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The tank on a tank truck is typically spherical and mounted vertically.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tank truck tanks are predominantly cylindrical and mounted horizontally on the vehicle's chassis to optimize stability and load distribution.
Aluminum and carbon steel are the only materials used in the construction of tank trucks.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tank trucks are constructed from various materials, including aluminum, carbon steel, stainless steel, and fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), chosen based on the cargo's properties.
What is the fundamental purpose of a tank truck?
Answer: To carry liquids or gases via road transport.
Explanation: The primary function of a tank truck is the road transportation of bulk liquids or gases, distinguishing it from vehicles designed for solid cargo or passengers.
What is the usual shape and orientation of a tank truck's tank?
Answer: Cylindrical and mounted horizontally.
Explanation: The tanks on most tank trucks are cylindrical in shape and are mounted horizontally on the vehicle's chassis for optimal stability and load distribution.
What materials are commonly used in the construction of tank trucks, according to the source?
Answer: Aluminum, carbon steel, stainless steel, and FRP.
Explanation: The construction of tank trucks utilizes a range of materials, including aluminum, carbon steel, stainless steel, and fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), selected based on the cargo's chemical properties and transport requirements.
Which of these materials is NOT mentioned as a common construction material for tank trucks?
Answer: Titanium
Explanation: Common construction materials for tank trucks include aluminum, carbon steel, stainless steel, and FRP. Titanium is not typically mentioned as a common material for standard tank truck construction.
Before the 1880s, oil was primarily distributed using large, horse-drawn tank wagons.
Answer: False
Explanation: Prior to the 1880s, oil distribution methods evolved from cans to horse-drawn tanks. Large, dedicated horse-drawn tank wagons were not the primary method before this period.
Standard Oil began using motor tankers for oil distribution in 1910.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical records indicate that Standard Oil commenced the utilization of motor tankers for oil distribution operations in the year 1910.
In 1920, the UK introduced underground tanks and delivery tankers via the company Anglo American Oil.
Answer: True
Explanation: Anglo American Oil was instrumental in introducing both underground storage tanks and delivery tankers to the United Kingdom around 1920.
Pickfords initially deployed oil tankers with a capacity of 16,000 liters shortly after acquiring an oil tanker company in 1921.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following their acquisition in 1921, Pickfords initially deployed tankers with a capacity of approximately 4,500 liters (1,200 US gallons), not 16,000 liters.
The first petrol tanker in Hamilton, New Zealand, arrived in 1927 with a capacity of approximately 910 US gallons.
Answer: False
Explanation: The first petrol tanker in Hamilton, New Zealand, arrived in 1927, but its capacity was approximately 910 liters (about 240 US gallons), not 910 US gallons.
How was oil distributed before the widespread use of motor tank trucks, according to the text?
Answer: Initially in cans, later evolving to horse-drawn tanks.
Explanation: Historical accounts indicate that oil distribution initially involved cans, evolving subsequently to the use of horse-drawn tanks for delivery purposes before the advent of motor tankers.
Standard Oil initiated the use of motor tankers for distribution in which year?
Answer: 1910
Explanation: Standard Oil's transition to utilizing motor tankers for oil distribution commenced in the year 1910.
What significant development in fuel distribution occurred in the UK around 1920, introduced by Anglo American Oil?
Answer: The implementation of underground storage tanks and delivery tankers.
Explanation: Anglo American Oil introduced key innovations in the UK around 1920, including the adoption of underground storage tanks and the deployment of delivery tankers.
Following their acquisition of an oil tanker company in 1921, what was the initial capacity of tankers deployed by Pickfords?
Answer: Approximately 1,200 US gallons (4,500 liters)
Explanation: Upon acquiring an oil tanker company in 1921, Pickfords initially deployed tankers with a capacity of approximately 1,200 US gallons (4,500 liters).
What was the capacity of the first petrol tanker that arrived in Hamilton, New Zealand, in 1927?
Answer: 910 liters
Explanation: The first petrol tanker to reach Hamilton, New Zealand, in 1927 had a capacity of 910 liters (approximately 240 US gallons).
What historical method of oil delivery preceded the use of horse-drawn tanks?
Answer: Distribution in cans.
Explanation: Historically, oil was initially distributed in cans before the adoption of horse-drawn tanks became prevalent.
What innovation did Anglo American Oil introduce to the UK in 1920 concerning fuel delivery?
Answer: Underground tanks and delivery tankers.
Explanation: Anglo American Oil introduced significant advancements in fuel delivery infrastructure in the UK around 1920, including underground storage tanks and delivery tankers.
By the mid-1930s, what was the approximate capacity of oil tankers used by Pickfords?
Answer: 16,000 liters
Explanation: By the mid-1930s, Pickfords had increased the capacity of their oil tankers to approximately 16,000 liters.
What historical method of oil delivery involved horse-drawn vehicles?
Answer: Use of horse-drawn tanks.
Explanation: Prior to the widespread adoption of motor tankers, oil was distributed using horse-drawn tanks, representing an earlier stage in liquid transport logistics.
What was the capacity of the first petrol tanker introduced in Hamilton, New Zealand, in 1927?
Answer: Approximately 240 US gallons
Explanation: The first petrol tanker in Hamilton, New Zealand (1927), had a capacity of approximately 910 liters, which equates to about 240 US gallons.
Tank trucks can be designed with internal divisions to carry multiple types of loads simultaneously.
Answer: True
Explanation: Compartmentalization within the tank allows for the simultaneous transport of different products, enhancing efficiency for deliveries requiring varied cargo.
Crucial distinctions for tank trucks include adherence to human food regulations and the presence of refrigeration systems.
Answer: True
Explanation: Beyond basic transport capabilities, specific requirements like compliance with food-grade standards or the integration of refrigeration systems are critical design distinctions for certain tank truck applications.
Compartmentalized tanks allow tank trucks to carry different products simultaneously.
Answer: True
Explanation: The strategic division of a tank into multiple compartments enables the concurrent transport of distinct liquid products, optimizing delivery logistics.
Which of the following is a key design variation mentioned for tank trucks?
Answer: They can be insulated or non-insulated.
Explanation: Tank trucks exhibit significant design variations, including options for insulation (to maintain temperature) or non-insulation, catering to the specific needs of the transported cargo.
Which of the following is cited as a crucial, less visible distinction for tank trucks?
Answer: Adherence to human food regulations for certain loads.
Explanation: Compliance with specific regulations, such as those for human food transport, represents a critical, often less visible, design and operational distinction for tank trucks.
How do some tank trucks facilitate the transport of multiple different products simultaneously?
Answer: By having multiple internal compartments.
Explanation: The strategic division of a tank into multiple compartments allows for the concurrent transport of different products, enhancing logistical efficiency.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a key design variation for tank trucks?
Answer: External paint color options
Explanation: While features like pressurized capability, internal divisions, and refrigeration systems are significant design variations, external paint color is generally considered an aesthetic choice rather than a fundamental design variation impacting functionality.
The high center of gravity of tank trucks significantly reduces the risk of rollover.
Answer: False
Explanation: A high center of gravity inherently increases the risk of rollover, particularly during dynamic maneuvers such as cornering or braking. This is a critical safety consideration in the design and operation of tank trucks.
Tank trucks prevent load instability primarily by using external stabilizers.
Answer: False
Explanation: Load instability in tank trucks is primarily managed through internal design features such as compartments or baffles, which reduce liquid sloshing. External stabilizers are not the primary method for preventing internal load movement.
What specific phenomenon makes driving a partially filled tank truck particularly hazardous?
Answer: The 'free surface effect' causing liquid sloshing and instability.
Explanation: The 'free surface effect,' where liquid movement within a partially filled tank causes sloshing, is a primary hazard that significantly destabilizes the vehicle, increasing rollover risk.
How do tank trucks typically mitigate instability caused by liquid movement during transit?
Answer: By installing internal compartments or baffles.
Explanation: Internal compartments or baffles are standard features designed to reduce the sloshing effect of liquids within the tank, thereby enhancing vehicle stability and mitigating instability.
What is the primary challenge related to the liquid cargo inside a tank truck?
Answer: The liquid's movement potentially causing instability.
Explanation: The dynamic movement, or sloshing, of liquid cargo within the tank is a primary challenge, as it can significantly impact vehicle stability and increase operational risks.
Which term from the 'See also' section refers to the study of liquid movement within containers and its effect on vehicle stability?
Answer: Slosh dynamics
Explanation: 'Slosh dynamics' is the scientific term that describes the study of liquid movement within containers and its impact on vehicle stability, particularly relevant for tank trucks.
What challenge arises from the 'free surface effect' in partially filled tank trucks?
Answer: Liquid sloshing and vehicle destabilization.
Explanation: The 'free surface effect' in partially filled tanks leads to liquid sloshing, which critically destabilizes the vehicle and increases the risk of accidents.
Large tank trucks typically have capacities ranging between 21,000 and 44,000 liters.
Answer: True
Explanation: The standard capacity range for large tank trucks is indeed between 21,000 and 44,000 liters, accommodating substantial volumes of liquid cargo.
Australian road trains, known as Quad tankers, can transport liquid loads exceeding 120,000 liters.
Answer: True
Explanation: Australian road trains, particularly Quad tankers comprising up to four trailers, are designed for exceptionally large liquid transport, capable of carrying loads exceeding 120,000 liters.
Smaller tank trucks, under 11,000 liters, are primarily used for long-haul transportation of bulk liquids.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tank trucks with capacities under 11,000 liters are typically employed for local deliveries of lighter liquid cargo, rather than long-haul bulk transport.
Vacuum trucks are specialized small tank trucks designed for emptying septic tanks and transporting the waste.
Answer: True
Explanation: Vacuum trucks are indeed specialized tank trucks, typically smaller in size, engineered for the specific task of collecting and transporting waste from sources like septic tanks.
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is typically delivered using large, non-pressurized tank trucks.
Answer: False
Explanation: LPG is stored and transported under pressure; therefore, it requires pressurized tank trucks, not non-pressurized ones, for safe and effective delivery.
Standard LPG bobtail trucks (2-axle) can carry up to 13,250 liters (3,499 US gallons).
Answer: True
Explanation: Standard 2-axle LPG bobtail trucks are indeed designed to carry capacities up to 13,250 liters, equivalent to approximately 3,499 US gallons.
A 'B double tanker' configuration involves a truck tractor pulling three semi-trailers.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'B double tanker' configuration typically consists of a truck tractor pulling two semi-trailers, not three.
A 'Tank transporter' is a type of tank truck used for carrying liquids like milk or fuel.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'tank transporter' is a distinct vehicle type designed for moving heavy equipment, such as military tanks, and is not used for transporting liquids like milk or fuel.
The 'WERKLUST bulk cement strooier' is a specialized tank truck for spreading cement.
Answer: True
Explanation: The WERKLUST bulk cement spreader is accurately described as a specialized tank truck designed for the application and spreading of cement in construction contexts.
A 'KamAZ-based asphalter truck' is used for transporting and applying asphalt materials.
Answer: True
Explanation: A KamAZ-based asphalter truck is specifically engineered for the dual purpose of transporting and applying asphalt materials during road construction and maintenance.
What is the typical volume capacity range for large tank trucks, in liters?
Answer: 21,000 to 44,000 liters
Explanation: Large tank trucks are generally designed to accommodate volumes ranging from 21,000 to 44,000 liters, suitable for bulk liquid transport.
How do Australian road trains, specifically Quad tankers, manage exceptionally large liquid cargo volumes?
Answer: By consisting of up to four trailers to carry over 120,000 liters.
Explanation: Australian road trains, such as Quad tankers, achieve massive cargo capacity by utilizing multiple trailers, often up to four, enabling the transport of over 120,000 liters.
What is the typical application for smaller tank trucks with capacities under 11,000 liters?
Answer: Handling light liquid cargo within a local community.
Explanation: Smaller tank trucks, typically under 11,000 liters, are generally utilized for local distribution of lighter liquid cargoes, serving community-level needs.
What is the primary role of a vacuum truck as described in the text?
Answer: To empty septic tanks and transport the waste.
Explanation: Vacuum trucks are specialized vehicles designed primarily for the collection and transport of waste materials, most notably from septic tanks.
What is the maximum capacity mentioned for standard LPG bobtail trucks (2-axle)?
Answer: 13,250 liters (3,499 US gallons)
Explanation: Standard 2-axle LPG bobtail trucks are typically rated to carry a maximum of 13,250 liters, which is approximately 3,499 US gallons.
What does the 'B double tanker' configuration typically consist of?
Answer: A truck tractor pulling two semi-trailers.
Explanation: A 'B double tanker' configuration is characterized by a truck tractor unit pulling two semi-trailers, designed for increased cargo capacity.
Which specialized truck type, mentioned in the 'See also' section, is designed for moving heavy equipment like military tanks?
Answer: Tank transporter
Explanation: The 'See also' section lists 'Tank transporter,' a vehicle specifically designed for the heavy-duty task of moving large equipment, such as military tanks, distinguishing it from liquid-carrying tank trucks.
What is the function of the 'WERKLUST bulk cement strooier'?
Answer: Spreading bulk cement for construction.
Explanation: The 'WERKLUST bulk cement strooier' is a specialized vehicle designed for the precise spreading of bulk cement materials in construction applications.
What is the role of a vehicle identified as a 'Firefighting water tender'?
Answer: To transport water for extinguishing fires.
Explanation: A 'Firefighting water tender' is specifically designed to carry and supply water, a critical resource for extinguishing fires.
The 'Loves Freightliner tanker truck' image illustrates which common configuration?
Answer: A truck tractor towing a separate tank trailer.
Explanation: The 'Loves Freightliner tanker truck' image typically depicts a common configuration where a truck tractor unit is coupled with a separate tank trailer for liquid transport.
What does the 'Road train' image signify in the context of transportation?
Answer: A configuration for large-scale transport using multiple trailers.
Explanation: The 'Road train' image exemplifies a transport configuration characterized by multiple trailers attached to a single vehicle, designed for large-scale freight movement.
Which specialized truck type for waste management is listed in the 'See also' section?
Answer: Vacuum truck
Explanation: The 'See also' section explicitly lists 'Vacuum truck' as a specialized type of vehicle used in waste management operations.
What type of specialized truck is shown as an 'International WorkStar Sewer vacuum truck'?
Answer: All of the above.
Explanation: An 'International WorkStar Sewer vacuum truck' is a specialized vehicle configured for waste removal services, encompassing the transport of sewage sludge and the cleaning of sewer lines.
The 'KamAZ-based asphalter truck' is specifically used for what purpose?
Answer: Transporting and applying asphalt materials.
Explanation: The 'KamAZ-based asphalter truck' is designed for the specialized task of both transporting and applying asphalt materials in road construction and maintenance.
What does the 'Tine truck' shown in the gallery represent?
Answer: A specialized truck for transporting milk.
Explanation: The 'Tine truck' depicted in the gallery is a specialized vehicle designed for the hygienic transport of milk.
What is the function of a 'LIAZ cisterna' mentioned as a street cleaner?
Answer: To spray water for cleaning streets or potentially carry collected debris.
Explanation: A 'LIAZ cisterna' functioning as a street cleaner likely utilizes its tank capacity for spraying water to clean streets or for carrying collected debris.
What is the primary purpose of a 'firefighting water tender'?
Answer: To supply water for fire extinguishing.
Explanation: A 'firefighting water tender' is a specialized vehicle whose primary function is to transport and supply water essential for fire suppression operations.
What does the 'Road train' image primarily illustrate?
Answer: A configuration for large-scale transport using multiple trailers.
Explanation: The 'Road train' image exemplifies a transport configuration characterized by multiple trailers attached to a single vehicle, designed for large-scale freight movement.
What specific type of truck is described as being used for emptying septic tanks?
Answer: Vacuum truck
Explanation: Vacuum trucks are specialized vehicles designed for tasks such as emptying septic tanks and transporting the collected waste.
The primary role of a tank truck is to transport solid goods across railway networks.
Answer: False
Explanation: The fundamental purpose of a tank truck is to transport liquids or gases via road, not solid goods across railways. This function is distinct from freight rail transport.
Large tank trucks are commonly used for delivering fuels like gasoline, diesel, and LPG.
Answer: True
Explanation: Large tank trucks are essential for the distribution of various fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), to service stations and consumers.
Tank trucks are exclusively used for transporting fuels and industrial chemicals.
Answer: False
Explanation: While fuels and industrial chemicals are common cargoes, tank trucks are also used for a wide variety of other liquids, including food products, water, and waste materials.
Tank trucks are utilized at airports exclusively for transporting passengers.
Answer: False
Explanation: While tank trucks are present at airports, their primary role is not passenger transport but rather essential services like aircraft refueling.
The 'Ford Shell Fuel Lkw' image represents a tank truck from 1926.
Answer: True
Explanation: The image identified as 'Ford Shell Fuel Lkw' is indeed a representation of a tank truck dating back to 1926.
The 1960 Peterbilt 281 tanker truck is known for its role in the film *Duel*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1960 Peterbilt 281 tanker truck gained significant recognition for its prominent role in Steven Spielberg's acclaimed film *Duel*.
The image 'Milk sold from a tank truck' depicts a scenario in Kstovo where milk is sold directly from the vehicle.
Answer: True
Explanation: The image titled 'Milk sold from a tank truck' illustrates the practice of direct retail sales of milk from the truck, as observed in Kstovo.
Which of the following fuels is commonly transported by large tank trucks?
Answer: Natural gas
Explanation: Large tank trucks are frequently employed for the transport of various fuels, including natural gas, alongside others like gasoline, diesel, and LPG.
Besides fuels, what is an example of a non-fuel liquid good transported by large tank trucks?
Answer: Molasses
Explanation: Tank trucks are versatile and transport a wide range of non-fuel liquids, such as molasses, milk, juices, and various industrial chemicals, in addition to fuels.
Which energy resource is commonly delivered by smaller tank trucks to residential and commercial customers?
Answer: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Explanation: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a common energy resource delivered directly to residential and commercial customers via smaller tank trucks.
In the aviation industry, what essential task are tank trucks used for at airports?
Answer: Refueling aircraft.
Explanation: At airports, tank trucks play a critical role in the aviation industry by performing the essential task of refueling aircraft.
The image labeled 'Ford Shell Fuel Lkw' is identified as what type of vehicle and from what year?
Answer: A tank truck from 1926
Explanation: The 'Ford Shell Fuel Lkw' image depicts a tank truck that dates back to the year 1926.
What is the notable distinction of the 1960 Peterbilt 281 tanker truck mentioned in the source?
Answer: It was featured in Steven Spielberg's film *Duel*.
Explanation: The 1960 Peterbilt 281 tanker truck is notably recognized for its significant appearance in Steven Spielberg's 1971 film, *Duel*.
The image titled 'Milk sold from a tank truck' illustrates what specific practice?
Answer: Direct sale of milk from the truck to consumers.
Explanation: The image 'Milk sold from a tank truck' depicts the direct retail sale of milk from the vehicle to consumers, a practice observed in certain locations.
What does the 'Chemical tank truck Dresden' image suggest about the vehicle's purpose?
Answer: Transporting industrial chemicals.
Explanation: The designation 'Chemical tank truck Dresden' strongly implies that the vehicle's purpose is the transport of industrial chemicals.
The image 'Watering of plants from a tank truck' demonstrates which application?
Answer: Landscaping or agricultural support.
Explanation: The image illustrates a tank truck performing watering duties for plants, indicating its application in landscaping or providing support for agricultural activities.
What does the 'Chemical tank truck Dresden' image imply about its cargo?
Answer: It might carry compressed gases.
Explanation: The designation 'Chemical tank truck' suggests its use for industrial chemicals, which can include compressed gases, in addition to other liquid chemical substances.