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The primary goal of the first Slovak National Council, founded in 1848, was to achieve full Slovak independence from any foreign rule.
Answer: False
Explanation: The principal objective of the first Slovak National Council was to advocate for Slovak autonomy within the Kingdom of Hungary, not complete independence.
The first Slovak National Council was established in Vienna on September 15, 1848.
Answer: True
Explanation: The first Slovak National Council convened in Vienna on September 15, 1848, during the revolutionary period.
The leaders of the first Slovak National Council were executed for treason after the 1848 uprising failed.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the uprising was suppressed and the leaders faced repercussions, they were deprived of citizenship for treason rather than executed.
The first Slovak National Council effectively administered territory corresponding to modern-day Slovakia during the 1848-1849 conflict.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the 1848-1849 period, the first Slovak National Council exercised administrative authority over territories in Upper Hungary that largely align with contemporary Slovakia.
The first Slovak National Council declared separation from Hungary in an assembly at Bratislava.
Answer: False
Explanation: The declaration of separation from Hungary by the first Slovak National Council occurred at an assembly held in Myjava, not Bratislava.
The flag associated with the first Slovak National Council during 1848-49 was the national flag of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: The flag associated with the first Slovak National Council was that of the Slovak volunteers, distinct from the national flag of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The first Slovak National Council promoted the "Demands of the Slovak Nation" document.
Answer: True
Explanation: The "Demands of the Slovak Nation" was a key document actively promoted by the first Slovak National Council to articulate its political objectives.
What was the primary nationalist aspiration driving the formation of the Slovak National Council in the mid-19th century?
Answer: To achieve separation from the Kingdom of Hungary.
Explanation: The formation of the Slovak National Council in the mid-19th century was fundamentally driven by the nationalist aspiration to achieve separation from the Kingdom of Hungary.
Who were the principal founders of the *first* Slovak National Council in 1848?
Answer: Ľudovít Štúr, Jozef Miloslav Hurban, and Michal Miloslav Hodža
Explanation: The foundational figures of the first Slovak National Council in 1848 were Ľudovít Štúr, Jozef Miloslav Hurban, and Michal Miloslav Hodža.
The first Slovak National Council declared Slovakia's separation from Hungary and called for an uprising on which date?
Answer: September 19, 1848
Explanation: On September 19, 1848, the first Slovak National Council proclaimed Slovakia's separation from Hungary and initiated a call for a national uprising.
What was the ultimate fate of the uprising initiated by the first Slovak National Council?
Answer: It was suppressed by the Hungarian army, leading to the SNR's cessation.
Explanation: The uprising initiated by the first Slovak National Council was ultimately suppressed by the Hungarian army, leading to the council's cessation of operations by the spring of 1849.
What territory did the first Slovak National Council effectively administer during the 1848-1849 period?
Answer: Western parts of Upper Hungary, corresponding largely to modern Slovakia.
Explanation: During the 1848-1849 conflict, the first Slovak National Council administered territories in western Upper Hungary, which substantially correspond to the geographical area of contemporary Slovakia.
Which document was promoted by the first Slovak National Council to advocate for Slovak autonomy?
Answer: The Demands of the Slovak Nation
Explanation: The first Slovak National Council actively promoted the 'Demands of the Slovak Nation' document to articulate its call for autonomy.
What was the role of the flag depicted in the source's image in relation to the first Slovak National Council?
Answer: It was the flag of Slovak volunteers associated with the SNR's actions.
Explanation: The flag associated with the first Slovak National Council during the 1848-49 period represented the Slovak volunteers participating in the movement.
Ľudovít Štúr, Jozef Miloslav Hurban, and Michal Miloslav Hodža were key founders of the *second* Slovak National Council in 1914.
Answer: False
Explanation: These prominent figures were instrumental in founding the *first* Slovak National Council in 1848, not the second council established in 1914.
The second Slovak National Council, constituted in 1918, successfully led Slovakia into Czechoslovakia without any hindrance.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the second SNR played a crucial role in declaring Slovakia's union with the Czech lands, its activities were ultimately curtailed, and it was dissolved by the new Czechoslovak government.
The Martin Declaration, issued by the second SNR, officially established Czechoslovakia.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Martin Declaration, promulgated by the second Slovak National Council on October 30, 1918, formally signaled Slovakia's unification with the Czech lands, thereby establishing Czechoslovakia.
The second Slovak National Council remained active throughout World War I, supporting the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: Established shortly before World War I, the second Slovak National Council was largely inactive during the conflict and only became revitalized as the Austro-Hungarian Empire began to disintegrate.
The second Slovak National Council was officially constituted in Turčiansky Svätý Martin on October 29, 1918.
Answer: True
Explanation: The official constitution of the second Slovak National Council took place in Turčiansky Svätý Martin on October 29, 1918.
Vavro Šrobár was responsible for the dissolution of the second Slovak National Council as part of a centralizing policy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Vavro Šrobár, acting as Minister for Slovakia, was instrumental in the dissolution of the second Slovak National Council in January 1919 as part of a centralizing governmental policy.
Which Slovak National Council was established on May 26, 1914, and later played a role in declaring Slovakia's independence in 1918?
Answer: The second Slovak National Council
Explanation: The second Slovak National Council, established on May 26, 1914, was instrumental in the declaration of Slovakia's independence and unification in 1918.
The Martin Declaration, a key document issued in October 1918, signified what for Slovakia?
Answer: The establishment of Slovakia as an independent state unified with the Czech lands.
Explanation: The Martin Declaration, issued by the second Slovak National Council, signified the establishment of Slovakia as an independent state unified with the Czech lands, forming Czechoslovakia.
Who was Vavro Šrobár, and what action did he take concerning the second Slovak National Council?
Answer: He was the leader who dissolved the second SNR as Minister for Slovakia.
Explanation: Vavro Šrobár, serving as Minister for Slovakia in the newly formed Czechoslovak government, was responsible for the dissolution of the second Slovak National Council in 1919.
The second Slovak National Council was officially constituted in Turčiansky Svätý Martin on what date?
Answer: October 29, 1918
Explanation: The official constitution of the second Slovak National Council took place in Turčiansky Svätý Martin on October 29, 1918.
Which of the following SNRs was dissolved shortly after its formation in 1919 by the new Czechoslovak government?
Answer: The second SNR (1918-1919)
Explanation: The second Slovak National Council, formed in 1918, was dissolved by the new Czechoslovak government on January 8, 1919.
The third Slovak National Council was formed primarily to coordinate resistance against the Nazis during World War II.
Answer: True
Explanation: Re-established in September 1943, the third Slovak National Council's principal mandate was to organize and direct resistance efforts against the pro-Nazi regime and its German allies during World War II.
Karol Šmidke and Jozef Lettrich jointly led the third Slovak National Council, representing Communist and non-Communist factions respectively.
Answer: True
Explanation: The leadership of the third Slovak National Council was indeed a coalition, with Karol Šmidke representing the Communist Party and Jozef Lettrich representing non-Communist political groups.
The Christmas Agreement, issued by the third SNR, outlined a program for Slovakia's re-establishment within a democratic Czechoslovak state.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Christmas Agreement, a significant document from the third SNR, articulated a vision for Slovakia's reintegration into a democratic Czechoslovak state following the war.
The Slovak National Uprising of 1944 led to the dissolution of the third Slovak National Council.
Answer: False
Explanation: Rather than dissolving it, the Slovak National Uprising of 1944 saw the third Slovak National Council assume control over areas liberated by resistance forces.
In February 1945, the third Slovak National Council established its executive body in Prague.
Answer: False
Explanation: The executive body of the third Slovak National Council, the Board of Commissioners, was established in Košice in February 1945, not Prague.
What was the primary purpose for the re-establishment of the Slovak National Council in September 1943?
Answer: To coordinate resistance against the pro-Nazi Slovak Republic regime.
Explanation: The re-establishment of the Slovak National Council in September 1943 was primarily aimed at coordinating resistance against the pro-Nazi Slovak Republic regime.
The third Slovak National Council featured a shared leadership structure representing which political groups?
Answer: Communists and non-Communists
Explanation: The leadership of the third Slovak National Council was characterized by a coalition representing both Communist and non-Communist political factions.
What significant agreement did the third Slovak National Council issue concerning Slovakia's post-war status?
Answer: The Christmas Agreement
Explanation: The third Slovak National Council issued the Christmas Agreement, which provided a framework for Slovakia's re-establishment within a democratic Czechoslovak state.
Following the Slovak National Uprising in 1944, which body took charge of the areas liberated by resistance forces?
Answer: The third Slovak National Council
Explanation: After the Slovak National Uprising in 1944, the third Slovak National Council assumed administrative responsibility for the territories liberated by the resistance movements.
In February 1945, the third Slovak National Council established its executive body, known as the Board of Commissioners, in which city?
Answer: Košice
Explanation: The executive body of the third Slovak National Council, the Board of Commissioners, was established in Košice in February 1945.
The third Slovak National Council, formed in September 1943, aimed to coordinate resistance against which entity?
Answer: The pro-Nazi puppet regime of the Slovak Republic
Explanation: The third Slovak National Council, established in September 1943, was formed to coordinate resistance against the pro-Nazi puppet regime governing the Slovak Republic.
After the 1948 coup, the third Slovak National Council maintained its democratic character and powers.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the Communist coup of 1948, the third Slovak National Council transitioned from a body coordinating resistance to an instrument of the Communist regime, with its democratic functions significantly curtailed.
The Slovak National Council was transformed into the democratically elected parliament of Slovakia immediately following World War II.
Answer: False
Explanation: The transformation of the Slovak National Council into a democratically elected parliament occurred significantly later, following the Velvet Revolution in 1989, not immediately after World War II.
How did the third Slovak National Council function after the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état?
Answer: It became an instrument of the Communist regime with restricted powers.
Explanation: Post the 1948 coup, the third Slovak National Council's role shifted; it became subservient to the Communist regime, with its powers significantly diminished.
Several Slovak National Councils were established outside of Slovakia between the 1920s and 1940s.
Answer: True
Explanation: Indeed, multiple Slovak National Councils were proclaimed abroad during the interwar period and the early years of World War II.
The first Slovak National Council established abroad was in Paris in 1939, led by Milan Hodža.
Answer: False
Explanation: Milan Hodža was associated with the *second* Slovak National Council established abroad in Paris in 1939. The first SNR abroad was founded in Warsaw in 1920.
Milan Hodža was associated with the establishment of a Czecho-Slovak National Council in France in 1940.
Answer: True
Explanation: Milan Hodža was indeed involved in establishing a Czecho-Slovak National Council in France in 1940, which superseded his earlier Paris-based council.
The third Slovak National Council abroad, founded in London, advocated for Slovakia to remain a province within a Hungarian-dominated federation.
Answer: False
Explanation: The third Slovak National Council abroad, established in London, advocated for Slovakia's independence within a federated Central Europe, not its subjugation to Hungarian rule.
The Slovak National Council Abroad (SNRvZ) was formed to restore Slovak statehood after the Communist coup of 1948.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Slovak National Council Abroad (SNRvZ) was indeed established with the primary objective of restoring Slovak statehood and mobilizing the Slovak diaspora following the Communist takeover in 1948.
The Slovak National Council Abroad established branches in South America, Europe, and North America.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Slovak National Council Abroad extended its reach by establishing branches in various locations across South America, North America, and Europe.
The Slovak National Council Abroad eventually became part of the Slovak Liberation Council through mergers.
Answer: True
Explanation: Through a series of mergers and integrations with other émigré organizations, the Slovak National Council Abroad evolved into a component of the broader Slovak Liberation Council.
How many Slovak National Councils were proclaimed abroad between the 1920s and 1940s?
Answer: Four
Explanation: During the period spanning the 1920s to the 1940s, a total of four Slovak National Councils were proclaimed abroad.
Which Slovak National Council abroad, founded in Warsaw in 1920, failed to gain significant support?
Answer: The first SNR abroad
Explanation: The first Slovak National Council abroad, established in Warsaw in 1920, struggled to garner substantial support from the Slovak diaspora and was subsequently dissolved.
Milan Hodža was associated with which Slovak National Council established abroad in Paris in 1939?
Answer: The second SNR abroad
Explanation: Milan Hodža established the second Slovak National Council abroad in Paris in 1939, aiming to formulate proposals for a post-war Czechoslovak state.
What was the political objective of the third Slovak National Council established abroad in London by Peter Prídavok?
Answer: To establish Slovakia as an independent state within a federated Central Europe.
Explanation: The third Slovak National Council abroad, founded by Peter Prídavok in London, pursued the objective of establishing Slovakia as an independent state integrated within a federated Central European structure.
Why did the third Slovak National Council abroad (London) have limited influence?
Answer: The Czechoslovak government-in-exile refused to recognize it.
Explanation: The third Slovak National Council abroad possessed limited influence primarily because the Czechoslovak government-in-exile withheld its recognition, thereby marginalizing its role in post-war deliberations.
The fourth Slovak National Council abroad, known as the Slovak National Council Abroad (SNRvZ), primarily aimed to:
Answer: Restore Slovak statehood and mobilize émigrés after the 1948 Communist coup.
Explanation: The primary objective of the Slovak National Council Abroad (SNRvZ) was to reinstate Slovak statehood and galvanize support among Slovak expatriates following the Communist coup of 1948.
Following the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the Slovak National Council was restored to its previous role as the democratically elected parliament of Slovakia.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Velvet Revolution marked a pivotal moment, leading to the restoration of the Slovak National Council as the democratically elected legislative body of Slovakia.
The Slovak National Council was officially renamed the National Council of the Slovak Republic in 1989.
Answer: False
Explanation: The official renaming to the National Council of the Slovak Republic occurred later, specifically on September 1, 1992, following the adoption of a new constitution.
The Slovak National Council was transformed into the new, democratically elected parliament of Slovakia following which major historical event?
Answer: The Velvet Revolution in 1989
Explanation: The significant political transition following the Velvet Revolution in 1989 led to the transformation of the Slovak National Council into the democratically elected parliament of Slovakia.
When did the Slovak National Council officially receive its current name, the National Council of the Slovak Republic?
Answer: September 1, 1992
Explanation: The official designation change to the National Council of the Slovak Republic occurred on September 1, 1992, concurrent with the adoption of Slovakia's new constitution.
The transformation of the Slovak National Council into a democratically elected parliament after 1989 involved:
Answer: A constitutional law restoring many of its former powers.
Explanation: Following the Velvet Revolution, a constitutional law was enacted in 1990 that reinstated many of the Slovak National Council's historical powers, thereby transforming it into a democratically elected parliament.
The Slovak National Council (SNR) functioned as a singular, monolithic entity, established only once during the entirety of the 20th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Slovak National Council (SNR) was not a singular entity; rather, it represented a series of councils established at various historical junctures throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.
Which organization served as the highest representative body for the Slovak nation at various points in the 19th and 20th centuries?
Answer: The Slovak National Council (SNR)
Explanation: The Slovak National Council (SNR) functioned as the principal representative body for the Slovak nation across several critical periods in the 19th and 20th centuries.