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Study Guide: Social Conservatism: Principles and Global Perspectives

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Social Conservatism: Principles and Global Perspectives Study Guide

Foundations of Social Conservatism

Social conservatism's primary objective is to promote rapid societal change and embrace new progressive developments.

Answer: False

Explanation: Social conservatism fundamentally aims to preserve traditional moral values and established social structures, exhibiting skepticism towards rapid societal change.

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The primary focus of social conservatism is the preservation of traditional moral values.

Answer: True

Explanation: The central aim of social conservatism is indeed the preservation of traditional moral values and the social structures that uphold them.

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What is the fundamental aim of social conservatism?

Answer: To preserve traditional moral values and established social structures.

Explanation: The fundamental aim of social conservatism is the preservation of traditional moral values and the established social structures that support them.

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What is the primary focus of social conservatism, as distinct from economic conservatism?

Answer: Moral values and social structures

Explanation: Social conservatism's primary focus is on preserving moral values and established social structures, differentiating it from economic conservatism's focus on financial matters.

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Core Tenets and Values

Social conservatives advocate for the exclusion of religious institutions from public life.

Answer: False

Explanation: Conversely, social conservatives generally support the active participation of religious institutions in the public sphere, viewing them as vital for societal morality and stability.

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Traditional family structures, established gender roles, and religious traditions are elements that social conservatives typically seek to preserve.

Answer: True

Explanation: The preservation of traditional family structures, established gender roles, and religious traditions are central tenets of social conservatism, viewed as foundational to social order.

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Most US social conservatives agree on opposing abortion and same-sex marriage.

Answer: True

Explanation: Opposition to abortion and same-sex marriage are widely recognized as core principles upon which most US social conservatives find common ground.

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Sociologist Harry F. Dahms identifies Christian doctrinal issues and gun-use advocacy as the two main ideological domains within American social conservatism.

Answer: True

Explanation: Sociologist Harry F. Dahms has identified Christian doctrinal concerns and advocacy for gun rights as the two principal ideological spheres within American social conservatism.

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Social inertia describes the tendency of social conservatives to embrace rapid social change.

Answer: False

Explanation: Social inertia refers to the resistance to social change, a concept that aligns with social conservatism's preference for maintaining the status quo.

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Victorian morality is associated with social conservatism due to its emphasis on strict social norms and traditional values.

Answer: True

Explanation: Victorian morality, characterized by strict social norms and a focus on traditional values, is closely aligned with the principles of social conservatism.

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For social conservatives, 'ordered liberty' implies absolute individual freedom without any societal constraints.

Answer: False

Explanation: The concept of 'ordered liberty' for social conservatives posits that individual freedoms should be exercised within a framework of established social norms, traditions, and moral guidelines, not as absolute freedom.

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Mores, representing essential customs and folkways, are devalued by social conservatives.

Answer: False

Explanation: Mores, as essential customs and folkways, are highly valued by social conservatives as they embody the deeply ingrained traditions and moral standards crucial for maintaining social order.

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The concept of 'duty' is unimportant to social conservatives, who prioritize individual autonomy above all else.

Answer: False

Explanation: Duty is a fundamental concept for social conservatives, emphasizing individuals' obligations to their family, community, and nation, which contributes to social order.

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Social conservatives place little value on cultural heritage, preferring to focus solely on contemporary issues.

Answer: False

Explanation: Social conservatives place significant value on cultural heritage, viewing it as a vital source of wisdom and tradition that should be protected to guide contemporary society.

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Social conservatives often emphasize the importance of a shared 'national character' shaped by traditional values.

Answer: True

Explanation: Social conservatives frequently highlight the significance of a collective 'national character,' which they believe is cultivated and preserved through traditional values, customs, and institutions.

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Social conservatives may view 'spontaneous order' unfavorably if it challenges established customs.

Answer: True

Explanation: While social conservatives may value organic development, they might view 'spontaneous order' negatively if it leads to outcomes that undermine or challenge established customs and traditions.

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Social conservatives believe that the concept of 'social order' is primarily achieved through constant social change and innovation.

Answer: False

Explanation: Social conservatives believe that 'social order' is primarily maintained through adherence to traditional norms and established institutions, rather than through constant change.

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Some social conservatives support economic intervention when it aligns with moral or cultural objectives.

Answer: True

Explanation: While not exclusively focused on economics, some social conservatives are willing to support economic intervention if it serves to uphold or advance their moral or cultural objectives.

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Social conservatives generally oppose the concept of 'duty' towards family and community.

Answer: False

Explanation: Social conservatives generally emphasize the importance of 'duty' towards family and community as integral components of social order and individual responsibility.

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Which of the following is NOT typically advocated for preservation by social conservatives?

Answer: Rapid social experimentation

Explanation: Social conservatives typically advocate for the preservation of traditional structures and values, viewing rapid social experimentation with skepticism.

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What is the social conservative perspective on the role of religious institutions in public life?

Answer: They generally support religious institutions' participation in the public sphere.

Explanation: Social conservatives typically endorse the role of religious institutions in public life, viewing them as crucial contributors to societal morality and order.

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According to sociologist Harry F. Dahms, what are the two main ideological domains within American social conservatism?

Answer: Christian doctrinal issues and gun-use advocacy.

Explanation: Sociologist Harry F. Dahms identifies Christian doctrinal issues and gun-use advocacy as the two principal ideological domains within American social conservatism.

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What does the term 'social inertia' relate to in the context of social conservatism?

Answer: Resistance to social change and maintenance of the status quo.

Explanation: Social inertia refers to the tendency to resist social change and maintain the existing status quo, a concept aligned with social conservative principles.

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The concept of 'ordered liberty' for social conservatives implies:

Answer: Individual freedoms exercised within traditional and moral frameworks.

Explanation: For social conservatives, 'ordered liberty' signifies that individual freedoms should operate within established social norms, traditions, and moral guidelines.

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Which of the following is a core principle generally agreed upon by most US social conservatives?

Answer: Opposition to abortion.

Explanation: Opposition to abortion is a widely shared principle among most US social conservatives.

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Which of the following is a characteristic often associated with 'Victorian morality' and social conservatism?

Answer: Strict social norms and a focus on traditional values.

Explanation: Victorian morality is characterized by strict social norms and an emphasis on traditional values, aligning closely with social conservatism.

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What is the significance of 'Sittlichkeit' for social conservatives?

Answer: It signifies ingrained moral habits and social norms contributing to cohesion.

Explanation: 'Sittlichkeit,' or ethical order, is significant for social conservatives as it represents the ingrained moral habits and social norms that foster societal cohesion.

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Social conservatives generally believe that 'social order' is maintained through:

Answer: Adherence to traditional norms and established institutions.

Explanation: Social conservatives posit that social order is primarily maintained through adherence to traditional norms and established institutions.

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Social Conservatism vs. Other Ideologies

Social conservatism is a political philosophy exclusively focused on economic policies and free market principles.

Answer: False

Explanation: While economic considerations may arise, the primary focus of social conservatism lies in moral values and social structures, distinguishing it from philosophies centered solely on economics.

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Traditionalist conservatism and social conservatism are identical political philosophies with no significant distinctions.

Answer: False

Explanation: While closely related and often overlapping, social conservatism is typically more focused on moral issues, whereas traditionalist conservatism encompasses a broader philosophical approach to societal structures and history.

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Paleoconservatism and social conservatism have minimal overlap in their core values.

Answer: False

Explanation: Paleoconservatism and social conservatism share significant overlap, particularly in their mutual emphasis on preserving traditional social forms and structures.

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Social conservatives generally view 'social progressivism' as a positive force that enhances traditional values.

Answer: False

Explanation: Social conservatives typically view social progressivism as potentially disruptive to traditional values and established social structures, rather than as a positive enhancement.

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Sittlichkeit, or ethical order, is generally opposed by social conservatives.

Answer: False

Explanation: Sittlichkeit, representing ingrained moral habits and social norms, is generally valued by social conservatives as it contributes to social cohesion and order.

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The primary opposition to social conservatism in the United States comes from social progressivism.

Answer: True

Explanation: In the United States, social conservatism is a right-wing ideology that frequently finds its primary opposition in social progressivism, which advocates for different societal values and structures.

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How does social conservatism differ from traditionalist conservatism according to the source?

Answer: Social conservatism is centered on moral issues, while traditional conservatism is more philosophical and encompassing.

Explanation: While related, social conservatism primarily focuses on moral issues, whereas traditionalist conservatism encompasses a broader philosophical perspective on societal structures and history.

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How do social conservatives typically view 'social progressivism'?

Answer: As potentially disruptive to traditional values and social structures.

Explanation: Social conservatives generally perceive social progressivism as potentially disruptive to established traditions and social structures.

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Social Conservatism in Practice: National Contexts

The Liberal-National Coalition in Australia is exclusively defined by its social conservative ideology.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Liberal-National Coalition in Australia primarily adheres to liberal conservatism, although it encompasses members with socially conservative viewpoints. It is not exclusively defined by social conservatism.

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Social conservatism is generally more prominent in the public sphere in Canada than in the United States.

Answer: False

Explanation: Social conservatism is generally less prominent in the public sphere in Canada compared to its influence in the United States.

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Stephen Harper's prime ministership in Canada prioritized fiscal conservatism over social conservative issues.

Answer: True

Explanation: During Stephen Harper's tenure as Prime Minister of Canada, the political focus largely prioritized fiscal conservatism, with minimal emphasis placed on social conservative issues.

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Social conservatism in the Islamic world is identical in its principles and application to Western social conservatism.

Answer: False

Explanation: Social conservatism in the Islamic world often differs significantly from Western interpretations due to its foundation in Islamic law (Sharia) and distinct cultural contexts.

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The Arab Spring has led to a decrease in social and moral conservatism in the Arab world.

Answer: False

Explanation: Recent analyses suggest that the Arab Spring has, in fact, contributed to an increase in social and moral conservatism within the Arab world.

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The Hindutva movement in India views Hinduism solely as a religion, not as a national identity.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Hindutva movement fundamentally views Hinduism as a national identity, embodying nativist principles, rather than solely as a religion.

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Hindu social conservatives in India aim to replace separate religious personal laws with a Uniform Civil Code.

Answer: True

Explanation: A key objective for Hindu social conservatives in India is the implementation of a Uniform Civil Code, which would supersede the existing separate personal laws for different religious communities.

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Social conservatism played a role in Apartheid-era South Africa, influencing regulations on business hours and social activities.

Answer: True

Explanation: During the Apartheid era in South Africa, social conservatism influenced government policies, leading to strict regulations on various social activities and business operations.

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Social conservatives are most influential in the Northeastern United States and played a key role in supporting Democratic presidential coalitions.

Answer: False

Explanation: Social conservatives tend to be most influential in the Southern United States and have historically supported Republican presidential coalitions, not Democratic ones.

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Social conservatives in Canada have historically found representation in parties like the Social Credit Party and the Reform Party.

Answer: True

Explanation: Social conservatives in Canada, when feeling unrepresented by major parties, have historically found political representation in parties such as the Social Credit Party and the Reform Party of Canada.

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The core philosophy of the Hindutva movement is nativism, viewing Hinduism as a national identity.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Hindutva movement's central philosophy is nativism, which posits Hinduism as a defining national identity.

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Which Australian political entity primarily adheres to liberal conservatism, though containing socially conservative members?

Answer: The Liberal-National Coalition

Explanation: The Liberal-National Coalition in Australia is primarily characterized by liberal conservatism, though it includes members who hold socially conservative views.

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How does the prominence of social conservatism in Canada generally compare to the United States?

Answer: It is less prominent in Canada compared to the United States.

Explanation: Social conservatism is generally less prominent in the public sphere in Canada when compared to its influence and visibility in the United States.

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What distinguishes social conservatism in the Islamic world from its Western counterparts?

Answer: Its basis in the understanding and application of Islamic law (Sharia).

Explanation: A key distinguishing factor for social conservatism in the Islamic world is its grounding in the interpretation and application of Islamic law (Sharia), which differs from Western contexts.

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What impact has the Arab Spring had on social conservatism in the Arab world?

Answer: It has contributed to an increase in social and moral conservatism.

Explanation: The Arab Spring has been observed to contribute to an increase in social and moral conservatism within the Arab world.

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What is the central philosophy of the Hindutva movement in India?

Answer: Nativism, viewing Hinduism as a national identity.

Explanation: The core philosophy of the Hindutva movement is nativism, which defines Hinduism as a national identity.

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What key political objective do Hindu social conservatives in India aim to achieve regarding civil law?

Answer: Implementing a Uniform Civil Code for all citizens.

Explanation: Hindu social conservatives in India advocate for the implementation of a Uniform Civil Code to replace the existing system of separate personal laws based on religion.

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In which US regions are social conservatives most influential?

Answer: Southern states

Explanation: Social conservatives tend to exert the most influence in the Southern regions of the United States.

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What is the core philosophy of Hindu social conservatism, known as the Hindutva movement?

Answer: Nativism, viewing Hinduism as a national identity

Explanation: The Hindutva movement's core philosophy is nativism, which defines Hinduism as a national identity.

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Political Manifestations and Movements

Historian Jon Wiener suggested that social conservatism appealed to lower-class workers by framing itself as a protector of their wealth against perceived threats like immigration.

Answer: True

Explanation: Jon Wiener posited that social conservatism historically attracted lower-class workers by presenting itself as a bulwark against perceived threats, such as immigration, to their economic stability.

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The Indian Union Muslim League is an example of a Hindu nationalist organization.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Indian Union Muslim League is an example of a socially conservative Muslim organization, distinct from Hindu nationalist groups.

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The Republican Party in the United States is known for incorporating socially liberal ideals into its platform.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Republican Party in the United States is predominantly associated with socially conservative ideals, not socially liberal ones.

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The 'National Right' faction within Australia's Liberal Party aligns with social conservative viewpoints.

Answer: True

Explanation: The 'National Right' faction, also known as the 'Conservative' or 'Right' faction, represents the social conservative wing within Australia's Liberal Party.

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'Blue Labour' refers to a faction within the UK Conservative Party advocating for socially liberal policies.

Answer: False

Explanation: 'Blue Labour' denotes a faction within the UK Labour Party that incorporates socially conservative ideas, not a faction within the Conservative Party advocating for liberal policies.

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The Justice and Development Party in Morocco is an example of a socially liberal political party.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Justice and Development Party in Morocco is identified as a socially conservative political party.

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The Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal alliance in Pakistan is composed of socially liberal and secular political parties.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal alliance in Pakistan is composed of socially conservative and Islamist political parties.

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The Austrian People's Party is identified as a socially liberal party in Austria.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) is generally considered a conservative party, often incorporating socially conservative elements, rather than being identified as socially liberal.

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The Christian Democratic Union of Germany is primarily associated with social liberalism.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) is primarily associated with conservatism, often incorporating socially conservative positions, rather than social liberalism.

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The Law and Justice party in Poland is considered socially liberal.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Law and Justice (PiS) party in Poland is widely considered a socially conservative party.

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The UK Independence Party (UKIP) is noted for its socially liberal stance.

Answer: False

Explanation: The UK Independence Party (UKIP) has historically been associated with socially conservative positions, particularly concerning immigration and national identity.

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The Democratic Unionist Party in Northern Ireland is specifically noted for its socially liberal positions.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) in Northern Ireland is known for its socially conservative stance, particularly on issues such as abortion and LGBTQ+ rights.

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The House Freedom Caucus is a group of liberal Democrats in the US House of Representatives.

Answer: False

Explanation: The House Freedom Caucus is a group of conservative Republican members in the United States House of Representatives, functioning as a social conservative faction.

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Pauline Hanson's One Nation party in Australia is known for its socially liberal platform.

Answer: False

Explanation: Pauline Hanson's One Nation party in Australia is generally characterized by a right-wing populist and socially conservative platform.

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The Christian Heritage Party of Canada is identified with socially liberal ideals.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Christian Heritage Party of Canada is known for its socially conservative platform, not for socially liberal ideals.

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VIA, the Way of the People, is a French political party identified with social conservatism.

Answer: True

Explanation: VIA, the Way of the People, is recognized as a French political party that aligns with social conservative principles.

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According to Jon Wiener, what was a key historical appeal of social conservatism to lower-class workers?

Answer: Its framing as a protector of their wealth against threats like immigration.

Explanation: Jon Wiener suggested that social conservatism historically appealed to lower-class workers by positioning itself as a defender of their economic interests against perceived threats, such as immigration.

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Which major US political party most prominently incorporates socially conservative ideals?

Answer: The Republican Party

Explanation: The Republican Party in the United States is the major political party most consistently associated with and incorporating socially conservative ideals into its platform.

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Which French political party is identified as having social conservative tendencies?

Answer: VIA, the Way of the People

Explanation: VIA, the Way of the People, is a French political party recognized for its social conservative orientation.

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The 'National Right' within Australia's Liberal Party represents which wing?

Answer: The social conservative wing

Explanation: The 'National Right' faction within Australia's Liberal Party represents its social conservative wing.

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What does 'Blue Labour' refer to?

Answer: A faction within the UK Labour Party incorporating socially conservative ideas.

Explanation: 'Blue Labour' refers to a faction within the UK Labour Party that integrates socially conservative perspectives into its political platform.

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Which of the following Australian parties is noted for having social conservative elements?

Answer: Family First Party

Explanation: Family First Party is an Australian political party noted for its social conservative elements.

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The Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal is an alliance in which country composed of socially conservative and Islamist parties?

Answer: Pakistan

Explanation: The Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal is an alliance in Pakistan comprising socially conservative and Islamist political parties.

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Which of the following is a socially conservative political party in Austria?

Answer: The Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)

Explanation: The Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) is identified as a socially conservative political party in Austria.

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The House Freedom Caucus in the US functions as a faction primarily representing which ideology?

Answer: Social conservatives within the Republican Party

Explanation: The House Freedom Caucus is a group of conservative Republican members in the U.S. House of Representatives, functioning as a social conservative faction.

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