Explanation: The Roman settlement established at the location of modern-day Salzburg was named Iuvavum and was granted the status of a Roman municipium in 45 CE.

Explanation: The historical records indicate that Salzburg was founded as an episcopal see in 696 CE and later attained the status of an archbishopric in 798 CE.

Explanation: Salzburg's historical prosperity was predominantly derived from the extraction and trade of salt, along with gold mining, rather than textile manufacturing.

Explanation: The name 'Salzburg' derives from 'Salz' (salt) and 'burg' (castle/fortress/city), referencing the historical practice of tolling salt barges on the Salzach River.

Explanation: Saint Rupert is credited with founding St. Peter's monastery and the Nonnberg Benedictine nunnery around 696 CE, contributing significantly to Salzburg's early religious establishment.

Explanation: The name 'Salzburg' is linked to the Salzach River due to the historical practice of tolling salt barges navigating its waters, not timber transport.

Explanation: The Roman settlement situated at the location of present-day Salzburg was known as Iuvavum.

Explanation: Salzburg achieved the status of an archbishopric in the year 798 CE, following its earlier establishment as an episcopal see.

Explanation: Salzburg's economy was historically driven by the extraction and trade of salt, alongside gold mining, which were foundational to its early prosperity.

Explanation: The name 'Salzburg' is etymologically linked to the historical practice of imposing tolls on salt barges navigating the Salzach River.

Explanation: Saint Rupert is recognized for revitalizing Salzburg around 696 CE and founding St. Peter's monastery and the Nonnberg nunnery.

Explanation: The initial construction phase of Hohensalzburg Fortress, a significant medieval fortification, commenced in 1077 under the direction of Archbishop Gebhard.

Explanation: Salzburg's distinctive Baroque cityscape was primarily shaped during the Baroque period, not the Gothic era, following extensive rebuilding efforts.

Explanation: The leadership of Prince Archbishops Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, Markus Sittikus, and Paris Lodron was instrumental in defining Salzburg's Baroque architectural identity.

Explanation: Salzburg's architectural evolution included significant influences from the Renaissance period between the Romanesque/Gothic and Baroque eras, particularly under Prince-Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau.

Explanation: Salzburg's historic center was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996 primarily for its exceptional Baroque architecture and preservation, not solely for its medieval fortifications.

Explanation: The historic center of Salzburg is characterized predominantly by its Baroque architecture, a key factor in its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Explanation: Salzburg became a significant center for the Counter-Reformation during the 17th century, marked by extensive Baroque construction.

Explanation: During the 17th century, Salzburg underwent a major architectural transformation, characterized by extensive rebuilding in the Baroque style, significantly influenced by Italian architectural principles.

Explanation: Prince Archbishops Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, Markus Sittikus, and Paris Lodron were pivotal figures in shaping Salzburg's Baroque character and directing significant rebuilding initiatives.

Explanation: The Salzburg Museum documents the broader artistic and cultural history of Salzburg and its region, not exclusively its musical heritage or Mozart's life.

Explanation: Salzburg's historic center received UNESCO World Heritage status primarily due to its outstanding Baroque architecture and the high degree of its preservation.

Explanation: The 'Edict of Expulsion' (Emigrationspatent) of 1731 mandated that Protestant citizens recant their faith or leave the city, rather than forcing all inhabitants to convert to Catholicism.

Explanation: Following Emperor Napoleon's actions in 1803, the Archbishopric of Salzburg was secularized and transferred to Ferdinando III of Tuscany, not directly to the Holy Roman Emperor.

Explanation: Salzburg was incorporated into the Austrian Empire in 1805, then ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1809, before being definitively returned to Austrian rule in 1816.

Explanation: During the Romantic Era, tourism to Salzburg increased due to a growing appreciation for its history and cultural significance, not a decline.

Explanation: The Anschluss of 1938 marked a period of severe persecution in Salzburg, including the destruction of its synagogue and the deportation of Jewish citizens.

Explanation: While much of Salzburg's Baroque architecture survived, World War II bombing raids caused significant damage, destroying approximately 46 percent of the city's buildings.

Explanation: Post-World War II, Salzburg functioned as the administrative center for the American-occupied zone of Austria, not the Soviet zone.

Explanation: Salzburg made bids to host the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014, but was unsuccessful in securing either event.

Explanation: The 'Emigrationspatent' of 1731 resulted in the forced emigration of over 21,000 Protestant citizens from Salzburg, not approximately 2,000.

Explanation: The term 'Salzburg Protestants' specifically denotes the Protestant citizens who were expelled from Salzburg in 1731 due to their religious beliefs.

Explanation: The 'Edict of Expulsion' (Emigrationspatent) of 1731 was a decree requiring Protestant citizens to either renounce their faith or face exile from Salzburg.

Explanation: In 1803, Emperor Napoleon's reforms led to the secularization of the Archbishopric of Salzburg and its transfer to Ferdinando III of Tuscany.

Explanation: After Austrian military defeats, Salzburg was ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1809, prior to its eventual return to Austrian administration.

Explanation: During the Romantic Era, increased tourism in Salzburg was driven by a heightened cultural appreciation for the city's historical significance and artistic heritage.

Explanation: The Anschluss in 1938 led to severe persecution of Salzburg's Jewish population, involving arrests and subsequent deportations to concentration camps.

Explanation: Allied bombing raids during World War II resulted in damage to approximately 46 percent of Salzburg's buildings.

Explanation: Following World War II, Salzburg was located within the American-occupied zone of Austria and served as its administrative center.

Explanation: Salzburg is geographically located along the Salzach River, proximate to the German border and nestled at the base of the Alps mountain range.

Explanation: Salzburg's climate is classified under the Köppen system as warm-summer humid continental (Dfb) or oceanic (Cfb), characterized by distinct seasons, not a hot desert climate.

Explanation: The Salzkammergut region, famous for its lakes, is located to the east of Salzburg and is primarily known for its natural beauty and tourism, not as a major industrial area.

Explanation: The Untersberg mountain, situated near Salzburg, offers extensive panoramic vistas encompassing the city and the broader Alpine scenery.

Explanation: The landscape surrounding Salzburg is defined by the presence of the Alps mountains and the Salzach River, which flows through the city.

Explanation: Salzburg's climate is classified as warm-summer humid continental (Dfb) or, alternatively, as a four-season oceanic climate (Cfb).

Explanation: Archbishop Hieronymus Graf von Colloredo's tenure as ruler of Salzburg included employing Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, thereby contributing to his early career, despite their eventual strained relationship.

Explanation: Hangar-7 at Salzburg Airport is a notable example of contemporary architecture, housing a collection of aircraft and racing cars, rather than preserved historic structures from the early 20th century.

Explanation: Getreidegasse is famously recognized as a narrow shopping street and the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, not the location of the city's main train station.

Explanation: The primary Salzburg Festival, renowned for music and theatre, is held annually during the summer months, typically July and August.

Explanation: The Salzburger Marionettentheater, established in 1912, is renowned for its traditional marionette performances, not for digital presentations.

Explanation: The film 'The Sound of Music' utilized numerous locations in and around Salzburg and the state of Salzburg as its primary filming sites.

Explanation: The fountain within the Mirabell Gardens is a well-known filming location from 'The Sound of Music,' prominently featured during the 'Do-Re-Mi' song sequence.

Explanation: Hangar-7, a facility owned by Red Bull at Salzburg Airport, serves as a museum displaying a collection of historic aircraft and Formula One racing cars.

Explanation: Christian Doppler, the physicist renowned for the Doppler effect, was born in Salzburg, not Vienna.

Explanation: The Salzburg Festival is a globally recognized event featuring music and theatre, traditionally taking place annually during July and August.

Explanation: The Salzburg Museum documents the broader artistic and cultural history of Salzburg and its region, not exclusively its musical heritage.

Explanation: The Felsenreitschule is an open-air theatre constructed within a former quarry, not a modern underground concert hall.

Explanation: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart maintained a significant, though often contentious, professional relationship with Archbishop Hieronymus Graf von Colloredo during his time in Salzburg.

Explanation: The Mozarteum is cited as a notable example of contemporary architectural design within Salzburg.

Explanation: Getreidegasse is a significant narrow shopping street in Salzburg, widely recognized as the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Explanation: The Salzburg Festival holds international renown for its presentations of music and theatre performances.

Explanation: Hangar-7 at Salzburg Airport functions as a museum, exhibiting a collection of historic aircraft and Formula One racing cars owned by Red Bull.

Explanation: Christian Doppler, a native of Salzburg, is scientifically recognized for his discovery of the Doppler effect.

Explanation: The Felsenreitschule is distinguished by its construction within a quarry that was originally utilized during the building of Salzburg Cathedral.

Explanation: The provided data indicates that Salzburg is Austria's fourth-largest city, with a population of 156,852 recorded in 2020.

Explanation: The incorporation of surrounding municipalities in 1935 was a notable factor contributing to Salzburg's population expansion.

Explanation: As of January 1, 2021, the largest immigrant community in Salzburg was from Germany, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia.

Explanation: The requirement to maintain Salzburg's UNESCO World Heritage status necessitates careful consideration and harmonization when introducing contemporary architectural designs into the historic old town.

Explanation: The city of Salzburg is administratively structured into twenty-four urban districts, or Stadtteile, which include areas such as Altstadt and Maxglan.

Explanation: Salzburg Hauptbahnhof serves as a major hub connecting to extensive national and international routes, including major cities like Vienna and Munich, in addition to regional services.

Explanation: Salzburg Airport offers international flights to numerous European cities, not primarily to destinations within Austria.

Explanation: The dialects spoken in Salzburg are classified as Central Bavarian, part of the larger Austro-Bavarian dialect continuum, rather than High German.

Explanation: The original club, SV Austria Salzburg, achieved success by reaching the UEFA Cup final in 1994, prior to its acquisition and rebranding by Red Bull.

Explanation: Red Bull provides sponsorship for multiple sports teams in Salzburg, including the FC Red Bull Salzburg football club and the EC Salzburg Red Bulls ice hockey team.

Explanation: Salzburg engages in international city twinning with various locations, including Reims (France), Verona (Italy), and Dresden (Germany).

Explanation: The Sigmundstor tunnel connects the Old Town (Altstadt) with the Riedenburg quarter by passing through the Mönchsberg, not the Salzburg Airport.

Explanation: The University of Salzburg is one of three universities situated within the city, contributing to its role as an educational center.

Explanation: The Salzburg S-Bahn network comprises four lines (S1, S2, S3, S11) that offer essential local and regional rail transportation services.

Explanation: The Salzburg Zoo is situated in Anif, south of the city center, not adjacent to Hohensalzburg Fortress within the city itself.

Explanation: The Salzburg trolleybus system, alongside its bus network, comprises more than 20 operational lines, constituting a vital component of the city's public transportation infrastructure.

Explanation: In the year 2020, Salzburg's population was officially recorded at 156,852 individuals.

Explanation: While factors like municipal incorporation and post-war refugee influx contributed to population growth, a significant increase in birth rates during the 1960s was not explicitly mentioned as a primary driver in the provided data.

Explanation: As of January 1, 2021, citizens from Germany constituted the largest immigrant community residing in Salzburg.

Explanation: The principal challenge lies in ensuring that contemporary architectural designs are integrated in a manner that respects and harmonizes with Salzburg's historic fabric and preserves its UNESCO World Heritage status.

Explanation: Salzburg Hauptbahnhof functions as a critical rail hub, providing direct connections to major European cities such as Vienna and Munich.

Explanation: While Salzburg Airport serves destinations like Frankfurt, London, and Zurich, Rome is not explicitly listed among its primary European flight destinations in the provided data.

Explanation: The Salzburg S-Bahn system is integrated into the broader network of ÖBB (Austrian Federal Railways).