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The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) existed as a constituent republic of the Soviet Union from 1929 until its declaration of independence in 1991.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was indeed a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, formally existing from its establishment in 1929 until its declaration of independence in 1991.
The Tajik SSR was established as a national entity for the Tajik people on December 5, 1924.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tajik SSR was officially established in 1929. The date December 5, 1924, marks the creation of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) as a subordinate entity within the Uzbek SSR.
The Tajik ASSR was initially created as a subordinate part of the Kyrgyz SSR.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tajik ASSR was established in 1924 as a subordinate part of the Uzbek SSR, not the Kyrgyz SSR. This was part of the national delimitation process in Soviet Central Asia.
On August 31, 1991, the Tajik SSR was renamed the Republic of Tajikistan, and shortly after, it declared independence.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Tajik SSR was renamed the Republic of Tajikistan on August 31, 1991, and subsequently declared its independence on September 9, 1991.
The modern Republic of Tajikistan is the legal successor state to the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.
Answer: True
Explanation: The contemporary Republic of Tajikistan is recognized as the direct legal successor state to the former Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.
The Tajik ASSR, created in 1924, held the status of a full Soviet Socialist Republic from its inception.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tajik ASSR, established in 1924, was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was a lower administrative tier than a full Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR).
Upon gaining full republic status in December 1929, the Tajik SSR received additional territory that now constitutes southern Tajikistan.
Answer: False
Explanation: When the Tajik SSR gained full republic status in December 1929, it received additional territory that now constitutes northern Tajikistan (Sughd Province), not southern Tajikistan.
What was the primary period of existence for the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic?
Answer: 1929 to 1991
Explanation: The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was formally established in 1929 and existed until the declaration of independence in 1991.
Which entity did the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic succeed?
Answer: The Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR)
Explanation: The Tajik SSR succeeded the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), which had been established earlier as a subordinate entity within the Uzbek SSR.
The Tajik ASSR was initially established in 1924 as part of which larger Soviet Republic?
Answer: Uzbek SSR
Explanation: The Tajik ASSR was created in 1924 as an autonomous republic within the Uzbek SSR during the national delimitation of Soviet Central Asia.
What major conflict followed Tajikistan's independence in September 1991?
Answer: A civil war
Explanation: Shortly after declaring independence in September 1991, Tajikistan became embroiled in a protracted civil war.
Which territory was added to the Tajik SSR when it gained full republic status in December 1929, expanding its size?
Answer: The territory of modern-day northern Tajikistan (Sughd Province)
Explanation: Upon elevation to full republic status in December 1929, the Tajik SSR incorporated the territory now known as northern Tajikistan (Sughd Province).
What was the status of the Tajik ASSR when it was created in October 1924?
Answer: A subordinate part of the Uzbek SSR
Explanation: The Tajik ASSR was established in October 1924 as an autonomous republic subordinate to the Uzbek SSR.
The capital city of the Tajik SSR was known as Stalinabad from its establishment in 1929 until 1991.
Answer: False
Explanation: The capital city, Dushanbe, was known as Stalinabad from 1929 until 1961. It was renamed Dushanbe in 1961 as part of the de-Stalinization process.
The Tajik SSR did not form its own separate army and relied on Soviet units for its defense.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Tajik SSR was unique among Central Asian republics for not establishing its own separate army, relying instead on Soviet military units for defense.
In the early 1990s, the army of the Tajik SSR reportedly contained more native Tajiks than ethnic Russians.
Answer: False
Explanation: Reports from the early 1990s indicate that the army of the Tajik SSR contained a higher proportion of ethnic Russians than native Tajiks.
The official motto of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was 'Glory to the Communist Party!'
Answer: False
Explanation: The official motto of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was 'Proletarians of all nations, unite!', not 'Glory to the Communist Party!'.
The Tajik SSR operated under a presidential system of government from 1929 until its dissolution.
Answer: False
Explanation: From 1929 to 1990, the Tajik SSR operated as a unitary communist state. It transitioned to a unitary presidential republic from 1990 to 1991, not a presidential system throughout its existence.
What was unique about the Tajik SSR's military structure compared to other Central Asian republics?
Answer: It relied on Soviet units and did not form its own separate army.
Explanation: The Tajik SSR distinguished itself from other Central Asian republics by not forming its own separate army, instead depending on Soviet military structures.
In the early 1990s, the army of the Tajik SSR reportedly had a higher proportion of which ethnic group compared to native Tajiks?
Answer: Russians
Explanation: Sources indicate that in the early 1990s, the army of the Tajik SSR contained a greater number of ethnic Russians than native Tajiks.
The capital city of the Tajik SSR, Dushanbe, was known by what name between 1929 and 1961?
Answer: Stalinabad
Explanation: The capital city, Dushanbe, was officially named Stalinabad from 1929 until its renaming back to Dushanbe in 1961.
The Tajik SSR was unique among Central Asian republics for not having:
Answer: Its own separate army
Explanation: A distinctive feature of the Tajik SSR was its lack of a separate national army, relying instead on Soviet military forces.
What was the primary function of the Supreme Soviet in the Tajik SSR?
Answer: To act as the unicameral legislature
Explanation: The Supreme Soviet functioned as the unicameral legislative body of the Tajik SSR, holding authority over the executive and judicial branches.
What was the official motto of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic?
Answer: Proletarians of all nations, unite!
Explanation: The official motto adopted by the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was 'Proletarians of all nations, unite!'.
Yaqub Salimov, who was convicted for his participation in the 1990 Dushanbe riots, later served as:
Answer: Interior Minister
Explanation: Yaqub Salimov, after being convicted for his role in the 1990 Dushanbe riots, later assumed the position of Interior Minister.
The Tajik SSR was located in Eastern Europe, bordering Russia and Ukraine.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tajik SSR was situated in Central Asia, not Eastern Europe. Its neighboring entities were Afghanistan, China, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan.
The Tajik SSR shared a border with Afghanistan to the north and China to the west.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tajik SSR bordered Afghanistan to the south and China to the east. Its western border was with Uzbekistan, and its northern border was with Kyrgyzstan.
The Tajik SSR was unique among Soviet republics because it was geographically separated from the Russian SFSR by only one other Soviet republic.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tajik SSR was geographically separated from the Russian SFSR by more than one other Soviet republic, distinguishing it from republics that had more direct or closer proximity.
Even after gaining full republic status and additional territory, the Tajik SSR remained the largest of the Central Asian republics in terms of size.
Answer: False
Explanation: Despite territorial additions, the Tajik SSR remained the smallest of the Central Asian republics in terms of geographical size.
In which region of Asia was the Tajik SSR primarily located?
Answer: Central Asia
Explanation: The Tajik SSR was geographically situated in Central Asia, a region characterized by its landlocked geography and proximity to other former Soviet republics and China.
Which country bordered the Tajik SSR to the south?
Answer: Afghanistan
Explanation: Afghanistan constituted the southern border of the Tajik SSR.
Which of the following was NOT a neighboring Soviet republic or country bordering the Tajik SSR?
Answer: Turkmenistan
Explanation: The Tajik SSR bordered Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, and Afghanistan. Turkmenistan was not a direct neighbor.
What was the population of the Tajik SSR according to the 1989 census?
Answer: Approximately 5.1 million
Explanation: The census conducted in 1989 recorded the population of the Tajik SSR at approximately 5.1 million individuals.
The Tajik SSR was geographically separated from the Russian SFSR by:
Answer: More than one other Soviet republic
Explanation: The Tajik SSR's geographical position meant it was separated from the Russian SFSR by multiple other Soviet republics.
The light and food industries accounted for less than 30% of the total industrial output in the Tajik SSR.
Answer: False
Explanation: The light and food industries constituted over 60% of the total industrial output in the Tajik SSR, not less than 30%.
Cotton was a minor crop in Tajikistan, with production volumes significantly lower than grain harvests in 1986.
Answer: False
Explanation: Cotton was the leading agricultural product in Tajikistan, with production volumes substantially higher than grain harvests in 1986.
Tajikistan was a major base for the production of short-staple cotton within the Soviet Union.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tajikistan was a primary base for the production of long-staple cotton within the Soviet Union, not short-staple cotton.
The food industry in the Tajik SSR primarily focused on grain processing.
Answer: False
Explanation: The food industry in the Tajik SSR was largely composed of fruit-canning operations and the production of vegetable oils and fats, rather than grain processing.
The Tajik SSR received all its natural gas supplies from local fields within its territory.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tajik SSR received significant natural gas supplies via pipelines from Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, in addition to contributions from local fields.
What percentage of the Tajik SSR's industrial output came from light and food industries?
Answer: Over 60%
Explanation: The light and food industries were significant contributors, accounting for over 60% of the total industrial output within the Tajik SSR.
Which agricultural product was the leading export and a primary focus of production in the Tajik SSR?
Answer: Cotton
Explanation: Cotton was the predominant agricultural product, serving as a key export and a central focus of agricultural production in the Tajik SSR.
The food industry in the Tajik SSR was mainly involved in:
Answer: Fruit-canning and vegetable oil production
Explanation: The food industry's primary activities within the Tajik SSR included fruit-canning and the production of vegetable oils and fats.
How did the Tajik SSR obtain a significant portion of its natural gas supply?
Answer: Via pipelines from Uzbekistan and Afghanistan
Explanation: A substantial part of the Tajik SSR's natural gas supply was sourced through pipelines originating from Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.
Which of the following industries was a primary component of heavy industry in the Tajik SSR?
Answer: Electric power generation
Explanation: Heavy industry in the Tajik SSR prominently featured sectors such as electric power generation, mining, and metallurgy.
What was the approximate length of railways in the Tajik SSR in 1986?
Answer: 470 kilometers
Explanation: In 1986, the operational length of railways within the Tajik SSR measured approximately 470 kilometers.
The name 'Tajik' is derived from a pre-Islamic tribe that existed before the 7th century AD, though its precise origins are debated.
Answer: True
Explanation: The term 'Tajik' is associated with a pre-Islamic tribe predating the 7th century AD, although its exact historical origins are complex and have been subject to scholarly debate.
During the Soviet era, the English spelling 'Tajikistan' was consistently used, reflecting the native pronunciation.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Soviet period, the English spelling 'Tadzhikistan' was frequently used, directly borrowed from the Russian transliteration, rather than a consistent reflection of native pronunciation.
The establishment of Tajik-language newspapers and educational institutions was part of fostering a distinct national identity within the Soviet framework.
Answer: True
Explanation: The creation of national institutions, such as Tajik-language newspapers and schools, was a deliberate policy aimed at cultivating a distinct national identity for Tajiks within the broader Soviet structure.
Living standards in the Tajik SSR were generally considered to be among the highest within the entire Soviet Union.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to the statement, living standards in the Tajik SSR were generally considered to be among the lowest within the Soviet Union, despite some progress.
The official languages of the Tajik SSR were Tajik and Russian.
Answer: True
Explanation: The official languages recognized and used within the Tajik SSR were Tajik and Russian.
The Tajik SSR's Human Development Index (HDI) value of 0.258 was classified by the source as 'high'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Human Development Index (HDI) value of 0.258 for the Tajik SSR was classified as 'low', not 'high'.
The English spelling 'Tadzhikistan' was commonly used during the Soviet era primarily due to:
Answer: Direct borrowing from the Russian spelling
Explanation: The common English spelling 'Tadzhikistan' during the Soviet era originated from a direct transliteration of the Russian spelling, reflecting the Cyrillic script.
What was the primary purpose of establishing national institutions like Tajik-language newspapers and schools in Soviet Tajikistan?
Answer: To foster a distinct national identity within the Soviet framework
Explanation: The establishment of Tajik-language institutions served to cultivate and reinforce a distinct national identity for the Tajik people, operating within the overarching Soviet political structure.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the living standards in the Tajik SSR under Soviet rule?
Answer: They remained among the lowest in the Soviet Union.
Explanation: Despite some advancements, living standards in the Tajik SSR consistently ranked among the lowest across all Soviet republics.
What was the official religion policy enforced in the Tajik SSR?
Answer: State atheism
Explanation: The official policy regarding religion within the Tajik SSR was state atheism, promoted by the ruling Communist Party.
Which of the following were the official languages of the Tajik SSR?
Answer: Tajik and Russian
Explanation: The official languages recognized and utilized within the Tajik SSR were Tajik and Russian.
The Tajik SSR's Human Development Index (HDI) value of 0.258 was classified by the source as:
Answer: Low
Explanation: The Human Development Index (HDI) for the Tajik SSR, recorded at 0.258, was categorized as 'low'.
The Tajik SSR declared its sovereignty over its own laws on August 24, 1990, signifying a move towards greater autonomy.
Answer: True
Explanation: On August 24, 1990, the Tajik SSR declared sovereignty over its own laws, which represented a significant step towards increased autonomy within the Soviet Union.
During the Great Purge, prominent local communist leaders like Abdurrahim Hojibayev and Nusratullo Maksum were executed.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the period of the Great Purge, prominent figures within the Tajik Communist Party, including Abdurrahim Hojibayev and Nusratullo Maksum, were indeed executed.
What significant event occurred on August 24, 1990, in the Tajik SSR?
Answer: Declaration of sovereignty over its own laws
Explanation: On August 24, 1990, the Tajik SSR declared sovereignty over its own laws, marking a significant assertion of autonomy within the Soviet framework.
Who was among the prominent local communist leaders executed during the Great Purge in Tajikistan?
Answer: Nusratullo Maksum
Explanation: Nusratullo Maksum was one of the prominent local communist leaders executed during the Great Purge in Tajikistan.
The failure of the August 1991 coup attempt in Moscow had what effect on Tajikistan?
Answer: It accelerated Tajikistan's move towards independence.
Explanation: The collapse of the August 1991 coup attempt in Moscow weakened central Soviet authority, thereby accelerating Tajikistan's process towards declaring independence.
In the March 1991 referendum concerning the preservation of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan reported:
Answer: A high turnout and majority vote for preservation
Explanation: During the March 1991 referendum on preserving the Soviet Union, Tajikistan recorded a high voter turnout, with a majority voting in favor of its preservation.