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Spain is officially known as the Kingdom of Spain and is considered a transcontinental country due to territories in North Africa.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that Spain is officially the Kingdom of Spain and is considered a transcontinental country due to its territories in North Africa.
Peninsular Spain is bordered to the east and south exclusively by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Answer: False
Explanation: Peninsular Spain is bordered to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar, not exclusively by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Barcelona serves as both the capital and the largest city of Spain.
Answer: False
Explanation: Madrid serves as both the capital and the largest city of Spain, not Barcelona.
The precise etymology of 'Hispania,' from which 'Spain' is derived, is uncertain, though 'land of rabbits' is a supported interpretation.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the precise etymology of 'Hispania' is uncertain, but 'land of rabbits' is a supported interpretation, backed by Roman coins and Strabo's writings.
Archaeological evidence at Atapuerca suggests hominids first populated the Iberian Peninsula approximately 500,000 years ago.
Answer: False
Explanation: Archaeological research at Atapuerca indicates that hominids first populated the Iberian Peninsula approximately 1.3 million years ago, not 500,000 years ago.
The Altamira cave paintings, created by Cro-Magnon people, are significant prehistoric artifacts found in northern Iberia.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Altamira cave in Cantabria is known for its prehistoric paintings created by Cro-Magnon people, making them significant artifacts in northern Iberia.
What is the official name of Spain?
Answer: The Kingdom of Spain
Explanation: The official name of Spain is the Kingdom of Spain.
Which of the following does NOT border Peninsular Spain to the north?
Answer: Portugal
Explanation: Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay. Portugal borders it to the west.
Which city serves as both the capital and the largest city of Spain?
Answer: Madrid
Explanation: Madrid serves as both the capital and the largest city of Spain.
From which ancient term, used by the Romans for the Iberian Peninsula, is the name 'Spain' derived?
Answer: Hispania
Explanation: The name 'Spain' (España) is derived from 'Hispania,' the term used by the Ancient Romans for the Iberian Peninsula.
According to archaeological research at Atapuerca, approximately when did hominids first populate the Iberian Peninsula?
Answer: 1.3 million years ago
Explanation: Archaeological research at Atapuerca indicates that hominids first populated the Iberian Peninsula approximately 1.3 million years ago.
Which cave in northern Iberia is famous for its prehistoric artwork created by Cro-Magnon people?
Answer: Altamira
Explanation: The Altamira cave in Cantabria, northern Iberia, is famous for its prehistoric paintings created by Cro-Magnon people.
Before the Roman conquest, the Celts were primarily located on the Mediterranean side of the Iberian Peninsula.
Answer: False
Explanation: Before the Roman conquest, the Iberians lived on the Mediterranean side, while the Celts occupied much of the interior and Atlantic sides of the peninsula.
The Roman Republic maintained control over the Iberian Peninsula for more than six centuries after a conquest that took nearly two centuries.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Roman Republic took nearly two centuries to conquer the Iberian Peninsula and subsequently maintained control for more than six centuries.
Roman rule in Hispania primarily focused on military expansion and did not significantly contribute to the region's legal or linguistic foundations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Roman rule in Hispania established law, introduced Latin, and developed infrastructure, with many of Spain's current languages, religions, and legal foundations originating from this period.
Emperor Augustus and the philosopher Seneca were both notable figures born in Hispania during Roman rule.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Seneca was born in Hispania, Emperor Augustus was not. Emperors Hadrian, Trajan, and Theodosius I were born there.
The Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula collapsed due to a widespread internal rebellion in the early 8th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Visigothic Kingdom collapsed due to the Muslim conquest from across the Strait of Gibraltar in the early 8th century, not an internal rebellion.
The capture of Toledo in 1085 by Christian forces marked a significant shift in power during the Reconquista, favoring the Christian kingdoms.
Answer: True
Explanation: The capture of Toledo in 1085 by Christian forces marked a significant shift in the balance of power, favoring the Christian kingdoms during the Reconquista.
Before the Roman conquest, where were the Iberians primarily located on the Iberian Peninsula?
Answer: On the Mediterranean side
Explanation: Before the Roman conquest, the Iberians primarily lived on the Mediterranean side of the Iberian Peninsula.
Approximately how long did the Roman Republic maintain control over the Iberian Peninsula after its conquest?
Answer: More than six centuries
Explanation: The Roman Republic maintained control over the Iberian Peninsula for more than six centuries after its conquest.
Which of the following was a key contribution of Roman rule to Hispania's development?
Answer: The establishment of law, language (Latin), and Roman roads
Explanation: Key contributions of Roman rule to Hispania's development included the establishment of law, the Latin language, and a network of Roman roads.
Which of these Roman emperors was born in Hispania?
Answer: Trajan
Explanation: Emperors Hadrian, Trajan, and Theodosius I were all born in Hispania.
What event primarily led to the collapse of the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century?
Answer: The Muslim conquest from across the Strait of Gibraltar
Explanation: The Muslim conquest from across the Strait of Gibraltar in the early 8th century primarily led to the collapse of the Visigothic Kingdom.
What significant event in 1085 marked a shift in power during the Reconquista in favor of the Christian kingdoms?
Answer: The capture of Toledo by Christian forces
Explanation: The capture of Toledo by Christian forces in 1085 marked a significant shift in power during the Reconquista, favoring the Christian kingdoms.
The de facto unification of Spain as a nation-state is often attributed to the dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon in 1479.
Answer: True
Explanation: The dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon in 1479 under the Catholic Monarchs is considered the de facto unification of Spain.
After the Treaty of Granada, Islam was quickly outlawed in both Castile and Aragon, leading to the expulsion of many Moriscos.
Answer: True
Explanation: Although the Treaty of Granada initially guaranteed religious tolerance, Islam was later outlawed in Castile (1502) and Aragon (1527), leading to the expulsion of many nominally Christian Moriscos.
Habsburg Spain reached its peak as a world power during the 18th century, primarily under the reign of Charles III.
Answer: False
Explanation: Habsburg Spain reached its apogee during the 16th and 17th centuries, specifically under Charles V/I and Philip II, not the 18th century under Charles III (a Bourbon monarch).
Spain's maritime power consistently grew throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, culminating in the defeat of the English Armada.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Spain had maritime victories in the 16th century, its power declined in the mid-17th century, and the Spanish Armada suffered a setback in 1588, not a defeat of an English Armada.
The de facto unification of Spain as a nation-state is often attributed to the dynastic union of which two crowns in 1479?
Answer: The Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon
Explanation: The de facto unification of Spain as a nation-state is often attributed to the dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon in 1479.
Which two significant events concerning religious minorities and exploration occurred in Spain in 1492?
Answer: The expulsion of Jews and Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World
Explanation: In 1492, Jews were expelled from Castile and Aragon, and Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World.
What was the ultimate fate of many of the remaining Muslim population in Spain after Islam was outlawed in Castile and Aragon?
Answer: They became nominally Christian Moriscos, many of whom were later expelled to North Africa.
Explanation: After Islam was outlawed, the remaining Muslim population became nominally Christian Moriscos, many of whom were later expelled to North Africa.
During which reigns did Habsburg Spain reach its apogee as a world power?
Answer: Charles V/I and Philip II
Explanation: Habsburg Spain reached its apogee during the reigns of Charles V/I and Philip II.
Spain's maritime supremacy in the 16th century was demonstrated by victories over which two powers?
Answer: The Ottoman Empire and Portugal
Explanation: Spain's maritime supremacy in the 16th century was demonstrated by victories over the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and over Portugal at the Battle of Ponta Delgada (1582).
The War of the Spanish Succession was primarily caused by a dispute over colonial territories in the Americas.
Answer: False
Explanation: The War of the Spanish Succession was primarily caused by a controversy over succession to the Spanish throne, not a dispute over colonial territories.
The Bourbon Reforms in the 18th century aimed to decentralize authority and increase regional privileges in Spain.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Bourbon Reforms aimed to centralize authority and achieve administrative uniformity, abolishing many old regional privileges and laws.
The Peninsular War began after a secret treaty between Napoleon and Spain's prime minister led to French occupation of Spanish fortresses and the installation of a puppet kingdom.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Peninsular War was sparked by the 2 May 1808 revolt, which followed French occupation of Spanish fortresses and the installation of a puppet kingdom after a secret treaty between Napoleon and Spain's prime minister.
The Cortes of Cádiz successfully established a permanent constitutional monarchy in Spain that endured without interruption after the Peninsular War.
Answer: False
Explanation: Although the Cortes of Cádiz drafted a constitution for a constitutional monarchy, it was later dismissed by King Ferdinand VII, and thus did not endure without interruption.
Spain lost most of its American colonies by the end of 1826, retaining only Cuba and Puerto Rico, as a consequence of the Spanish American wars of independence.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Spanish American wars of independence resulted in Spain losing most of its American colonies by the end of 1826, retaining only Cuba and Puerto Rico.
What was the primary cause of the War of the Spanish Succession in the early 18th century?
Answer: A controversy over succession to the Spanish throne
Explanation: The War of the Spanish Succession was primarily caused by a controversy over succession to the Spanish throne.
What was the overarching goal of the 'Bourbon Reforms' in 18th-century Spain?
Answer: To centralize authority and achieve administrative uniformity
Explanation: The overarching goal of the 'Bourbon Reforms' in 18th-century Spain was to centralize authority and achieve administrative uniformity.
Which event directly sparked the Peninsular War against Napoleonic forces in Spain?
Answer: The 2 May 1808 revolt against the installed puppet kingdom
Explanation: The 2 May 1808 revolt against the installed puppet kingdom directly sparked the Peninsular War against Napoleonic forces in Spain.
What was the primary achievement of the Cortes of Cádiz during the Peninsular War?
Answer: Drafting a constitution for universal representation under a constitutional monarchy
Explanation: The primary achievement of the Cortes of Cádiz during the Peninsular War was drafting a constitution for universal representation under a constitutional monarchy.
By the end of 1826, what was the primary consequence for Spain of the Spanish American wars of independence?
Answer: Spain lost most of its American colonies.
Explanation: By the end of 1826, the primary consequence for Spain of the Spanish American wars of independence was the loss of most of its American colonies.
The La Canadiense strike in 1919 led to the introduction of Spain's first law limiting the working day to eight hours.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the La Canadiense strike in 1919, Spain introduced the first law limiting the working day to eight hours.
The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed in 1931 following a military coup that overthrew the monarchy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed in 1931 following municipal elections, which were seen as a plebiscite on the Monarchy, not a military coup.
During the Spanish Civil War, the Republican government received critical support from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Spanish Civil War, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy critically supported the Nationalist faction, while the Republican government was supported by the Soviet Union, Mexico, and International Brigades.
Spain's international isolation after World War II under Franco's regime ended in 1955 due to its strategic importance to the US during the Cold War.
Answer: True
Explanation: Spain's international isolation under Franco's regime ended in 1955 due to its strategic importance to the US during the Cold War, leading to a military presence and modernization efforts.
What significant labor law was introduced in Spain following the La Canadiense strike in 1919?
Answer: The first law limiting the working day to eight hours
Explanation: Following the La Canadiense strike in 1919, Spain introduced the first law limiting the working day to eight hours.
The proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931 was a direct result of what event?
Answer: The municipal elections of 12 April 1931
Explanation: The proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931 was a direct result of the municipal elections of 12 April 1931.
Which countries provided critical support to the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War?
Answer: Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
Explanation: Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy provided critical support to the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War.
Spain's international isolation under Franco's regime began to change in 1955 primarily due to what factor?
Answer: Its strategic importance to the US during the Cold War
Explanation: Spain's international isolation under Franco's regime began to change in 1955 primarily due to its strategic importance to the US during the Cold War.
The 1981 Spanish coup attempt was successfully put down by a popular uprising and civilian resistance.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1981 Spanish coup attempt was put down by King Juan Carlos I, who personally intervened and ordered the coup plotters to surrender.
Spain joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1982, four years before joining NATO.
Answer: False
Explanation: Spain joined NATO in May 1982 and then joined the European Economic Community in 1986, meaning it joined NATO before the EEC, not the other way around.
The 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis was primarily triggered by a sudden increase in government spending and public debt.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis was primarily triggered by the bursting of the Spanish property bubble, not a sudden increase in government spending and public debt.
Following the 2017 Catalan independence referendum, Catalonia was recognized as an independent state by several European countries.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the 2017 Catalan independence referendum, no country recognized Catalonia as a separate state.
How was the 1981 Spanish coup attempt resolved?
Answer: King Juan Carlos I personally intervened, ordering the coup plotters to surrender
Explanation: The 1981 Spanish coup attempt was resolved when King Juan Carlos I personally intervened, ordering the coup plotters to surrender.
When did Spain join the European Economic Community (later the European Union)?
Answer: 1986
Explanation: Spain joined the European Economic Community (later the European Union) in 1986.
What major economic event triggered the 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis?
Answer: The bursting of the Spanish property bubble
Explanation: The bursting of the Spanish property bubble in 2008 triggered the 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis.
Spain operates as a presidential republic with a directly elected president serving as both head of state and government.
Answer: False
Explanation: Spain operates as a parliamentary monarchy, with the reigning monarch as head of state, and a secular parliamentary democracy, not a presidential republic.
The King of Spain holds direct political and legal liability for all official acts of the Crown.
Answer: False
Explanation: The monarch's official acts require countersignature by the prime minister or president of the Congress of Deputies, transferring political and legal liability away from the King.
The School of Salamanca was an intellectual movement during the Spanish Golden Age that developed modern theories of international law and human rights.
Answer: True
Explanation: The School of Salamanca, an intellectual movement during the Spanish Golden Age, developed the first modern theories of international law and human rights.
Spain's high-speed rail network is the longest in Europe and the second longest in the world after China's.
Answer: True
Explanation: As of February 2025, Spain's high-speed rail network is indeed the longest in Europe and the second longest globally after China's.
Spain has one of the lowest total fertility rates in the world, contributing to it having one of the oldest populations globally.
Answer: True
Explanation: Spain has one of the lowest total fertility rates globally (1.12 children per woman in 2023), contributing to its status as one of the oldest populations worldwide with a median age of 46.8 years.
What intellectual movement emerged during the Spanish Golden Age and developed the first modern theories of international law and human rights?
Answer: The School of Salamanca
Explanation: The School of Salamanca, an intellectual movement during the Spanish Golden Age, developed the first modern theories of international law and human rights.