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Pyrrha is primarily known in Greek mythology as the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora, and the wife of Deucalion.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source material identifies Pyrrha as the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora, and the wife of Deucalion.
Pyrrha and Deucalion had only sons, specifically Hellen, Amphictyon, and Orestheus, but no daughters.
Answer: False
Explanation: According to Greek mythology, Pyrrha and Deucalion had three sons (Hellen, Amphictyon, Orestheus) and three daughters (Protogeneia, Pandora, Thyia).
The name Pyrrha originates from a Latin word meaning 'red,' which is consistent with descriptions of her having red hair by classical authors.
Answer: True
Explanation: The name Pyrrha derives from the Latin *pyrrhus*, meaning 'red,' and classical authors like Horace and Ovid described her with red hair.
Pyrrha is generally described as a mortal woman who survived the flood.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material generally describes Pyrrha as a goddess, not a mortal woman.
Some accounts suggest that Hellen, traditionally a son of Pyrrha and Deucalion, was actually born from Pyrrha's union with Zeus.
Answer: True
Explanation: Alternative accounts suggest that Hellen, while traditionally a son of Pyrrha and Deucalion, was sometimes attributed to a union between Pyrrha and Zeus.
The etymological root of Pyrrha's name, *purrhos*, is an Ancient Greek adjective meaning 'golden-haired.'
Answer: False
Explanation: The Ancient Greek adjective *purrhos*, from which Pyrrha's name derives, means 'flame coloured' or 'red,' not 'golden-haired.'
According to Greek mythology, who are Pyrrha's parents?
Answer: Epimetheus and Pandora
Explanation: Both the general description and the genealogical chart identify Pyrrha as the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a child of Pyrrha and Deucalion?
Answer: Atlas
Explanation: The children listed for Pyrrha and Deucalion are Hellen, Amphictyon, Orestheus, Protogeneia, Pandora, and Thyia. Atlas is not among them.
What is the etymological meaning of the name Pyrrha?
Answer: Flame coloured or red
Explanation: The name Pyrrha derives from the Ancient Greek *purrhos*, meaning 'flame coloured' or 'red'.
Which classical authors specifically described Pyrrha as having red hair?
Answer: Horace and Ovid
Explanation: The Roman poets Horace and Ovid are cited as classical authors who described Pyrrha as having red hair.
What is the general description of Pyrrha provided at the beginning of the article?
Answer: A goddess
Explanation: The source material generally describes Pyrrha as a goddess.
According to alternative accounts, who was the father of Hellen (or Helmetheus) in some traditions?
Answer: Zeus
Explanation: Some accounts suggest that Hellen (or Helmetheus) was born from Pyrrha's union with Zeus, rather than Deucalion.
Which of Pyrrha and Deucalion's children is also listed as a daughter?
Answer: Protogeneia
Explanation: Protogeneia is listed as one of the daughters of Pyrrha and Deucalion, alongside Pandora and Thyia.
Zeus initiated the great deluge to punish humanity for their excessive pride during the Golden Age.
Answer: False
Explanation: Zeus initiated the great deluge to end the Bronze Age, a period associated with a decline in human morality, not specifically for excessive pride during the Golden Age.
Pyrrha and Deucalion survived the great flood because Athena warned them to build an ark.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pyrrha and Deucalion survived the flood because Prometheus, Deucalion's father, foresaw the deluge and advised his son to build an ark.
After the floodwaters receded, Pyrrha and Deucalion's ark landed on Mount Olympus, the home of the gods.
Answer: False
Explanation: After the deluge, Pyrrha and Deucalion's ark landed on Mount Parnassus, which was the only location spared by the flood.
The great deluge sent by Zeus was intended to end the Bronze Age, a period associated with declining human morality.
Answer: True
Explanation: Zeus initiated the great deluge specifically to end the Bronze Age, which was characterized by a decline in human morality.
Why did Zeus initiate the great deluge upon the earth?
Answer: To end the Bronze Age due to a decline in human morality
Explanation: Zeus initiated the deluge to conclude the Bronze Age, a period marked by a significant decline in human morality.
Who advised Deucalion to build an ark to survive the coming flood?
Answer: Prometheus
Explanation: Prometheus, Deucalion's father, foresaw the flood and advised his son to construct an ark for survival.
Where did Pyrrha and Deucalion's ark land after the floodwaters receded?
Answer: Mount Parnassus
Explanation: The ark landed on Mount Parnassus, which was the only location that remained untouched by the flood.
Deucalion consulted the oracle of Themis to learn how to repopulate the earth after the great flood.
Answer: True
Explanation: Deucalion sought guidance from the oracle of Themis regarding the method for repopulating the earth after the flood.
The oracle of Themis instructed Deucalion and Pyrrha to throw seeds behind their shoulders to repopulate the earth.
Answer: False
Explanation: The oracle of Themis instructed Deucalion and Pyrrha to throw the bones of their mother behind their shoulders, not seeds, to repopulate the earth.
Deucalion and Pyrrha correctly interpreted 'the bones of their mother' as referring to the stones of Mother Earth, Gaia.
Answer: True
Explanation: Deucalion and Pyrrha interpreted 'the mother' as Gaia, the Earth, and 'the bones' as stones, understanding the oracle's cryptic message.
When Pyrrha and Deucalion threw rocks behind their shoulders, the stones immediately transformed into fully formed adult humans.
Answer: False
Explanation: The stones did not immediately transform into fully formed humans; rather, they gradually lost hardness, changed form, and took on human shape.
According to the myth, the soft and moist parts of the thrown rocks became human skin, while the hardest parts formed bones.
Answer: True
Explanation: The myth describes the transformation where soft, moist parts of the rocks became skin, veins became human veins, and hard parts formed bones.
The stones thrown by Pyrrha transformed into men, while those thrown by Deucalion became women.
Answer: False
Explanation: The stones thrown by Pyrrha transformed into women, and those thrown by Deucalion became men.
The transformation of rocks into humans involved the veins within the rocks developing into people's veins.
Answer: True
Explanation: The myth describes the transformation process where the veins within the rocks developed into the veins of the new human beings.
The oracle of Themis was consulted by Pyrrha to understand how to repopulate the earth.
Answer: False
Explanation: Deucalion consulted the oracle of Themis to learn how to repopulate the earth, not Pyrrha.
Whom did Deucalion consult to learn how to repopulate the earth?
Answer: The Oracle of Themis
Explanation: Deucalion sought guidance from the oracle of Themis to understand the method for repopulating the earth.
What cryptic instruction did the oracle of Themis give to Deucalion and Pyrrha?
Answer: To throw the bones of their mother behind their shoulders
Explanation: The oracle's instruction was to 'throw the bones of their mother behind their shoulders' to repopulate the earth.
How did Deucalion and Pyrrha interpret 'the bones of their mother'?
Answer: As the stones of Mother Earth (Gaia)
Explanation: They correctly interpreted 'the mother' as Gaia, Mother Earth, and 'the bones' as the stones of the earth.
What was the immediate effect when Pyrrha and Deucalion threw rocks behind their shoulders?
Answer: The rocks began to lose hardness and gradually take human shape
Explanation: The stones did not instantly transform but gradually lost hardness, changed form, and began to take on human shape.
Which gender of humans originated from the stones thrown by Pyrrha?
Answer: Women
Explanation: The stones thrown by Pyrrha transformed into women, while those thrown by Deucalion became men.
What happened to the 'soft and moist parts' of the rocks thrown by Pyrrha and Deucalion during their transformation into humans?
Answer: They became the skin of the new humans.
Explanation: The myth states that the soft and moist parts of the rocks became the skin of the new human beings.
Ovid's *Metamorphoses* retells the story of Deucalion and Pyrrha, highlighting Jove's pity for their devoutness.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ovid's *Metamorphoses* recounts the story, emphasizing Jove's pity for the devout couple, leading him to end the deluge.
In Ovid's account, Jove saved Deucalion and Pyrrha because they were the only remaining humans, regardless of their piety.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ovid's account specifies that Jove was moved by pity for Deucalion and Pyrrha, recognizing them as devout worshipers, which was the reason for their salvation.
After the storm, Deucalion and Pyrrha felt relieved and immediately began celebrating the end of the deluge.
Answer: False
Explanation: In Ovid's version, Deucalion and Pyrrha were taken aback by the desolate wreckage and burdened with the responsibility of repopulating the earth, not celebrating.
Pyrrha was initially distressed by Themis's instruction because she feared it meant digging up and desecrating her own deceased mother's bones.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pyrrha literally interpreted the instruction to 'cast the bones of her mother' and feared desecrating her deceased mother's honor.
Deucalion resolved Pyrrha's distress by explaining that 'mother' referred to the sea goddess Thetis, and 'bones' to seashells.
Answer: False
Explanation: Deucalion resolved Pyrrha's distress by explaining that 'mother' referred to Mother Earth (Gaia) and 'bones' to the stones of the earth.
According to Ovid, after humans repopulated the land, Mother Earth began to produce all other forms of life.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ovid's narrative states that after human repopulation, Mother Earth subsequently produced all other forms of life, signifying a complete natural renewal.
Ovid's narrative suggests that air and fire are the fundamental sources of all life.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ovid's narrative conveys that heat and moisture, when blended in due balance, are the essential sources of all life.
A 16th-century woodcut by Virgil Solis illustrates the story of Deucalion and Pyrrha from Homer's *Odyssey*.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 16th-century woodcut by Virgil Solis illustrates lines from Ovid's *Metamorphoses*, not Homer's *Odyssey*.
In Ovid's *Metamorphoses*, what was Jove's motivation for saving Deucalion and Pyrrha?
Answer: He recognized them as devout worshipers
Explanation: Jove was moved by pity for their devoutness and decided to save them.
What was Pyrrha's initial reaction to Themis's instruction in Ovid's retelling?
Answer: She was distressed, fearing desecration of her mother's honor
Explanation: Pyrrha was distraught, interpreting the instruction literally and fearing she would desecrate her deceased mother's bones.
According to Ovid, what fundamental principle about the origin of life is conveyed through the repopulation narrative?
Answer: Life originates from the blending of heat and moisture
Explanation: Ovid conveys that the blending of heat and moisture in due balance is the essential origin of all life.
In Ovid's *Metamorphoses*, what was Deucalion and Pyrrha's reaction to the world after the storm cleared?
Answer: They were taken aback by the desolate wreckage and burdened with repopulation.
Explanation: After the storm, Deucalion and Pyrrha were confronted with a desolate world and the heavy responsibility of repopulating it.
What was the state of the land that Deucalion and Pyrrha observed after the storm cleared in Ovid's version?
Answer: A desolate wreckage
Explanation: In Ovid's account, after the storm, Deucalion and Pyrrha observed a desolate wreckage of the land.
The 'See also' section of the article draws a parallel between the Greek flood myth and the biblical story of Noah's Ark.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'See also' section explicitly mentions 'Noah's Ark' as a parallel, highlighting similarities in global deluge and repopulation narratives.
What mythological concept is mentioned in the 'See also' section as a parallel to the Deucalion and Pyrrha flood myth?
Answer: Noah's Ark
Explanation: The 'See also' section explicitly draws a parallel between the Greek flood myth and the biblical narrative of Noah's Ark.