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A military raid's primary objective is to capture and hold a location for an extended period to establish a permanent presence.
Answer: False
Explanation: A military raid is defined as a 'smash and grab' mission where raiders quickly withdraw, explicitly not aiming to capture and hold a location for an extended period.
Raiding groups are typically heavily equipped and supported, allowing them to sustain prolonged engagements and hold ground.
Answer: False
Explanation: Raiding groups are characterized by being lightly equipped and supported, which enables swift travel but prevents them from holding ground for extended periods.
Raiding tactics are exclusively employed by conventional military forces in large-scale pitched battles.
Answer: False
Explanation: Raiding tactics are frequently employed in irregular warfare by non-conventional forces such as tribal warriors and guerrilla fighters, not exclusively by conventional forces in large-scale battles.
One of the strategic objectives of a military raid is to gather vital intelligence or to demoralize the enemy.
Answer: True
Explanation: The primary objectives of a military raid include demoralizing, confusing, or exhausting the enemy, and gathering vital intelligence.
The Sullivan Expedition is an example of a small-scale raid, typically limited to a few dozen troops.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Sullivan Expedition is cited as an example of a large-scale raid, demonstrating that raids are not always limited to small unit actions.
What is the fundamental definition of a military raid, also known as depredation?
Answer: A 'smash and grab' mission where raiders quickly withdraw before enemy response.
Explanation: A military raid is fundamentally defined as a 'smash and grab' mission, where the objective is to quickly execute a task and withdraw, rather than to capture and hold territory.
Which characteristic is typical of raiding groups in military operations?
Answer: They are lightly equipped and supported, enabling swift travel.
Explanation: Raiding groups are typically lightly equipped and supported to ensure swift travel and rapid execution of their missions, rather than prolonged engagements.
In what type of warfare are raiding tactics frequently employed by non-conventional forces?
Answer: Irregular warfare.
Explanation: Raiding tactics are a standard component of irregular warfare, frequently employed by non-conventional forces such as tribal warriors and guerrilla fighters.
Which of the following is NOT a primary objective of a military raid?
Answer: Establishing permanent administrative control over a region.
Explanation: Military raids are 'smash and grab' missions designed for swift withdrawal, and their objectives do not include establishing permanent administrative control over a region.
What historical campaign is cited as an example of a large-scale raid, demonstrating that raids are not always limited to small unit actions?
Answer: The Sullivan Expedition.
Explanation: The Sullivan Expedition is cited as a historical example of a large-scale raid, demonstrating that raids can involve significant numbers of troops and resources.
The Islamic prophet Muhammad's first successful raid was the Nakhla raid in January 624, primarily aimed at intelligence gathering.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Nakhla raid in January 624 was Muhammad's first successful raid, aimed at attacking a Quraysh caravan and gathering intelligence.
The First Raid on Banu Thalabah in August 627 was a successful operation for Muhammad's forces, resulting in many captives.
Answer: False
Explanation: The First Raid on Banu Thalabah in August 627 was unsuccessful for Muhammad's forces, as his men were ambushed and mostly killed.
Small-scale raiding warfare was a rare occurrence in Western European warfare during the Middle Ages, with most conflicts being large-scale battles.
Answer: False
Explanation: Small-scale raiding warfare was a common and significant aspect of Western European warfare during the Middle Ages, with professional soldiers frequently engaged in 'little war'.
A 'chevauchée' was a type of naval raid popular during the Hundred Years' War.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'chevauchée' was a mounted raid, a style of land warfare particularly popular during the Hundred Years' War, not a naval raid.
The Black Prince's chevauchée in 1355 was notable for its success and the deliberate capture of enemy records for post-operational analysis.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Black Prince's chevauchée in Southern France in 1355 was notable for the deliberate capture of records to conduct a post-operational analysis of the raid's economic impact.
What was the primary aim of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's first successful raid, the Nakhla raid in January 624?
Answer: To attack a Quraysh caravan and gather intelligence.
Explanation: The Nakhla raid was Muhammad's first successful raid, specifically aimed at attacking a Quraysh caravan and gathering vital intelligence.
What was the outcome of the First Raid on Banu Thalabah in August 627?
Answer: Muhammad ibn Maslamah's men were ambushed and mostly killed.
Explanation: During the First Raid on Banu Thalabah, Muhammad ibn Maslamah's men were ambushed by the forewarned tribe, resulting in most of them being killed.
What term describes a mounted raid, particularly popular during the Hundred Years' War in Medieval Europe?
Answer: Chevauchée.
Explanation: A 'chevauchée' was a mounted raid, a style of warfare particularly popular during the Hundred Years' War in Medieval Europe, used to devastate enemy territory.
What unique aspect made the Black Prince's chevauchée in Southern France in 1355 particularly notable?
Answer: The raiders deliberately captured records for post-operational economic analysis.
Explanation: The Black Prince's chevauchée in 1355 was notable for the deliberate capture of enemy records to conduct a post-operational analysis of the raid's economic impact.
Raids in the Soviet Army were developed as a defensive measure against deep enemy penetrations, not as precursors to offensive manoeuvre groups.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the Soviet Army, raids served as precursors to the development of Operational Manoeuvre Groups, which were designed for offensive deep penetration, not solely defensive measures.
The Comanche Wars began in 1706 and their raiding power peaked in the 1840s, extending hundreds of miles into Mexico.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Comanche Wars began in 1706, and Comanche raiding power peaked in the 1840s, with raids extending hundreds of miles into Mexico.
The Mapuche leader Calfucurá's raid in 1872 on Argentine cities was a minor skirmish that had no significant long-term consequences.
Answer: False
Explanation: Calfucurá's large-scale raid on Argentine cities in 1872 served as a catalyst for the Argentine government to launch the 'Conquest of the Desert,' indicating significant long-term consequences.
How did raids influence the development of operational level warfare in the Soviet Army?
Answer: They served as precursors to the development of Operational Manoeuvre Groups.
Explanation: In the Soviet Army, raids served as precursors to the development of Operational Manoeuvre Groups, adapting the principles of rapid penetration and disruption for larger mechanized formations.
When did the Comanche Wars begin, and in which decade did Comanche power reach its peak for conducting large-scale raids?
Answer: 1706, 1840s.
Explanation: The Comanche Wars began in 1706, and Comanche power for conducting large-scale raids peaked in the 1840s.
Which Mapuche leader's raid on Argentine cities in 1872 served as a catalyst for the 'Conquest of the Desert'?
Answer: Calfucurá.
Explanation: The Mapuche leader Calfucurá's raid on Argentine cities in 1872 served as a catalyst for the Argentine government to launch the 'Conquest of the Desert'.
Seaborne raiding was a relatively new tactic, first appearing in the late Middle Ages with the Vikings.
Answer: False
Explanation: Seaborne raiding was known as early as the time of the Pharaohs, with the Sea Peoples being notable early practitioners, predating the Vikings by millennia.
In pre-colonial Philippines, 'mangayaw' referred to land wars, while 'mangubat' referred to sea raids.
Answer: False
Explanation: In pre-colonial Philippines, 'mangayaw' referred to sea raids, and 'mangubat' referred to land wars.
The main purpose of sea raids in pre-colonial Philippines included gaining prestige in combat and pillaging goods.
Answer: True
Explanation: The main purposes of sea raids in pre-colonial Philippines were to gain prestige in combat, pillage goods and resources, and capture hostages.
The practice of full-body tattooing, 'batok', in pre-colonial Philippines was primarily for decorative purposes and not related to military achievements.
Answer: False
Explanation: The practice of full-body tattooing, 'batok', in pre-colonial Philippines served to record participation and prowess in raids, acting as significant markers of a warrior's achievements and status.
Coastal communities in pre-colonial Philippines preferred to engage sea raiders in ship-to-ship combat at sea rather than on land.
Answer: True
Explanation: Coastal communities in pre-colonial Philippines preferred to meet sea raiders at sea in ship-to-ship combat, known as 'bangga', rather than engaging them on land.
Pre-colonial Philippine codes of conduct allowed for the immediate killing of captives who surrendered during raids.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pre-colonial Philippine codes of conduct strictly prohibited killing a captive who surrendered, with violators facing severe penalties.
The 'karakoa' was a small, fast fishing vessel used in pre-colonial Visayan communities.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'karakoa' was a large pre-colonial Visayan warship specifically utilized for conducting seaborne raids, not a small fishing vessel.
Viking raiders from Scandinavia primarily focused on establishing permanent settlements rather than looting coastal areas.
Answer: False
Explanation: Viking raiders from Scandinavia primarily launched attacks for loot, and larger fleets often extorted 'Danegeld' in addition to pillaging, indicating a focus on raiding rather than immediate permanent settlement.
Naval raiding completely ceased after the decline of the Viking threat in the 11th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: Naval raiding did not cease after the 11th century; it remained a common element of medieval naval warfare, indicating its continued strategic value.
John Hawley of Dartmouth was a notable privateer involved in extensive naval raiding during the Hundred Years' War.
Answer: True
Explanation: John Hawley of Dartmouth is cited as a notable privateer involved in extensive naval raiding during the Hundred Years' War.
Galley raiding was a prominent feature of naval warfare in the Mediterranean, particularly between Christian powers and the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: Raiding using oared galleys was a prominent feature of naval warfare in the Mediterranean, especially in the 16th century conflicts between Christian powers and the Ottoman Empire.
Sir Francis Drake's raid on Cadiz in 1587 was a minor skirmish with little strategic importance for English naval strategy.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sir Francis Drake's major raid on Cadiz in 1587 was a significant component of English naval strategy during the Elizabethan era, aimed at disrupting Spanish Armada preparations.
The Dutch executed the Raid on the Medway during the First Anglo-Dutch War.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Dutch executed the Raid on the Medway during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, not the First.
Who were among the earliest known practitioners of seaborne raiding, dating back to the time of the Pharaohs?
Answer: The Sea Peoples.
Explanation: The shipborne forces of the Sea Peoples are cited as notable early practitioners of seaborne raiding, dating back to the time of the Pharaohs.
In pre-colonial Philippines, what were the terms for sea raids and land wars, respectively?
Answer: Mangayaw and Mangubat.
Explanation: In pre-colonial Philippines, 'mangayaw' referred to sea raids, and 'mangubat' referred to land wars.
What cultural practice in pre-colonial Philippines served to record participation and prowess in raids?
Answer: The widespread practice of full-body tattooing, known as 'batok'.
Explanation: The widespread practice of full-body tattooing, 'batok', in pre-colonial Philippines served as a cultural record of participation and prowess in raids.
What was the preferred defensive strategy for coastal communities in pre-colonial Philippines when a sea raid was spotted?
Answer: Engaging attackers in ship-to-ship combat at sea, known as 'bangga'.
Explanation: Coastal communities in pre-colonial Philippines preferred to meet sea raiders at sea in ship-to-ship combat, or 'bangga', rather than engaging them on land.
According to pre-colonial Philippine codes of conduct, what was strictly prohibited regarding captives?
Answer: Killing a captive.
Explanation: Pre-colonial Philippine codes of conduct strictly prohibited the killing of a captive who surrendered during raids.
Which type of vessel was a 'karakoa' in pre-colonial Philippines?
Answer: A large pre-colonial Visayan warship used for seaborne raids.
Explanation: The 'karakoa' was a large pre-colonial Visayan warship specifically utilized for conducting seaborne raids in the Philippines.
What was the primary purpose for which the 'lanong' warship was used in the Sulu Sea around 1890?
Answer: Piracy and raids, mainly for capturing slaves.
Explanation: The 'lanong' warship was primarily used for piracy and raids in the Sulu Sea, mainly for the purpose of capturing slaves.
What type of longship, exemplified by the Oseberg Ship, was used by Viking raiders from Scandinavia?
Answer: Karve.
Explanation: The Oseberg Ship is an example of a Viking 'karve' longship, a type of vessel used by Viking raiders for coastal and riverside attacks.
What was a common motivation for larger Viking fleets, beyond simple looting, during their raids in the early Middle Ages?
Answer: Extorting protection money, known as 'Danegeld'.
Explanation: Beyond looting, a common motivation for larger Viking fleets was extorting protection money, known as 'Danegeld', from targeted regions.
Did naval raiding cease after the decline of the Viking threat in the 11th century?
Answer: No, it continued to be a common element of medieval naval warfare.
Explanation: Naval raiding did not cease after the 11th century; it remained a common element of medieval naval warfare, indicating its continued strategic value.
Who was a notable privateer involved in extensive naval raiding during the Hundred Years' War?
Answer: John Hawley of Dartmouth.
Explanation: John Hawley of Dartmouth is identified as a notable privateer who engaged in extensive naval raiding during the Hundred Years' War.
In the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, what type of vessel was commonly used for raiding, particularly in wars between Christian powers and the Ottoman Empire?
Answer: Oared galleys.
Explanation: Oared galleys were commonly used for raiding in the Mediterranean throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance, especially in conflicts between Christian powers and the Ottoman Empire.
What was the purpose of Sir Francis Drake's major raid on Cadiz in 1587 during the Elizabethan era?
Answer: To destroy shipping being assembled for the Spanish Armada.
Explanation: Sir Francis Drake's major raid on Cadiz in 1587 aimed to destroy shipping being assembled for the Spanish Armada, forming a key part of English naval strategy.
Which two notable raids were executed by the Dutch during the Anglo-Dutch Wars?
Answer: The Raid on the Medway and the Dutch Raid on North America.
Explanation: The Dutch executed the Raid on the Medway during the Second Anglo-Dutch War and the Dutch Raid on North America during the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
The British Combined Operations Headquarters during WWII was established to organize harassing raids against German forces in Europe.
Answer: True
Explanation: The British Combined Operations Headquarters was established during WWII specifically to organize harassing raids against German forces in Europe.
Operation Ambassador, the first commando operation, achieved significant success and demonstrated the immediate effectiveness of commando formations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Operation Ambassador, the first commando operation, resulted in negligible success and served primarily as a learning experience.
The Dieppe Raid was a small-scale commando operation involving only a few hundred soldiers.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Dieppe Raid was a large-scale raid involving approximately 6,000 soldiers, over 200 ships, and 74 squadrons of aircraft.
The Royal Air Force (RAF) defined a 'raid' during WWII as any spontaneous aerial engagement with enemy aircraft or ground targets.
Answer: False
Explanation: The RAF defined a 'raid' during WWII as a planned air attack, distinguishing it from spontaneous engagements or routine patrols.
What was the purpose of the British Combined Operations Headquarters during the Second World War?
Answer: To organize harassing raids against German forces in Europe.
Explanation: The British Combined Operations Headquarters was established during WWII to organize harassing raids against German forces in Europe, developing amphibious and commando operations.
What was the outcome of Operation Ambassador, the first operation conducted by a 'commando' formation in July 1940?
Answer: It resulted in negligible success, serving as a learning experience.
Explanation: Operation Ambassador, the first commando operation, resulted in negligible success, serving as a learning experience for future operations.
Which major raid was launched by the British in March 1941 against the Lofoten Islands, considered an early success for British commandos?
Answer: Operation Claymore.
Explanation: Operation Claymore was the major raid launched by the British in March 1941 against the Lofoten Islands, marking an early success for British commandos.
What was the scale of the Dieppe Raid during the Second World War?
Answer: A large-scale raid involving approximately 6,000 soldiers, over 200 ships, and 74 squadrons of aircraft.
Explanation: The Dieppe Raid was a large-scale operation involving approximately 6,000 soldiers, over 200 ships, and 74 squadrons of aircraft, intended to cause significant destruction to the port.