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The State Duma functions as the upper house of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Answer: False
Explanation: The State Duma serves as the lower house of the Federal Assembly, which is the bicameral parliament of the Russian Federation. The Federation Council constitutes its upper house. The modern State Duma was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993.
The current iteration of the State Duma was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation enacted in 1993.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, formally established the modern State Duma as the lower house of the Federal Assembly.
The modern State Duma replaced the Federation Council as the primary legislative body following the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis.
Answer: False
Explanation: The State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet of Russia following the 1993 constitutional crisis and the adoption of a new constitution. The Federation Council was established as the upper house.
The eighth convocation of the State Duma commenced in 2021, representing the most recent legislative period referenced.
Answer: True
Explanation: The eighth convocation of the State Duma began in 2021, and based on the provided information, it is indeed the most recent one mentioned.
The State Duma consisted of a total of 450 seats subsequent to the 2021 election.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the 2021 election, the State Duma comprised a total of 450 seats, consistent with its established structure.
As the lower house of the Federal Assembly, the State Duma's principal function involves the consideration and passage of legislation.
Answer: True
Explanation: The primary function of the State Duma, as the lower house of the Federal Assembly, is indeed to consider and pass legislation.
What is the principal role of the State Duma within the governmental structure of the Russian Federation?
Answer: To act as the lower house of the Federal Assembly, primarily responsible for legislation.
Explanation: The State Duma functions as the lower house of the Federal Assembly, with its primary responsibility being the consideration and passage of legislation.
Following the 1993 constitutional crisis, which legislative body was superseded by the modern State Duma?
Answer: The Supreme Soviet of Russia
Explanation: The modern State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet of Russia after the 1993 constitutional crisis and the adoption of the new constitution.
During the 2007 and 2011 Russian legislative elections, the State Duma was elected exclusively through a party-list proportional representation system.
Answer: True
Explanation: For the 2007 and 2011 elections, the State Duma employed a full party-list proportional representation system with a 7% electoral threshold, deviating from the mixed system used in other periods.
The term length for State Duma deputies has remained consistently two years since the Duma's establishment in 1993.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term length for State Duma deputies has varied. It was two years for the first convocation (1993-1995), four years for subsequent convocations until 2007, and has been five years since the 2011 elections following constitutional amendments in 2008.
In the December 1993 elections for the contemporary State Duma, political factions aligned with Boris Yeltsin secured a majority of the seats.
Answer: True
Explanation: The December 1993 elections for the modern State Duma saw parties supporting Boris Yeltsin win a plurality of seats, significantly influencing the political landscape.
During the 1993 Duma elections, parties were required to obtain less than five percent of the vote to be eligible for party-list seats.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the 1993 Duma elections, parties needed to secure more than five percent of the vote to qualify for party-list seats. Eight parties met this threshold.
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) became the leading political party following the 1995 legislative election.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) emerged as the leading party after the 1995 legislative election, securing 157 seats.
Post the 1999 elections, the pro-presidential Unity party and the Communist Party constituted the dominant political forces within the State Duma.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the 1999 elections, the pro-presidential Unity party and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation were indeed the dominant political forces in the State Duma.
The United Russia party has maintained a consistent absolute majority in the State Duma since its formation preceding the 2003 elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: United Russia, formed shortly before the 2003 elections, has consistently held an absolute majority in the State Duma in all subsequent elections.
Following the 2007 elections, the State Duma comprised five major political parties, with Rodina being one of them.
Answer: False
Explanation: After the 2007 elections, the State Duma consisted of four major political parties: United Russia, the Communist Party, the Liberal Democratic Party, and A Just Russia. Rodina was not among them.
Constitutional amendments enacted in 2008 extended the term length for State Duma deputies from four to five years.
Answer: True
Explanation: Constitutional amendments in 2008 increased the term length of State Duma deputies from four years to five years, effective from the 2011 elections.
The inclusion of the 'New People' party in the State Duma following the 2021 elections marked the first instance since 1999 where five distinct parties achieved representation.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2021 election saw the 'New People' party enter the State Duma, resulting in five parties being represented, which was the first time this level of party diversity had been achieved since 1999.
Eligibility for election as a State Duma deputy requires a minimum age of 25 years.
Answer: False
Explanation: To be eligible for election as a State Duma deputy, a citizen must be at least 21 years old, not 25.
During the 1993 election, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) secured fewer seats than the Liberal Democratic Party (LDPR).
Answer: True
Explanation: In the 1993 election, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDPR) won 64 seats, while the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) won 42 seats, meaning the KPRF won fewer seats.
United Russia obtained more than 300 seats in the 2016 Russian legislative election.
Answer: True
Explanation: United Russia secured 343 seats in the 2016 Russian legislative election, exceeding 300 seats.
The State Duma is elected exclusively through a party-list proportional representation system.
Answer: False
Explanation: The State Duma is elected using a mixed electoral system, comprising both party-list proportional representation and first-past-the-post voting in single-mandate constituencies.
For the allocation of party-list seats, the State Duma employs a single, unified constituency encompassing the entirety of Russia.
Answer: True
Explanation: For party-list seats, the State Duma uses a single, unified constituency covering all of Russia, alongside single-mandate constituencies for the other half of the seats.
In the 2021 election results, the Communist Party secured more seats than the A Just Russia – For Truth party.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the 2021 election results, the Communist Party won 57 seats, while A Just Russia – For Truth obtained 27 seats, confirming the Communist Party won more.
The electoral threshold for party-list representation was set at 5% during the 2007 and 2011 elections.
Answer: False
Explanation: The electoral threshold for party-list representation was 7% in the 2007 and 2011 elections, not 5%.
What electoral system was employed for the 2007 and 2011 Russian legislative elections?
Answer: A full party-list proportional representation system with a 7% threshold.
Explanation: For the 2007 and 2011 elections, Russia utilized a full party-list proportional representation system with an electoral threshold of 7%.
Since the 2011 elections, what has been the established term length for State Duma deputies?
Answer: Five years
Explanation: Following constitutional amendments in 2008, the term length for State Duma deputies was increased to five years, effective from the 2011 elections.
In the December 1993 elections for the modern State Duma, which political bloc garnered the largest number of seats?
Answer: Pro-Yeltsin parties
Explanation: Pro-Yeltsin parties secured the most seats in the December 1993 elections for the modern State Duma.
What was the minimum vote percentage a party needed to achieve to qualify for party-list seats in the 1993 Duma elections?
Answer: 5%
Explanation: A minimum of five percent of the vote was required for parties to gain representation through the party-list system in the 1993 Duma elections.
Which party emerged as the leading political force in the State Duma following the 1995 Russian legislative election?
Answer: Communist Party of the Russian Federation
Explanation: The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) became the leading political force after the 1995 legislative election.
Following the 2003 elections, which party established a dominant position within the State Duma?
Answer: United Russia
Explanation: United Russia established a dominant position in the State Duma after the 2003 elections, forming shortly before these elections.
Which of the following was NOT among the four dominant parties represented in the State Duma following the 2007 elections?
Answer: Yabloko
Explanation: The four dominant parties after the 2007 elections were United Russia, the Communist Party, the Liberal Democratic Party, and A Just Russia. Yabloko did not secure sufficient votes to be represented.
The accession of which party to the State Duma after the 2021 elections marked the first time since 1999 that five parties were represented?
Answer: New People
Explanation: The 'New People' party's entry into the State Duma following the 2021 elections represented the first instance of five parties holding seats since 1999.
In the 2021 election results, which party secured the largest number of seats in the State Duma?
Answer: United Russia
Explanation: United Russia won the largest number of seats in the State Duma in the 2021 election results.
The State Duma elects 225 seats via party-list proportional representation and the remaining 225 seats through which electoral method?
Answer: First-past-the-post in single-mandate constituencies
Explanation: The State Duma utilizes a mixed electoral system, with 225 seats elected via party-list proportional representation and the other 225 seats elected via first-past-the-post in single-mandate constituencies.
In the late 1990s, the State Duma predominantly functioned as a forum for international diplomatic negotiations.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the late 1990s, the State Duma served primarily as a platform for lobbying by regional leaders and businessmen, and for legislative work, rather than international diplomatic negotiations.
Throughout Vladimir Putin's presidency, the State Duma has frequently been characterized as an independent legislative entity possessing substantial authority to challenge the executive branch.
Answer: False
Explanation: During Vladimir Putin's presidency, the State Duma has often been described as a 'rubber stamp' legislature, indicating a tendency to support executive initiatives rather than acting as an independent body with significant power to challenge the executive.
The State Duma possesses the constitutional authority to consent to the appointment of the Prime Minister and to determine confidence in the Government.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Russian Constitution grants the State Duma specific powers, including consenting to the appointment of the Prime Minister and deciding on confidence in the Government.
The State Duma is empowered to initiate impeachment proceedings against the President based on a simple majority vote.
Answer: False
Explanation: Initiating impeachment proceedings against the President requires a two-thirds majority vote in the State Duma, not a simple majority.
Legislation approved by the State Duma is automatically enacted into law without requiring subsequent approval from the Federation Council.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bills approved by the State Duma must subsequently be considered and approved by the Federation Council before being sent to the President for enactment into law.
The State Duma possesses the authority to appoint the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber but lacks the power to dismiss its auditors.
Answer: False
Explanation: The State Duma has the constitutional power to appoint and dismiss the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber, as well as half of its auditors.
The State Duma is empowered to initiate impeachment charges against the President by a two-thirds majority vote.
Answer: True
Explanation: The State Duma can initiate impeachment proceedings against the President, requiring a two-thirds majority vote of the deputies for this action.
The State Duma possesses the constitutional authority to declare war.
Answer: False
Explanation: The authority to declare war rests with the Federation Council, not the State Duma.
During the late 1990s, the State Duma functioned as a significant platform for lobbying efforts by which groups?
Answer: Regional leaders and businessmen
Explanation: In the late 1990s, the State Duma became an important venue for lobbying by regional leaders and businessmen seeking legislative advantages.
How has the State Duma's legislative power been characterized during Vladimir Putin's presidency?
Answer: As a 'rubber stamp' legislature supporting executive initiatives.
Explanation: During Vladimir Putin's presidency, the State Duma has often been described as a 'rubber stamp' legislature, indicating its alignment with and support for executive initiatives.
According to the Russian Constitution, which of the following constitutes a specific power vested in the State Duma?
Answer: Consenting to the appointment of the Prime Minister.
Explanation: The Russian Constitution grants the State Duma the power to consent to the appointment of the Prime Minister, among other specific functions.
What level of majority is requisite in the State Duma to initiate impeachment proceedings against the President?
Answer: Two-thirds majority (66.7%)
Explanation: Initiating impeachment proceedings against the President requires a two-thirds majority vote within the State Duma.
Following their adoption by the State Duma, how are bills typically processed?
Answer: They are debated and approved or rejected by the Federation Council.
Explanation: After adoption by the State Duma, bills are transmitted to the Federation Council for debate and approval or rejection.
The State Duma's authority to appoint and dismiss the Chairman of the Central Bank falls under which general category of its powers?
Answer: Government appointments and oversight
Explanation: The power to appoint and dismiss the Chairman of the Central Bank is an aspect of the State Duma's role in government appointments and oversight.
Which of the following powers is explicitly granted to the State Duma by the Russian Constitution, as indicated by the source material?
Answer: Announcing general amnesty.
Explanation: The Russian Constitution explicitly grants the State Duma the power to announce general amnesty.
The term 'duma' possesses historical antecedents in Russia, referencing earlier deliberative bodies such as the boyar dumas and the State Dumas of the Tsarist era.
Answer: True
Explanation: The term 'duma' has deep historical roots in Russia, encompassing various assemblies from the boyar dumas of Kievan Rus' and Muscovite Russia to the State Dumas established during the Tsarist period.
The State Duma of the Russian Empire was established in 1917, subsequent to the February Revolution.
Answer: False
Explanation: The State Duma of the Russian Empire was established in 1905, following the Russian Revolution of 1905, not in 1917 after the February Revolution.
Tsar Nicholas II maintained a productive working relationship with the first two Imperial State Dumas, permitting them to complete their full legislative terms.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tsar Nicholas II dissolved both the first and second Imperial State Dumas shortly after their inception, failing to allow them to serve their full terms due to political disagreements.
The third Imperial State Duma was unique among its predecessors in completing its entire five-year term.
Answer: True
Explanation: The third Imperial State Duma, convened after the 1907 electoral reform, was the only one of the Imperial Dumas to serve its full five-year term.
Subsequent to the 1907 electoral reform, the third Imperial State Duma was predominantly comprised of individuals from the working class.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the 1907 electoral reform, the third Imperial State Duma was primarily composed of members from the upper classes, reflecting a shift in representation away from broader social strata.
The institution of the Duma played a role in the eventual dismantling of the Tsarist autocracy in 1917.
Answer: True
Explanation: The establishment of the Duma, beginning in 1905, represented a significant shift from absolute autocracy and contributed to the political dynamics that ultimately led to the abolition of the Tsarist regime in the February Revolution of 1917.
The term 'duma' has historical roots in Russia, referring to earlier assemblies. Which of the following was NOT identified as a historical precedent in the provided context?
Answer: The Duma of the Soviet Union
Explanation: While boyar dumas, Tsarist State Dumas, and Muscovite assemblies are mentioned as historical precedents for the term 'duma,' the Duma of the Soviet Union is not explicitly cited in this context.
What significant event precipitated the establishment of the State Duma of the Russian Empire in 1905?
Answer: The Russian Revolution of 1905
Explanation: The State Duma of the Russian Empire was established in 1905 as a direct response to the widespread unrest and political pressure generated by the Russian Revolution of 1905.
What was the nature of Tsar Nicholas II's initial interactions with the Imperial Dumas?
Answer: He dissolved the first two Dumas after only a few months due to their ineffectiveness.
Explanation: Tsar Nicholas II's initial interactions with the Imperial Dumas were marked by conflict, leading to the dissolution of the first two Dumas shortly after their convocation.
Which Imperial State Duma uniquely completed its entire five-year term?
Answer: The Third State Duma
Explanation: The Third State Duma, convened in 1907, was the only Imperial State Duma to serve its full five-year term.
Following the 1907 electoral reform, what was the predominant social class composition of the third Imperial State Duma?
Answer: Members from the upper classes
Explanation: The electoral reform of 1907 significantly altered the composition of the third Imperial State Duma, leading to a predominance of members from the upper classes.
The headquarters of the State Duma are situated in central Moscow, in proximity to Manege Square.
Answer: True
Explanation: The State Duma is headquartered in central Moscow, near Manege Square. The specific building is identified as the State Duma building.
A 2016 investigation by Dissernet revealed that a notable proportion of State Duma members had plagiarized their academic theses.
Answer: True
Explanation: A 2016 Dissernet exposé indicated that approximately one in nine members of the State Duma had plagiarized their theses, suggesting issues with academic integrity among some deputies.
The State Duma temporarily convened in the Kremlin during its building renovations between 2019 and 2020.
Answer: False
Explanation: During renovations of its building from 2019-2020, the State Duma temporarily convened in the House of Unions, not the Kremlin.
The State Duma officially publishes an extensive record of roll call votes, detailing the voting patterns of individual deputies.
Answer: False
Explanation: The State Duma does not officially publish a large number of roll call votes identifying individual deputies' voting records; such detailed records are typically limited.
State Duma deputies are permitted to concurrently hold full-time positions within the civil service.
Answer: False
Explanation: State Duma deputies are prohibited from holding full-time positions in the civil service while serving, as their role is considered a full-time professional position.
Ivan Rybkin's tenure as Chairman of the State Duma was the longest continuous period among the first four individuals to hold the position.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ivan Rybkin served as Chairman of the State Duma from 1994-1996. Gennadiy Seleznyov served from 1996-2003, Boris Gryzlov from 2003-2011, and Sergey Naryshkin from 2011-2016. Seleznyov and Gryzlov served longer continuous terms than Rybkin.
The official website for the State Duma is identified as duma.gov.ru.
Answer: True
Explanation: The official website for the State Duma is duma.gov.ru/en/, which includes an English version.
The Russian term 'Gosudarstvennaya duma' is frequently abbreviated to 'Gosduma'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Russian term 'Gosudarstvennaya duma' is indeed commonly abbreviated to 'Gosduma'.
The Duma Council was tasked with determining the official language utilized during Duma sessions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Duma Council's responsibilities included power-sharing agreements and organizational matters, but not the determination of the official language of sessions.
In which major Russian city is the State Duma building situated?
Answer: Moscow
Explanation: The State Duma building is located in Moscow, the capital city of the Russian Federation.
During the reconstruction of its building (2019-2020), where did the State Duma temporarily convene?
Answer: The House of Unions
Explanation: The State Duma temporarily convened in the House of Unions during the reconstruction of its primary building between 2019 and 2020.
What restriction is imposed upon the professional activities undertaken by State Duma deputies?
Answer: They are prohibited from engaging in other remunerative activities, except for creative pursuits.
Explanation: State Duma deputies are prohibited from engaging in other remunerative activities, with exceptions for teaching, research, or creative pursuits, as their role is a full-time professional commitment.
Who succeeded Sergey Naryshkin as Chairman of the State Duma in 2016?
Answer: Vyacheslav Volodin
Explanation: Vyacheslav Volodin succeeded Sergey Naryshkin as Chairman of the State Duma in 2016.
What is the Russian term for the State Duma, frequently employed as an abbreviation?
Answer: Gosduma
Explanation: The Russian term 'Gosudarstvennaya duma' is commonly abbreviated to 'Gosduma'.