Enter a player name to begin or load your saved progress.
The South Caucasus region is situated exclusively within the continent of Asia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The South Caucasus region is geographically situated on the border between Eastern Europe and West Asia, not exclusively within Asia.
Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan are the primary modern countries encompassed by the South Caucasus region.
Answer: True
Explanation: Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan are indeed the primary modern nations typically included within the geographical designation of the South Caucasus.
The South Caucasus is a distinct geographical area separate from the larger Caucasus region.
Answer: False
Explanation: The South Caucasus is part of the larger Caucasus geographical region, which also includes the North Caucasus. It refers specifically to the southern portion.
The total land area of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan combined is approximately 186,100 square kilometers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The combined land area of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan is approximately 186,100 square kilometers.
The South Caucasus geography is defined solely by mountain ranges, lacking any significant lowland areas.
Answer: False
Explanation: The geography of the South Caucasus includes both mountain ranges, such as the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, and significant lowland areas like the Kura-Aras Lowlands.
The Caspian Sea forms the western border of the South Caucasus region.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Caspian Sea forms the eastern border of the South Caucasus region, while the Black Sea forms the western border.
The Lesser Caucasus mountain range is located entirely outside the South Caucasus geographical designation.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Lesser Caucasus mountain range is a significant geographical feature located within the South Caucasus region.
Only Armenia is entirely situated within the boundaries of the South Caucasus.
Answer: False
Explanation: While all of Armenia is within the South Caucasus, the majority of Georgia and Azerbaijan are also considered part of this region.
The definition of the South Caucasus region includes parts of Iran and Turkey.
Answer: True
Explanation: The broader definition of the South Caucasus region does indeed include territories belonging to Iran and Turkey, in addition to Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.
The South Caucasus region observes only one time zone, UTC+04:00.
Answer: False
Explanation: The South Caucasus region observes multiple time zones, including UTC+04:00, UTC+03:30, and UTC+03:00.
Shkhara, located on the Georgia-Russia border, is the highest mountain mentioned for the South Caucasus.
Answer: True
Explanation: Shkhara, situated on the Georgia-Russia border, is identified as the highest mountain within the South Caucasus region, standing at 5,203 meters.
What is the primary geographical location of the South Caucasus region?
Answer: On the border between Eastern Europe and West Asia, south of the main Caucasus range.
Explanation: The South Caucasus is geographically situated on the border between Eastern Europe and West Asia, south of the main Caucasus range.
Which three modern nations are typically considered the core countries of the South Caucasus?
Answer: Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan
Explanation: The core countries typically considered part of the South Caucasus are Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.
What is the approximate combined land area of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan?
Answer: About 186,100 square kilometers
Explanation: The approximate combined land area of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan is 186,100 square kilometers.
Which major bodies of water serve as the western and eastern boundaries of the South Caucasus region?
Answer: Black Sea (West) and Caspian Sea (East)
Explanation: The Black Sea serves as the western boundary, and the Caspian Sea serves as the eastern boundary of the South Caucasus region.
Besides the main three Caucasian states, which other countries have territories considered part of the broader South Caucasus definition?
Answer: Iran and Turkey
Explanation: Beyond Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, parts of Iran and Turkey are also included within the broader definition of the South Caucasus region.
What is the highest mountain mentioned in the South Caucasus region?
Answer: Shkhara
Explanation: Shkhara, standing at 5,203 meters and located on the Georgia-Russia border, is mentioned as the highest mountain in the South Caucasus region.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a specific geographical feature within the South Caucasus in the source?
Answer: Ural Mountains
Explanation: The Ural Mountains are not listed as a geographical feature within the South Caucasus; features like the Colchis Lowlands, Javakheti Plateau, and Talysh Mountains are mentioned.
Ancient Greek historians like Herodotus and Strabo did not document the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ancient Greek historians, including Herodotus and Strabo, did document the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus in their writings.
During the Middle Ages, migrations into the Caucasus were limited and had minimal cultural impact.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Middle Ages saw significant migrations and invasions into the Caucasus by various groups, which profoundly impacted the region's culture and facilitated the spread of languages and religions.
The South Caucasus has historically been influenced or ruled by empires including the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires.
Answer: True
Explanation: The South Caucasus has indeed been historically influenced or ruled by numerous empires, including the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires, among others.
Zoroastrianism remained the dominant religion in the South Caucasus throughout antiquity, unaffected by the rise of Christianity.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Zoroastrianism was dominant in antiquity, its prevalence declined with the rise of Christianity in the region, although Persian influence persisted.
The Arab conquest in the 8th century led to the spread of Islam across most of the South Caucasus.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Arab conquest in the 8th century resulted in the incorporation of much of the South Caucasus into the Caliphate, facilitating the spread of Islam throughout the region.
The Arsacid dynasties were established in the South Caucasus by the Byzantine Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Arsacid dynasties were established in the South Caucasus by the Iranian Parthians, not the Byzantine Empire.
Which ancient Greek historians are mentioned as having written about the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus?
Answer: Herodotus and Strabo
Explanation: Ancient Greek historians Herodotus and Strabo are mentioned as having written about the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus.
What was a significant impact of the migrations and invasions during the Middle Ages in the South Caucasus?
Answer: Facilitation of the spread of Iranian languages and Islamic religion
Explanation: Migrions and invasions during the Middle Ages significantly influenced the culture of the South Caucasus peoples and facilitated the spread of Iranian languages and Islamic religion.
Which of the following empires did NOT historically control or influence the South Caucasus, according to the source?
Answer: Han Dynasty (China)
Explanation: The Han Dynasty (China) is not mentioned as having historically controlled or influenced the South Caucasus, unlike empires such as the Achaemenid, Mongol, and Russian Empires.
How did the religious landscape of the South Caucasus evolve during antiquity?
Answer: Zoroastrianism initially dominated but declined with the rise of Christianity, despite lingering Persian influence.
Explanation: During antiquity, Zoroastrianism was initially dominant but declined with the rise of Christianity, though Persian influence persisted, leading to a complex religious dynamic.
What was the consequence of the Umayyad Caliphate's expansion into the South Caucasus in the 8th century?
Answer: Most of the South Caucasus became part of the Caliphate, spreading Islam.
Explanation: The Umayyad Caliphate's expansion in the 8th century led to the incorporation of much of the South Caucasus into the Caliphate, facilitating the spread of Islam.
The Kars Oblast and Surmalu uezd were territories annexed by the Ottoman Empire from Russia in the late 19th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Kars Oblast and Surmalu uezd were territories annexed by the Russian Empire from the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th century, not the other way around.
The Treaty of Gulistan ceded all of modern-day Armenia to Russia from Iran.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Treaty of Gulistan resulted in Iran ceding territories including modern-day Dagestan and Eastern Georgia to Russia, but not all of modern-day Armenia.
Under Russian rule in the 19th century, the South Caucasus territories were administered as a single viceroyalty.
Answer: True
Explanation: From 1844 onwards, the South Caucasus territories were consolidated and administered as a single czarist government-general, often referred to as a viceroyalty.
The Russian Empire's expansion through the Russo-Persian Wars led to the South Caucasus strengthening its ties with Iran.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Russian Empire's expansion through the Russo-Persian Wars resulted in the South Caucasus being ceded to Russia, thereby severing historic ties with Iran.
The administrative structure under Russian rule consolidated the region into a single czarist government-general by 1844.
Answer: True
Explanation: By 1844, the Russian Empire had consolidated the South Caucasus territories into a single czarist government-general, often functioning as a viceroyalty.
Which treaty concluded the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 and resulted in Iran losing control over modern-day Armenia?
Answer: Treaty of Turkmenchay
Explanation: The Treaty of Turkmenchay, concluded after the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828, resulted in Iran ceding control over territories including all of modern-day Armenia to Russia.
How did the Russian Empire administer the South Caucasus territories after 1844?
Answer: As a unified czarist government-general, often termed a viceroyalty.
Explanation: After 1844, the Russian Empire administered the South Caucasus territories as a unified czarist government-general, often functioning as a viceroyalty.
The geopolitical landscape of the South Caucasus is characterized by stable, unified political pathways pursued by all its nations.
Answer: False
Explanation: The geopolitical landscape of the South Caucasus is complex and dynamic, with nations pursuing distinct political pathways, which contributes to the region's complexity rather than stability.
Religious and ethnic diversity is a minor factor contributing to the political tension in the South Caucasus.
Answer: False
Explanation: Religious and ethnic diversity, alongside historical rivalries, is identified as a major factor contributing to the political tension in the South Caucasus.
Abkhazia and South Ossetia are examples of disputed territories within the South Caucasus.
Answer: True
Explanation: Abkhazia and South Ossetia are indeed recognized as heavily disputed territories located within the South Caucasus region.
The South Caucasus was unified politically as a single republic twice in the 20th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The South Caucasus region was unified politically as a single republic on two occasions in the 20th century: briefly in 1918 and then as the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic from 1922 to 1936.
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the South Caucasus countries immediately dissolved into separate administrative regions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the South Caucasus countries regained their independence as sovereign nations, rather than dissolving into separate administrative regions.
The 2008 Russo-Georgian War helped stabilize the South Caucasus region.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2008 Russo-Georgian War is cited as an event that contributed to instability in the South Caucasus region.
Georgia has primarily sought integration with Russia, while Azerbaijan has focused on ties with the EU.
Answer: False
Explanation: Georgia has pursued integration with Europe (EU and NATO), while Armenia has maintained ties with Russia and developed EU relations, and Azerbaijan has strategically partnered with Turkey.
All three South Caucasus countries are members of the Council of Europe and the OSCE.
Answer: True
Explanation: Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia are all members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
Georgia was the first country in the South Caucasus to be recommended for EU candidate status in late 2023.
Answer: True
Explanation: In late 2023, Georgia received a recommendation for EU candidate status, making it the first country in the South Caucasus to achieve this milestone.
Armenia officially endorsed its EU accession in early 2025 after the European Parliament passed a resolution.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following a European Parliament resolution, Armenia's parliament approved a bill officially endorsing its EU accession in early 2025.
The 'EU Strategy for the South Caucasus' indicates a formal policy framework for EU engagement with the region.
Answer: True
Explanation: The mention of the 'EU Strategy for the South Caucasus' signifies a formal policy framework established by the European Union for its engagement with the region.
Post-independence geopolitical strategies show Azerbaijan relying heavily on Russia, while Georgia focuses on Turkey.
Answer: False
Explanation: Post-independence geopolitical strategies indicate Azerbaijan has strategically partnered with Turkey, Georgia has pursued integration with Europe, and Armenia has maintained ties with Russia.
The mention of 'Post-Soviet states' highlights the South Caucasus countries' shared history within the former USSR.
Answer: True
Explanation: The inclusion of 'Post-Soviet states' in related sections emphasizes the shared historical context of the South Caucasus countries within the former Soviet Union and their subsequent independence.
What factors does the source identify as contributing to the political tension in the South Caucasus?
Answer: A complex mix of religions, ethno-linguistic groups, and historical rivalries
Explanation: Political tension in the South Caucasus arises from a complex mix of religions, ethno-linguistic groups, and historical rivalries, further complicated by disputed territories.
Which two heavily disputed territories are mentioned as being located within the South Caucasus?
Answer: Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Explanation: Abkhazia and South Ossetia are identified as two heavily disputed territories situated within the South Caucasus.
What were the two distinct periods of political unification for the South Caucasus in the 20th century?
Answer: 1918 (April-May) and 1922-1936
Explanation: The two distinct periods of political unification for the South Caucasus in the 20th century were the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (April-May 1918) and the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1922-1936).
Which event in 2008 significantly contributed to instability in the South Caucasus?
Answer: The Russo-Georgian War
Explanation: The Russo-Georgian War in 2008 significantly contributed to instability in the South Caucasus region.
Which direction best describes Georgia's primary geopolitical strategy since independence?
Answer: Integration into wider European society, seeking NATO and EU ties.
Explanation: Since independence, Georgia's primary geopolitical strategy has been integration into wider European society, seeking ties with NATO and the EU.
Which international organizations include all three South Caucasus countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia) as members?
Answer: Council of Europe, OSCE, and EU's Eastern Partnership
Explanation: All three South Caucasus countries are members of the Council of Europe and the OSCE, among other international organizations.
The South Caucasus is primarily known for its mineral resources like oil and manganese ore, with little agricultural output.
Answer: False
Explanation: The South Caucasus is known for both mineral resources such as oil and manganese ore, and significant agricultural output including tea, citrus fruits, and wine.
The historical population table shows a steady population decline in all South Caucasus countries from 1897 to 2014.
Answer: False
Explanation: The historical population data for the South Caucasus countries from 1897 to 2014 indicates demographic fluctuations, not a steady decline throughout the entire period.
Vitis vinifera, the wine-producing vine, is native to regions including Turkey and Armenia.
Answer: True
Explanation: Vitis vinifera, the species of vine responsible for wine production, is native to regions that include Turkey, Armenia, and Georgia.
The prevailing theory suggests wine production originated in Mesopotamia, not the South Caucasus.
Answer: False
Explanation: Some theories propose the South Caucasus region as the origin of wine production, supported by archaeological evidence, rather than Mesopotamia.
The earliest archaeological evidence for wine, dating back to 8000-5000 BC, has been found in Georgia and Iran.
Answer: True
Explanation: The earliest archaeological evidence for wine, dating back to 8000-5000 BC, has been found in Georgia and Iran, with specific findings in Georgia dating to approximately 8000 BC.
The earliest known winery was discovered in modern-day Turkey.
Answer: False
Explanation: The earliest known winery, dated to approximately 4000 BC, was discovered in Armenia, not Turkey.
World War I and the Russian Revolution caused a population increase in the South Caucasus around 1920-1922.
Answer: False
Explanation: World War I and the Russian Revolution led to a population decrease in the South Caucasus around 1920-1922, not an increase.
The population of Georgia in 1926 was recorded as approximately 2.67 million.
Answer: True
Explanation: The population of Georgia in 1926 was recorded as approximately 2,666,494, which is about 2.67 million.
The term 'Ibero-Caucasian languages' refers to a classification of languages spoken primarily in the Iberian Peninsula.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'Ibero-Caucasian languages' refers to a proposed linguistic classification for languages spoken in the Caucasus region, not primarily in the Iberian Peninsula.
The demographic data covers historical population figures from 1897 up to the early 21st century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The demographic data presented covers historical population figures spanning from 1897 up to the early 21st century (specifically 2009-2014).
What is Vitis vinifera, and what is its connection to the South Caucasus?
Answer: The wine-producing vine species, native to areas including the South Caucasus.
Explanation: Vitis vinifera is the wine-producing vine species, and it is native to regions including the South Caucasus, indicating the area's ancient connection to viticulture.
Where was the world's earliest known winery discovered, according to archaeological findings?
Answer: In Armenia, dating to 4000 BC
Explanation: According to archaeological findings, the world's earliest known winery, dated to approximately 4000 BC, was discovered in Armenia.
What historical events are cited as causes for the population decline in the South Caucasus between 1914 and 1922?
Answer: World War I and the Russian Revolution
Explanation: World War I and the Russian Revolution are cited as the primary historical events causing population decline in the South Caucasus between 1914 and 1922.
The term 'Transcaucasia' originates from a Latin translation of a Russian term meaning 'in front of the Caucasus'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term "Transcaucasia" is a Latin rendering of the Russian word "Zakavkazye," which translates to "beyond the Caucasus," not "in front of the Caucasus."
The 'See also' section lists related topics like the North Caucasus and Eastern Europe.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'See also' section includes references to related geographical areas such as the North Caucasus and Eastern Europe, as well as post-Soviet states.
The 'Authority control' section helps users find standardized catalog information across different databases.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Authority control' section provides links to various databases, facilitating the retrieval of standardized catalog information and related resources for the South Caucasus.
The infobox image displays a map of the region prepared by the Russian State Department in 1994.
Answer: False
Explanation: The infobox image displays a map of the Caucasus region prepared by the U.S. State Department in 1994, not the Russian State Department.
The 'Caucasus' entry in 'See also' refers only to the North Caucasus region.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Caucasus' entry in the 'See also' section refers to the broader geographical region encompassing both the South and North Caucasus.
The term 'Transcaucasia' is a Latin rendering of a Russian word meaning:
Answer: Beyond the Caucasus
Explanation: The term "Transcaucasia" is a Latin rendering of the Russian word "Zakavkazye," which translates to "beyond the Caucasus."
What does the mention of 'EU Strategy for the South Caucasus' suggest?
Answer: A formal EU policy framework for engagement with the region.
Explanation: The mention of the 'EU Strategy for the South Caucasus' suggests a formal policy framework established by the European Union for its engagement with the region.