Explanation: The depiction of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels serves as an icon representing their status as principal architects of Marxist theory.

Explanation: Foundational Marxist works cited include 'The Communist Manifesto' and 'Das Kapital,' not Adam Smith's 'The Wealth of Nations' or Machiavelli's 'The Prince'.

Explanation: Alienation, dialectical materialism, and reification are indeed identified as key philosophical concepts within Marxist theory.

Explanation: The critique of political economy within Marxism centers on concepts such as abstract labor, value-form, and wage labor, among others.

Explanation: The base-superstructure model, the bourgeoisie-proletariat dynamic, and class consciousness are indeed central sociological concepts within Marxist theory.

Explanation: Class struggle, historical determinism, and the concept of primitive accumulation of capital are fundamental historical concepts within Marxist analysis.

Explanation: In Marxist theory, the 'dictatorship of the proletariat' denotes a transitional phase following a revolution, wherein the working class exercises political authority.

Explanation: In Marxist sociology, the 'superstructure' encompasses political, legal, cultural, and ideological institutions, while the 'base' refers to the economic system (means and relations of production).

Explanation: Commodity fetishism in Marxist analysis refers to the perception of social relationships involved in production as economic relationships among commodities themselves, obscuring the underlying human labor and social relations.

Explanation: The 'tendency of the rate of profit to fall' posits that profit rates tend to decline over time due to the increasing proportion of capital invested in technology relative to labor, which is seen as the source of profit.

Explanation: Marxist theory defines class struggle primarily as the historical conflict between the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (the working class).

Explanation: Primitive accumulation of capital describes the historical process that created propertyless laborers and capitalist owners prior to the full development of capitalism, not collective worker ownership.

Explanation: 'Das Kapital' (Capital) is identified as a foundational theoretical work of Marxism.

Explanation: Existentialism is not listed among the key philosophical concepts associated with Marxism; alienation, dialectical materialism, and reification are.

Explanation: The critique of political economy within Marxism includes concepts such as the tendency of the rate of profit to fall.

Explanation: In Marxist sociology, the 'superstructure' refers to the political, legal, cultural, and ideological institutions and norms that arise from and shape society.

Explanation: Class consciousness is identified as a central sociological concept within Marxist theory.

Explanation: Primitive accumulation of capital is considered a fundamental historical concept within Marxist analysis.

Explanation: Commodity fetishism describes the phenomenon where social relationships involved in production are perceived as economic relationships between commodities, obscuring the underlying social relations.

Explanation: Primitive accumulation of capital refers to the historical processes that separated producers from the means of production, establishing the conditions for capitalism.

Explanation: The context defines 'revisionism' within Marxist philosophy as the advocacy for reforms to fundamental Marxist tenets, which may include collaboration with the bourgeois class.

Explanation: In Marxist discourse, 'revisionism' generally carries pejorative connotations and is seldom adopted as a self-descriptor by proponents.

Explanation: Eduard Bernstein is identified as a significant revisionist figure in Marxist thought, diverging from the orthodox revolutionary tenets espoused by Marx and Engels.

Explanation: Evolutionary socialism, associated with Eduard Bernstein, posits that socialism is attainable via incremental, peaceful reforms within the capitalist framework, rather than through revolutionary means.

Explanation: A principal criticism from anti-revisionist Marxists is that revisionism tends to negate or diminish the significance of class struggle.

Explanation: The label 'revisionist' was applied to some post-Stalinist writers in Eastern Europe by academic economists due to their advocacy for increased freedoms, such as press freedom, and a reduction in bureaucratic privileges.

Explanation: The term 'revisionism' appears within the 'Marxist and communist phraseology' section, situated contextually with 'anti-revisionism' and various ideological classifications.

Explanation: Eduard Bernstein's revisionist stance posited that socialism could be achieved through gradual reforms, rejecting the necessity of a violent socialist revolution.

Explanation: The source defines revisionism within Marxist philosophy as advocating for reforms or revisions to core Marxist tenets, which critics may perceive as a departure from fundamental principles.

Explanation: Within Marxist discourse, 'revisionism' typically carries negative connotations and is seldom adopted voluntarily by those labeled as such.

Explanation: Eduard Bernstein is identified as one of the earliest and most significant figures associated with revisionist interpretations of Marxism.

Explanation: Eduard Bernstein and his contemporaries advocated for achieving socialism through gradual, peaceful reforms implemented within the existing capitalist structure.

Explanation: A primary criticism from anti-revisionist Marxists is that revisionism tends to negate or diminish the importance of class struggle.

Explanation: Post-Stalinist writers labeled 'revisionists' often advocated for increased freedoms, including press freedom, and greater intra-party democracy.

Explanation: Structural Marxism, Marxist-Leninist ideology, and Hegelian-influenced schools such as the Frankfurt School are indeed listed as common variants of Marxism.

Explanation: Democratic centralism is an organizational principle characterized by freedom of discussion followed by unified action upon a decision by the leadership.

Explanation: Trotsky's theory of 'permanent revolution' suggests that in less developed countries, the proletariat should lead the revolution and immediately transition to socialist tasks, rather than waiting for a bourgeois revolution.

Explanation: The 'mass line' in Maoist ideology emphasizes learning from the masses and synthesizing their ideas into policy, rather than dictating policies unilaterally.

Explanation: Democratic centralism, vanguardism, and the concept of 'socialism in one country' are indeed key components of Marxism-Leninism.

Explanation: The concept of 'uneven and combined development' is a distinctive feature of Trotskyist ideology.

Explanation: The 'mass line' and 'people's war' are indeed central concepts within Maoist ideology.

Explanation: Marxist-Leninist is listed as a common variant of Marxism.

Explanation: Democratic centralism combines freedom of discussion with strict unity of action once decisions are made by the party leadership.

Explanation: The concept of 'permanent revolution' is primarily associated with Trotskyist ideology.

Explanation: The 'mass line' in Maoist ideology refers to a method of leadership that involves learning from the masses and then formulating policies based on their collective input.

Explanation: Vanguardism is listed as a key term associated with Marxism-Leninism.

Explanation: The historical development of social democracy is indeed linked to influences such as the Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the broader labor movement.

Explanation: Civil liberties, democratic principles, environmentalism, and the establishment of a welfare state are core concepts associated with social democracy.

Explanation: Democratic socialism, evolutionary socialism, and 'Socialism of the 21st century' are identified as variants within the broader spectrum of social democracy.

Explanation: Social democracy advocates for state intervention to achieve social justice within capitalism, supporting a mixed economy and a robust welfare state.

Explanation: The fist and rose symbol is utilized in social democracy to represent the confluence of strength and solidarity (fist) with peace and social progress (rose).

Explanation: A welfare state and a mixed economy are core concepts associated with social democracy.

Explanation: Evolutionary socialism is listed as a variant of social democracy.

Explanation: The French Revolution is cited as one of the historical events influencing the development of social democracy.

Explanation: The Socialist International and the Labour Party (UK) are associated with social democracy, not syndicalism. Prominent syndicalist organizations include the IWW and the CNT.

Explanation: Syndicalism's core tenets include worker control of production via labor unions, utilizing direct action and general strikes as primary methods.

Explanation: Co-operative economics, labor economics, and workers' self-management are indeed central economic concepts within syndicalist theory.

Explanation: Anarchist syndicalism, Council communism, and National syndicalism are recognized variants of syndicalism.

Explanation: Georges Sorel and Daniel De Leon are indeed prominent historical figures associated with the development and discourse of syndicalism.

Explanation: The image 'The hand that will rule the world—One Big Union' is associated with syndicalism, symbolizing the collective power of organized labor.

Explanation: The fundamental objective of syndicalism is to dismantle capitalism and the state, replacing them with a decentralized system of worker-controlled industries organized in federations.

Explanation: The fundamental aim of syndicalism is to replace capitalism and the state by establishing worker-controlled industries organized into federations.

Explanation: Workers' self-management is a key economic concept central to syndicalism.

Explanation: The image titled 'The hand that will rule the world—One Big Union' is associated with syndicalism.

Explanation: Classical liberalism is not listed among the precursors to syndicalism; Guild socialism, Orthodox Marxism, and Utopian socialism are.

Explanation: The sidebar lists journals like 'Science & Society' and 'Historical Materialism' as related to Marxist thought, not 'Nature' or 'The Lancet'.

Explanation: The source material indicates that 'Left-wing politics' is indeed a topic related to Marxism, alongside Anarchism, Communism, and Socialism.

Explanation: The 'Authority control' section serves to connect the subject matter to library cataloging systems, facilitating the identification and retrieval of related resources.

Explanation: 'Science & Society' is mentioned as an academic journal related to Marxist thought.

Explanation: Anarchism is listed as a topic closely related to Marxism.

Explanation: The 'Authority control' section functions to link the article's subject to library cataloging systems, aiding in resource identification and retrieval.