Explanation: The spleen is anatomically located in the left upper quadrant of the human abdomen.

Explanation: The spleen is attached by several ligaments. The splenorenal ligament connects the spleen to the left kidney. The gastrosplenic ligament attaches the spleen to the stomach and pancreas.

Explanation: The spleen is unique in that it only contains efferent lymphatic vessels, which drain lymph away from the organ.

Explanation: The weight of the spleen primarily correlates with height and body weight, as well as the degree of acute congestion. It does not significantly correlate with a person's age.

Explanation: The gastric surface of the spleen contacts the stomach and pancreas. The renal surface contacts the left kidney and occasionally the left adrenal gland.

Explanation: In healthy individuals, the spleen is typically described as having a dark red or purplish hue due to its rich blood supply and the presence of red blood cells.

Explanation: The hilum of the spleen is the region where the splenic artery and vein enter and exit, and it also serves as the passage for lymphatic vessels and nerves.

Explanation: The human spleen is situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, inferior to the diaphragm and posterior to the stomach.

Explanation: The source lists the gastrosplenic, splenorenal, colicosplenic, and phrenocolic ligaments as being attached to the spleen. The hepatogastric ligament is not mentioned in this context.

Explanation: A healthy human spleen is typically described as being purple or dark red in color due to its vascular nature.

Explanation: The weight of an adult spleen is primarily correlated with the individual's height and body weight, rather than age or sex.

Explanation: The hilum is a critical anatomical landmark on the spleen where the splenic artery, splenic vein, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit the organ.

Explanation: The spleen's red pulp, specifically the sinusoids and splenic cords, is responsible for the mechanical filtration of senescent red blood cells. The white pulp is primarily involved in immune responses.

Explanation: The white pulp of the spleen is organized into lymphoid follicles, which are rich in B-lymphocytes, and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS), which are rich in T-lymphocytes, forming the primary sites of immune response.

Explanation: Lymphoid follicles and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths are the primary components of the spleen's white pulp, which is responsible for immune functions. The red pulp consists of blood-filled sinuses and splenic cords.

Explanation: The red pulp of the spleen is characterized by its structure of blood-filled sinuses (sinusoids) and splenic cords, which are involved in filtering blood and removing aged erythrocytes.

Explanation: While the spleen is a significant site for hematopoiesis during fetal development, in adults, the bone marrow is the primary site for the production of most blood cells. The spleen retains the capacity to produce lymphocytes.

Explanation: As part of its role in processing senescent red blood cells, the spleen breaks down hemoglobin. The heme group is converted into bilirubin, which is then transported to the liver for further processing.

Explanation: The spleen functions as a reservoir for blood, capable of releasing it into circulation during physiological stress, such as hemorrhagic shock, to help maintain blood volume.

Explanation: The spleen's primary functions involve filtering blood, removing aged or damaged red blood cells, and playing a significant role in the immune system.

Explanation: The spleen's macrophages process senescent red blood cells, breaking down hemoglobin into amino acids (from globin) and bilirubin (from heme), which is then processed by the liver.

Explanation: While the spleen is crucial for filtering blood, housing lymphocytes, and recycling iron, the production of opsonins is considered a less prominent function compared to its primary roles.

Explanation: The globin portion of hemoglobin, after being separated from heme in the spleen, is catabolized into its constituent amino acids.

Explanation: The spleen plays a crucial role in the catabolism of senescent red blood cells, recycling the iron from hemoglobin for reuse in erythropoiesis.

Explanation: The spleen is structurally and functionally analogous to a large lymph node, serving as a secondary lymphoid organ that filters blood and houses lymphocytes for immune surveillance.

Explanation: The marginal zone of the spleen is a critical area for initiating immune responses, particularly against encapsulated bacteria, by producing IgM memory B cells that generate natural antibodies.

Explanation: The spleen is classified as a secondary lymphoid organ. Primary lymphoid organs, such as the bone marrow and thymus, are where lymphocytes develop and mature.

Explanation: The white pulp of the spleen, containing lymphoid follicles and PALS, is the site where immune cells like lymphocytes are concentrated and mount active immune responses against blood-borne antigens.

Explanation: The spleen's marginal zone B cells produce natural antibodies, particularly IgM, which opsonize encapsulated bacteria, facilitating their clearance by phagocytes and thus contributing to immunity.

Explanation: Monocytes originating from the spleen migrate to injured tissues, where they differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages, playing a crucial role in the inflammatory response and subsequent tissue repair processes.

Explanation: The spleen functions as a secondary lymphoid organ, housing lymphocytes and filtering blood to detect and respond to pathogens and antigens.

Explanation: Lampreys and hagfishes, which are jawless fishes, are the only vertebrates known to lack a spleen. They possess diffuse hematopoietic tissue in their gut wall that serves a homologous function.

Explanation: The spleen develops from mesenchymal tissue within and from the dorsal mesentery, which is distinct from the endodermal origin of most other gastrointestinal organs.

Explanation: The spleen's mesenchymal origin is notable because the majority of other organs within the gastrointestinal tract are derived from endoderm.

Explanation: Splenomegaly is the medical term for an enlarged spleen. The absence or non-functioning of the spleen is referred to as asplenia.

Explanation: Splenic infarction occurs due to a lack of blood supply, typically caused by the occlusion of the splenic artery or its branches, leading to tissue necrosis from ischemia.

Explanation: Polysplenia is a congenital condition characterized by the presence of multiple spleens, rather than a single, normally sized one.

Explanation: Splenomegaly is the medical term used to describe an enlarged spleen, which can be indicative of various underlying conditions.

Explanation: Individuals with asplenia or hyposplenia exhibit a compromised immune system, leading to a heightened susceptibility to infections, especially those caused by encapsulated bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

Explanation: Splenosis is a condition characterized by the autotransplantation of splenic tissue fragments within the abdominal cavity, often occurring after trauma or splenectomy.

Explanation: Splenic infarction, the death of splenic tissue, is typically caused by the blockage or occlusion of the splenic artery or its branches, interrupting blood flow.

Explanation: Polysplenia is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of multiple spleens, often small and accessory in nature, instead of a single, normally developed spleen.

Explanation: The most common symptom of splenic infarction is acute, severe pain localized to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, which may radiate to the left shoulder.

Explanation: The medical term for the surgical removal of the spleen is indeed splenectomy.

Explanation: The surgical removal of the spleen is termed a splenectomy.

Explanation: This caption indicates that the accompanying image demonstrates the method of measuring the spleen's maximum length using abdominal ultrasonography, a common diagnostic imaging technique.

Explanation: In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the spleen is associated with the Earth element, not metal. It is considered a central organ in the digestive system and is linked to nourishment and transformation.

Explanation: During the 18th century, the term 'spleen' was associated with a variety of ailments, including melancholy and ennui, and was indeed considered a fashionable affliction among certain social strata in England.

Explanation: Spleen, particularly cow spleen, is utilized in certain culinary traditions, such as the preparation of sandwiches in Sicilian cuisine.

Explanation: According to the humoral theory of ancient Greek medicine, the spleen was thought to be the organ responsible for storing black bile, one of the four humors believed to influence temperament and health.

Explanation: The French term 'splénétique,' notably used by Charles Baudelaire, denotes a state of pensive sadness, melancholy, or ennui.

Explanation: The English word 'spleen' is derived from the Ancient Greek word 'splēn', which referred to the organ itself.

Explanation: Historically, particularly within the framework of humoral theory, the spleen was believed to be the repository of black bile, one of the four humors, which was consequently linked to melancholic temperaments.