historically significant as the longest-standing bridge in the Philippines prior to its eventual demolition, connecting key districts of Manila.
Which two districts of Manila did the Puente de España primarily connect?
Answer: Binondo and Ermita
Explanation: The Puente de España served as a crucial link between the districts of Binondo and Ermita in Manila.
In 1814, the Puente Grande underwent a significant upgrade, leading to its alternate designation as Puente de Piedra. What constituted this upgrade?
Answer: Reinforcement of stone piers and replacement of wooden superstructures with stone arches.
Explanation: The 1814 upgrade involved reinforcing the stone piers and replacing the wooden superstructure with stone arches, leading to the name Puente de Piedra.
In what year was the bridge, post-reconstruction and renaming, officially designated Puente de España?
Answer: 1875
Explanation: Following its reconstruction and the installation of steel-ribbed spans, the bridge was officially renamed Puente de España on January 1, 1875.
What significant modification was implemented on the Puente de España in 1901 during the American colonial period?
Answer: The bridge was widened to accommodate more traffic.
Explanation: In 1901, the Puente de España underwent a widening process to accommodate increased vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
What feature was removed from the Puente de España during its 1901 widening?
Answer: The street lamps
Explanation: The street lamps adorning the Puente de España were removed during the 1901 widening to make space for additional traffic lanes.
In what year were streetcar tracks, locally known as 'tranvías,' installed upon the Puente de España?
Answer: 1905
Explanation: Streetcar tracks, referred to as 'tranvías,' were installed on the Puente de España in 1905.
The Puente de Piedra sustained severe damage from a volcanic eruption in 1863.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Puente de Piedra was severely damaged by a powerful earthquake in 1863, not a volcanic eruption.
A temporary pontoon bridge, the Puente de Barcas, was constructed one block upriver from the damaged bridge following the 1863 earthquake.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Puente de Barcas was constructed one block downriver from the damaged bridge, not upriver.
The Puente de Barcas utilized large, flat-bottomed boats, locally termed 'cascos,' for its structural support.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Puente de Barcas served as a temporary crossing, with its spans supported by cascos, which are traditional large, flat-bottomed boats.
During its reconstruction following the 1863 earthquake, the bridge's number of spans was increased to ten.
Answer: False
Explanation: The reconstruction after the 1863 earthquake involved removing central piers, reducing the number of spans from ten to eight.
What natural disaster inflicted severe damage upon the Puente de Piedra in 1863?
Answer: A powerful earthquake
Explanation: A powerful earthquake on June 3, 1863, caused severe damage to the Puente de Piedra.
What was the functional purpose of the Puente de Barcas, constructed subsequent to the 1863 earthquake?
Answer: It served as a temporary crossing using large boats (cascos).
Explanation: The Puente de Barcas was a temporary pontoon bridge utilizing cascos (boats) to maintain river crossing after the main bridge was damaged.
How did the reconstruction of the bridge following the 1863 earthquake modify its span configuration?
Answer: The number of spans decreased from 10 to 8 by removing central piers.
Explanation: The reconstruction after the 1863 earthquake involved removing central piers, reducing the span count from ten to eight.
The Puente de España was destroyed by aerial bombardment during World War II.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Puente de España was destroyed by a flood in 1914. The Jones Bridge, its successor, was destroyed during World War II.
A flood in September 1914 inflicted substantial damage upon the Puente de España's central pier, necessitating its subsequent removal.
Answer: True
Explanation: A significant flood in September 1914 damaged the central pier of the Puente de España, leading to its eventual removal.
A permanent steel arch bridge was immediately constructed to replace the Puente de España after its central pier was removed in 1914.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the removal of the central pier in 1914, a temporary truss bridge was installed. The permanent replacement, Jones Bridge, was constructed later.
The Jones Bridge, which succeeded the Puente de España, was completed in 1916.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Jones Bridge, which succeeded the Puente de España, was completed and opened in 1921, not 1916.
The Jones Bridge was named in honor of a U.S. Senator who authored the Philippine Independence Act.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Jones Bridge was named in honor of William Atkinson Jones, who authored the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, not the Philippine Independence Act.
The Puente de España was dismantled subsequent to the completion of the Jones Bridge in 1921.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the opening of the Jones Bridge in 1921, the Puente de España was dismantled.
The Jones Bridge, subsequent to its initial construction, remained intact throughout World War II.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Jones Bridge was destroyed by bombs during the Battle of Manila in 1945, amidst World War II.
The Puente de España was officially closed and dismantled in 1914, the same year it was damaged by a flood.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the Puente de España was damaged by a flood in 1914, its official closure and dismantling occurred in 1921, coinciding with the completion of the Jones Bridge.
What event precipitated the destruction of the Puente de España?
Answer: A flood in September 1914
Explanation: The Puente de España was ultimately destroyed due to damage sustained from a flood in September 1914.
What was installed as a provisional measure following the damage and removal of the Puente de España's central pier in 1914?
Answer: A temporary truss bridge
Explanation: After the central pier was damaged and removed in 1914, a temporary truss bridge was installed as a provisional measure.
Which bridge was constructed to succeed the Puente de España and the temporary truss bridge?
Answer: Jones Bridge
Explanation: The Jones Bridge was constructed to replace both the Puente de España and the temporary truss bridge.
For what reason was the bridge constructed between 1916 and 1921 designated Jones Bridge?
Answer: In honor of William Atkinson Jones, author of the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916.
Explanation: The bridge was named Jones Bridge in honor of William Atkinson Jones, the principal author of the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916.
What became of the Puente de España subsequent to the completion of the Jones Bridge in 1921?
Answer: It was dismantled.
Explanation: Following the completion and opening of the Jones Bridge in 1921, the Puente de España was dismantled.
What fate befell the Jones Bridge during the Second World War?
Answer: It was destroyed by bombs during the Battle of Manila in 1945.
Explanation: The Jones Bridge was destroyed by aerial bombardment during the Battle of Manila in 1945, amidst the Second World War.
Which of the following bridges is cited as being situated one block downriver from the original location of the Puente de España?
Answer: Jones Bridge
Explanation: The Jones Bridge is located one block downriver from the original site of the Puente de España.
In which year was the Puente de España officially decommissioned?
Answer: 1921
Explanation: The Puente de España was officially decommissioned and dismantled in 1921.
The Puente Grande featured a superstructure constructed entirely of stone.
Answer: False
Explanation: The original Puente Grande had stone piers but a superstructure made primarily of wood, which offered a strategic advantage for rapid destruction if necessary.
Antonio Herrera's innovative methodology for constructing the bridge's piers involved the diversion of the Pasig River's water into the city's moats.
Answer: True
Explanation: Herrera's technique involved diverting river water into moats and canals to drain sections of the riverbed for pier construction.
The Guadalupe adobe stone utilized for the piers was sourced from Intramuros.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Guadalupe adobe stone used for the piers was quarried from the area now known as Brgy. Guadalupe Viejo in Makati, not from Intramuros.
The Puente de España measured approximately 126.26 meters in total length.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Puente de España had a total length of approximately 126.26 meters (414.25 feet).
The width of the Puente de España did not remain constant at 6.78 meters throughout its history.
Answer: True
Explanation: The width of the Puente de España was 6.78 meters from 1814 to 1901, after which it was widened.
The original Puente Grande did not have fewer spans than the Puente de España after its reconstruction in the late 19th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The original Puente Grande had ten spans, while the Puente de España, after reconstruction, had eight spans.
What innovative engineering technique did Antonio Herrera employ in the construction of the Puente Grande's piers?
Answer: Diverting river water to drain sections of the riverbed.
Explanation: Herrera's innovative method involved diverting river water into moats to drain sections of the riverbed for pier construction.
What type of stone constituted the primary material for the piers of the Puente Grande?
Answer: Volcanic tuff known as Guadalupe adobe stone
Explanation: The piers of the Puente Grande were primarily constructed using Guadalupe adobe stone, a type of volcanic tuff.
The Puente Grande initially comprised ten spans. How many spans did the Puente de España possess following its reconstruction subsequent to the 1863 earthquake?
Answer: Eight spans
Explanation: Following reconstruction after the 1863 earthquake, the Puente de España had eight spans, a reduction from the original ten.
What was the principal material employed for the superstructure of the original Puente Grande?
Answer: Wood
Explanation: The original superstructure of the Puente Grande was constructed primarily of wood.
What was the approximate total length of the Puente de España, expressed in meters?
Answer: 126.26 meters
Explanation: The Puente de España had an approximate total length of 126.26 meters.