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The formation of basic social units like families or clubs is primarily driven by uncontrolled, spontaneous human interactions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The formation of basic social units is driven by 'controlled forms of human interaction,' such as affiliation, pooling of collective resources, substitutability of individuals, and recorded control, rather than spontaneous interactions.
Proximity within a social organization tends to weaken the sense of community and shared identity among its members.
Answer: False
Explanation: Physical proximity within a social organization generally helps to build a stronger sense of community and fosters a shared identity among its members, rather than weakening it.
Belonging to a social organization can lead to separation from individuals outside the group due to differences in thought or perspective.
Answer: True
Explanation: While social organizations connect like-minded individuals, they can also lead to a separation from those outside the group, often due to differing perspectives, creating distinct in-group and out-group dynamics.
The four key interactions determining a group's cohesion are strong affiliation, collective resources, individual substitutability, and recorded control.
Answer: True
Explanation: The four key interactions that determine a group's cohesion are indeed strong affiliation within the group, collective resources, the substitutability of individuals, and recorded control.
Affiliation within an organization means an individual's passive acceptance of membership without any obligation to participate.
Answer: False
Explanation: Affiliation within an organization implies a strong connection and acceptance as a member, which includes an obligation for active participation, not passive acceptance.
An organization's power is diminished by the collective resources contributed by its affiliates, as it creates dependency.
Answer: False
Explanation: An organization's power is actually augmented by the collective resources contributed by its affiliates, as these resources motivate members to continuously work towards improving the organization.
The substitutability of individuals is crucial for an organization's long-term survival, as it ensures continued operation if members leave.
Answer: True
Explanation: The substitutability of individuals is indeed crucial for an organization's long-term survival, as it ensures the organization can continue to operate even if members depart.
Recorded control in a social group primarily serves to limit communication and restrict member interactions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Recorded control in a social group primarily serves to document processes and information, making operations clearer and more organized, rather than limiting communication or restricting interactions.
What type of human interaction is essential for the formation of basic social units like families or clubs?
Answer: Controlled forms of interaction such as affiliation and recorded control.
Explanation: The formation of basic social units is predicated upon 'controlled forms of human interaction,' including affiliation, pooling of collective resources, substitutability of individuals, and recorded control.
How does physical proximity generally affect a social organization?
Answer: It helps build a stronger sense of community and fosters shared identity.
Explanation: Physical proximity within a social organization generally helps to build a stronger sense of community and fosters a shared identity among its members.
What is a potential consequence of belonging to a social organization regarding individuals outside the group?
Answer: It can lead to separation from individuals not part of the organization due to differing perspectives.
Explanation: While social organizations connect like-minded people, they can also lead to a separation from individuals who are not part of the organization, primarily due to differences in thought or perspective.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four key interactions that determine a group's cohesion?
Answer: Individual financial independence
Explanation: The four key interactions determining a group's cohesion are strong affiliation, collective resources, the substitutability of individuals, and recorded control. Individual financial independence is not listed as one of these interactions.
What does 'affiliation' mean in the context of a social organization?
Answer: Having a strong connection and acceptance as a member, implying an obligation to participate.
Explanation: Affiliation within an organization means having a strong connection and acceptance as a member, implying an obligation for active participation and reciprocal engagement.
How do collective resources contribute to an organization's power and motivation?
Answer: The organization gains power through them, motivating members to improve it.
Explanation: An organization gains power through the collective resources contributed by its affiliates, and members are motivated to continuously work towards improving the organization due to their investment in these resources.
Why is 'substitutability of individuals' important for an organization's survival?
Answer: It ensures that no single member is indispensable, allowing for continued operation if members leave.
Explanation: The substitutability of individuals is crucial for an organization's long-term survival because it ensures uninterrupted operation even if members depart, as no single member is indispensable.
What is the primary purpose of 'recorded control' in a social group?
Answer: To document processes and information, making things clearer and more organized.
Explanation: The primary purpose of 'recorded control' in a social group is to systematically document processes and information, thereby enhancing clarity and organization for smoother operations.
A hierarchical system in social organizations is primarily for administrative record-keeping and has little influence on group cohesion.
Answer: False
Explanation: A hierarchical system in social organizations significantly influences how the group is organized and its likelihood of remaining cohesive, defining levels of authority and responsibility, rather than merely serving administrative record-keeping.
Bureaucracy in large-scale organizations is typically implemented to reduce efficiency and increase operational complexity.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bureaucracy in large-scale organizations is typically implemented to maximize efficiency and ensure smooth operation, not to reduce efficiency or increase complexity.
The impersonal authority approach in managerial control emphasizes close personal relationships between those in power and other members.
Answer: False
Explanation: The impersonal authority approach in managerial control is characterized by a detached and impersonal position of power, aiming to ensure smooth operations and effectiveness without reliance on close personal relationships.
An interdependent organization, where departments rely on each other, benefits less from a hierarchical management system than a parallel organization.
Answer: False
Explanation: An interdependent organization, characterized by mutual reliance among departments, benefits more from a hierarchical management system due to the critical need for cohesiveness across all its parts, unlike a parallel organization.
What is the primary significance of a hierarchical system within social organizations?
Answer: It influences the group's organization and its likelihood of remaining cohesive.
Explanation: A hierarchical system within social organizations profoundly influences how the group is organized and its propensity for sustained cohesion, defining levels of authority and responsibility.
What is the primary goal of implementing bureaucracy in large-scale social organizations?
Answer: To maximize efficiency and ensure smooth operation.
Explanation: The primary goal of implementing bureaucracy in large-scale social organizations is to maximize efficiency and ensure the seamless and consistent operation of the entity.
In which type of organizational structure does a hierarchical management system become more beneficial due to the need for cohesiveness across all parts?
Answer: An interdependent organization.
Explanation: An interdependent organization, where departments are mutually reliant, significantly benefits more from a hierarchical management system due to the imperative for cohesive integration across all constituent parts.
In collectivism, the core unit is the individual, with an emphasis on individual self-identity and agency.
Answer: False
Explanation: In collectivism, the core unit is the collective group, emphasizing collective identity and agency, whereas individualism prioritizes the individual and individual self-identity.
Psychologically, collectivism increases the likelihood that individuals will integrate and assimilate new information into existing frameworks.
Answer: True
Explanation: Psychologically, collectivism indeed increases the likelihood that individuals will include, relate, and assimilate new information, integrating it into existing cognitive frameworks.
What is the core unit and primary emphasis in collectivism?
Answer: The collective group, prioritizing collective identity and agency.
Explanation: In collectivism, the fundamental unit is the collective group, emphasizing collective identity and agency, and prioritizing the collective's values over individual ones.
How does an individualist orientation psychologically influence information processing?
Answer: It increases the probability of contrasting, pulling apart, and separating information.
Explanation: Psychologically, an individualist orientation increases the likelihood of contrasting, differentiating, and separating information, rather than integrating or assimilating it.
Which geographical region has been the primary focus of research on collectivism?
Answer: East Asia.
Explanation: Most research on collectivism has originated from East Asia, indicating a geographical concentration in the existing academic literature.