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Television, as a telecommunication medium, is fundamentally designed for the transmission of moving images and sound, not primarily still images.
Answer: True
Explanation: Television is defined as a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images and sound, serving as a platform for advertising, entertainment, and news.
The etymological construction of the term 'television' combines the Greek root 'tele' (far) with the Latin root 'visio' (sight).
Answer: True
Explanation: The word 'television' is derived from the Greek word 'tele,' meaning 'far,' and the Latin word 'visio,' meaning 'sight,' accurately reflecting the technology's core function.
What is the fundamental definition of television as a telecommunication medium?
Answer: A medium for transmitting moving images and sound, used for entertainment, news, and advertising.
Explanation: Television is fundamentally defined as a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound, serving broad purposes such as entertainment, news dissemination, and advertising.
According to the source, when did crude experimental forms of television technology first become available?
Answer: In the 1920s.
Explanation: Crude experimental forms of television technology became available in the 1920s, with significant advancements leading to more widespread adoption following World War II.
Which pair of words forms the etymological basis of "television"?
Answer: Greek "tele" (far) and Latin "visio" (sight).
Explanation: The term 'television' is etymologically derived from the Greek word 'tele,' meaning 'far,' and the Latin word 'visio,' meaning 'sight.'
Constantin Perskyi is credited with first using the term 'television' in 1900, presenting his paper in French at the International Congress of Electricity in Paris.
Answer: True
Explanation: The term 'television' was first documented in 1900 by Russian scientist Constantin Perskyi, who used it in a paper presented in French at the International Congress of Electricity in Paris.
The Nipkow disk, patented in 1884, was a critical component for early mechanical television systems, functioning as an image rasterizer.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Nipkow disk, patented in 1884, was a spinning disk with a spiral pattern of holes that scanned an image line by line, serving as an early 'image rasterizer' crucial for mechanical television systems.
John Logie Baird's 1926 demonstration is widely regarded as the world's first public demonstration of true television.
Answer: True
Explanation: On January 26, 1926, John Logie Baird demonstrated before the Royal Institution the transmission of a face in motion by radio, an event considered the world's first true public television demonstration.
German physicist Ferdinand Braun invented the cathode-ray tube (CRT), which became a foundational component for 20th-century television display technology.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ferdinand Braun invented the cathode-ray tube (CRT) in 1897. This invention, also known as the 'Braun tube,' became the foundational component for television display technology throughout the 20th century.
Kálmán Tihanyi's 1926 design focused on improving mechanical scanning methods for television.
Answer: False
Explanation: Kálmán Tihanyi's 1926 television system design incorporated the principle of 'charge storage' within the camera tube, focusing on improving *electronic* scanning and sensitivity, not mechanical methods.
Georges Rignoux and A. Fournier's 1909 demonstration achieved a resolution of 100x100 pixels.
Answer: False
Explanation: Georges Rignoux and A. Fournier's 1909 demonstration achieved an 8x8 pixel resolution, sufficient for transmitting letters, not 100x100 pixels.
Boris Rosing and Vladimir Zworykin's 1911 system utilized a CRT receiver but was limited in displaying only crude images due to sensitivity and lag issues.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1911, Boris Rosing and Vladimir Zworykin developed a television system that used a CRT receiver. However, limitations in sensitivity and the lag of selenium cells restricted the displayed images to crude forms.
What was the primary function of the Nipkow disk in early mechanical television systems?
Answer: To scan an image line by line, serving as an image rasterizer.
Explanation: The Nipkow disk, a key component in early mechanical television, functioned as an image rasterizer by scanning an image line by line using a series of perforations.
Who is credited with the first public demonstration of a true television transmission in 1926?
Answer: John Logie Baird
Explanation: John Logie Baird is widely recognized for conducting the world's first public demonstration of a true television transmission in 1926, showcasing the transmission of a face in motion.
Which invention by Ferdinand Braun became a foundational component for 20th-century television display technology?
Answer: The cathode-ray tube (CRT)
Explanation: Ferdinand Braun's invention of the cathode-ray tube (CRT) in 1897 provided the essential technology for television display systems throughout much of the 20th century.
What key innovation did Kálmán Tihanyi introduce in his 1926 television system design?
Answer: The principle of "charge storage" within the camera tube for improved sensitivity.
Explanation: Kálmán Tihanyi's 1926 design incorporated the principle of 'charge storage' within the camera tube, significantly enhancing the sensitivity of electronic television systems.
Philo Farnsworth's 1927 demonstration transmitted the first image using a completely mechanical system.
Answer: False
Explanation: Philo Farnsworth's 1927 demonstration transmitted the first image using his 'image dissector' camera tube, marking a crucial step in the development of all-electronic television systems.
RCA won the patent interference suit against Philo Farnsworth, asserting priority in electronic television.
Answer: False
Explanation: A U.S. Patent Office examiner ruled in favor of Philo Farnsworth in the patent interference suit against RCA, affirming his priority in electronic television, although RCA eventually licensed his patents.
Manfred von Ardenne's 1931 demonstration in Berlin was the first public showing of a television system using a CRT for reception only.
Answer: False
Explanation: Manfred von Ardenne's 1931 demonstration in Berlin was the first public showing of a television system using a CRT for both transmission (of slides/film) and reception, marking a significant step towards fully electronic television.
Manfred von Ardenne's 1931 transmission system utilized a CRT for reception and a flying-spot scanner (for slides/film), marking a significant step towards electronic television, not solely mechanical components.
Answer: True
Explanation: Manfred von Ardenne's 1931 demonstration employed a CRT for reception and a flying-spot scanner for transmitting images from slides and film, representing a crucial advancement in electronic television technology.
The 1927 demonstration by Bell Telephone Laboratories showcased a mechanical television system transmitting monochromatic moving images with synchronized sound.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1927, Bell Telephone Laboratories demonstrated a mechanical television system that transmitted reasonably accurate, monochromatic moving images with synchronized sound, setting a high standard for mechanical television at the time.
The world's first regular "high-definition" television service, using a 405-line system, began broadcasting in the United Kingdom in 1936.
Answer: True
Explanation: The world's first regular "high-definition" television service, utilizing a 405-line system, commenced broadcasting on November 2, 1936, from Alexandra Palace in London.
The NTSC standard was designed to transmit color information independently of brightness, requiring new TVs.
Answer: False
Explanation: The NTSC standard was designed to conserve bandwidth by encoding color information separately from brightness and reducing the color signal's resolution, crucially ensuring compatibility with existing black-and-white television sets.
Standard-Definition Television (SDTV) resolutions like 1080p and 720p offer higher detail than High-Definition Television (HDTV).
Answer: False
Explanation: Standard-Definition Television (SDTV) resolutions, such as 576i or 480i, offer lower detail compared to High-Definition Television (HDTV) resolutions like 1080p, 1080i, or 720p.
Ultra-High-Definition Television (UHDTV) encompasses resolutions like 4K UHD (2160p) and 8K UHD (4320p).
Answer: True
Explanation: Ultra-High-Definition Television (UHDTV) standards include 4K UHD, which has a resolution of 3840x2160 pixels (2160p), and 8K UHD, with 7680x4320 pixels (4320p), offering significantly enhanced detail.
The "Indian-head test pattern" was primarily used during the black-and-white era for calibrating picture quality and alignment, not specifically for testing color balance.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Indian-head test pattern' was a standard visual reference displayed during the black-and-white era to assist technicians in calibrating picture quality and alignment before programming commenced.
High-definition television (HDTV) typically uses resolutions such as 576i or 480i.
Answer: False
Explanation: High-definition television (HDTV) utilizes resolutions significantly higher than 576i or 480i, commonly including 1080p, 1080i, and 720p, which provide greater image detail.
The introduction of color broadcasting in the 1950s significantly increased television ownership and popularity.
Answer: True
Explanation: The advent of color broadcasting, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s, was a major driver in increasing the adoption and popularity of television sets, offering a more engaging viewing experience.
How did color broadcasting impact the adoption of television sets?
Answer: It significantly increased popularity and widespread adoption.
Explanation: The introduction of color broadcasting, particularly from the 1950s onwards, was a major driver in increasing the popularity and widespread adoption of television sets, offering a richer visual experience.
What is the difference between standard-definition television (SDTV) and high-definition television (HDTV) in terms of resolution?
Answer: SDTV uses 576i or 480i, while HDTV uses substantially higher resolutions like 1080p, 1080i, or 720p.
Explanation: Standard-Definition Television (SDTV) typically employs resolutions such as 576i or 480i, whereas High-Definition Television (HDTV) offers substantially higher resolutions, commonly including 1080p, 1080i, and 720p.
What technical challenge did the NTSC standard address for color broadcasting?
Answer: Conserving bandwidth and maintaining compatibility with existing black-and-white sets.
Explanation: The NTSC standard was developed to address the challenge of transmitting color information efficiently by encoding it separately from brightness and reducing the color signal's resolution, thereby ensuring backward compatibility with existing black-and-white television receivers.
Which resolutions are characteristic of Standard-Definition Television (SDTV)?
Answer: 576i and 480i
Explanation: Standard-Definition Television (SDTV) is characterized by resolutions such as 576i (common in PAL/SECAM systems) and 480i (common in NTSC systems).
What are the resolutions associated with Ultra-High-Definition Television (UHDTV)?
Answer: 4K UHD (2160p) and 8K UHD (4320p)
Explanation: Ultra-High-Definition Television (UHDTV) encompasses resolutions of 4K UHD (3840x2160 pixels, or 2160p) and 8K UHD (7680x4320 pixels, or 4320p).
Active shutter and polarized display methods are commonly used in 3D televisions that do not require glasses.
Answer: False
Explanation: Active shutter and polarized display methods are common techniques for 3D televisions, but active shutter systems typically require glasses, while autostereoscopic displays offer viewing without glasses.
Sony's TV8-301, released in 1960, was significant as the first fully transistorized, portable solid-state television set.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sony's TV8-301, introduced in 1960, marked a milestone as the first fully transistorized, portable solid-state television set, heralding a move towards smaller electronic devices.
LED TVs utilize LEDs as a backlight for their Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs), whereas OLED displays emit light directly from individual pixels.
Answer: True
Explanation: LED TVs employ LEDs for backlighting LCD panels, while OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) displays generate light directly from each pixel, enabling superior contrast and black levels.
OLED displays do not require a backlight, which contributes to their thinness and ability to achieve deeper black levels.
Answer: True
Explanation: Unlike LCDs, OLED displays are self-emissive and do not require a separate backlight. This characteristic allows for thinner designs and the capability to display perfect blacks by turning off individual pixels.
Which of the following is a type of compact, energy-efficient flat-panel display technology that replaced CRT screens?
Answer: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Explanation: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology, including its LED-backlit variants, represents a significant advancement in compact, energy-efficient flat-panel displays that largely replaced older CRT screens.
Sony's TV8-301, released in 1960, was significant as the first:
Answer: Fully transistorized, portable solid-state television set.
Explanation: Sony's TV8-301, launched in 1960, represented a technological leap as the first fully transistorized, portable solid-state television set.
What are the two primary types of LCD televisions mentioned in the text?
Answer: LCDs using CCFL lamps and LED-backlit LCDs (LED TVs)
Explanation: The text distinguishes between traditional LCD televisions using Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFL) for backlighting and those employing Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as backlights, commonly referred to as LED TVs.
Compared to traditional LCD TVs using CCFL backlights, what is a key advantage of OLED displays?
Answer: OLEDs do not need a backlight, allowing for deeper black levels and higher contrast.
Explanation: A primary advantage of OLED displays is their self-emissive nature, eliminating the need for a backlight. This characteristic enables superior black levels and contrast ratios compared to CCFL-backlit LCDs.
A smart television is defined as any television that can receive content over the internet.
Answer: False
Explanation: A smart television specifically integrates Internet and Web 2.0 features, representing a convergence of computing and television. Internet TV is a broader term for receiving television content via the internet.
Cable television transmits programming using over-the-air radio waves, similar to traditional terrestrial broadcasting.
Answer: False
Explanation: Cable television delivers programming via coaxial or fiber-optic cables using radio frequency or light pulses, which is distinct from terrestrial broadcasting's over-the-air radio wave transmission received by an antenna.
Arthur C. Clarke proposed using a single geostationary satellite for global communications in 1945.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 1945, Arthur C. Clarke proposed a global communications system using *three* satellites equally spaced in Earth orbit, laying the groundwork for modern satellite communication.
A video monitor can receive broadcast signals directly due to its built-in tuner.
Answer: False
Explanation: A television set includes a tuner for receiving broadcast signals, whereas a video monitor is solely a display device and lacks this capability.
The primary function of a television tuner is to receive and decode broadcast signals; it does not display the image itself.
Answer: True
Explanation: A television tuner's role is to select and demodulate broadcast signals, preparing them for processing by other components. The actual image display is handled by the screen.
The primary difference between smart TVs and Internet TV is the presence of integrated Web 2.0 features on smart TVs.
Answer: True
Explanation: Smart TVs are characterized by integrated Internet connectivity and Web 2.0 functionalities, distinguishing them from the broader concept of Internet TV, which simply refers to television content delivered over the internet.
Cable television systems exclusively use coaxial cables for signal transmission.
Answer: False
Explanation: Cable television systems utilize both coaxial and fiber-optic cables for signal transmission, employing radio frequency or light pulses to deliver programming.
What technological advancements have enabled viewers to watch pre-recorded material on their own schedules?
Answer: Betamax and VHS tapes, LaserDiscs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, and digital video recorders.
Explanation: Various archival storage media, including VCR tapes, LaserDiscs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, and digital video recorders (DVRs), along with modern streaming services, have enabled viewers to record and watch content at their convenience.
How does cable television deliver programming?
Answer: Via coaxial or fiber-optic cables using radio frequency or light pulses.
Explanation: Cable television delivers programming through physical infrastructure, utilizing coaxial or fiber-optic cables to transmit signals via radio frequency or light pulses.
What is the primary distinction between a television set and a video monitor?
Answer: A television set includes a tuner for receiving broadcast signals; a monitor does not.
Explanation: The fundamental difference lies in the inclusion of a tuner: a television set possesses one for receiving broadcast signals, whereas a video monitor functions solely as a display device.
In the first half of 2023, LG Electronics held the largest market share among television manufacturers worldwide.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the first half of 2023, Samsung Electronics held the largest global market share for television manufacturers, with LG Electronics ranking second.
Broadcast syndication refers to the original run of a television program on a licensed network.
Answer: False
Explanation: Broadcast syndication refers to the secondary usage rights of a television program, including international distribution and reruns, distinct from its original network run.
Dramas are typically among the most expensive television genres to produce due to complex production requirements.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dramas are generally considered among the most expensive television genres to produce, often requiring significant investment in sets, actors, special effects, and elaborate production values.
Advertising revenue is a primary source of financing for broadcast television globally.
Answer: True
Explanation: Globally, broadcast television financing relies heavily on advertising revenue, often supplemented by government funding, licensing fees, and direct viewer subscriptions.
The first official, paid television advertisement broadcast in the U.S. in 1941 was for Bulova watches.
Answer: True
Explanation: The inaugural paid television advertisement in the United States aired on July 1, 1941, promoting Bulova watches with a graphic resembling a clock face.
Product placement involves featuring brands within shows as a form of advertising integrated into the content.
Answer: True
Explanation: Product placement is a marketing technique where specific brands or products are deliberately integrated into television shows or films as a form of advertising embedded within the content.
In the UK, commercial TV channels are restricted to an average of seven minutes of advertising per hour, with a peak limit of eight minutes.
Answer: True
Explanation: Major commercial television channels in the UK are regulated to limit advertising to an average of seven minutes per hour, not exceeding eight minutes during peak periods, to balance commercial interests with viewer experience.
Subscription television channels generate revenue primarily through subscriber fees, often supplemented by advertising, rather than offering free content to attract advertisers.
Answer: True
Explanation: Subscription television channels primarily secure revenue by requiring viewers to pay for access, typically through monthly fees, often in conjunction with advertising revenue. This model differs from free-to-air broadcast television which relies more heavily on advertising.
In 2013, approximately 79% of households worldwide owned a television set.
Answer: True
Explanation: By 2013, global television ownership had reached a significant level, with approximately 79% of households worldwide possessing at least one television set.
In 2013, what approximate percentage of the world's households owned a television set?
Answer: Approximately 79%
Explanation: In 2013, global television ownership was substantial, with approximately 79% of households worldwide possessing at least one television set.
In the first half of 2023, which company held the largest global market share for television manufacturing?
Answer: Samsung Electronics
Explanation: Samsung Electronics led the global television market share in the first half of 2023, holding 31.2% of the market, followed by LG Electronics and TCL.
What does "broadcast syndication" refer to in the context of TV programming delivery?
Answer: Secondary usage rights, including international distribution and reruns.
Explanation: Broadcast syndication pertains to the licensing of programming rights for secondary use, encompassing international distribution, reruns, and other forms of exploitation beyond the original network broadcast.
Which television genre is typically identified as the most expensive to produce?
Answer: Dramas
Explanation: Dramas are generally considered the most costly television genres to produce, often requiring substantial budgets for elaborate sets, casting, special effects, and extensive production values.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a primary method for financing broadcast television globally?
Answer: Pay-per-view movie rentals
Explanation: While advertising revenue, direct subscriptions, and government funding are cited as primary financing methods for broadcast television, pay-per-view movie rentals are not explicitly mentioned as a core financing model for broadcast television in general.
The first official, paid television advertisement broadcast in the United States was for which product?
Answer: Bulova watches
Explanation: The first official, paid television advertisement in the U.S., aired in 1941, was for Bulova watches, featuring a graphic resembling a clock.
What technique involves deliberately featuring specific brands or products within television shows as a form of advertising integrated into the content?
Answer: Product placement
Explanation: Product placement is a method of advertising where specific brands or products are intentionally incorporated into the narrative or visual elements of television programs or films.
What is the advertising time limit per hour for major commercial TV channels in the UK?
Answer: An average of 7 minutes, with a peak limit of 8 minutes
Explanation: Commercial television channels in the UK are regulated to limit advertising to an average of seven minutes per hour, with a maximum of eight minutes during peak times.
How do subscription television channels typically ensure revenue from viewers?
Answer: By encrypting signals and requiring paying subscribers to access them.
Explanation: Subscription television channels typically generate revenue by encrypting their content and requiring viewers to pay for access through subscriptions, often supplemented by advertising.
Some religious groups oppose television viewing, considering it an 'occasion of sin'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Certain religious denominations and groups, including some Conservative Anabaptists and Traditional Catholic congregations, express opposition to television in households, viewing its content as potentially leading to sin.
The risk of injury from falling televisions, particularly from tip-overs, remains a concern with both older CRTs and newer flat-panel displays.
Answer: True
Explanation: TV tip-overs pose a significant risk of injury to children. While flat-panel displays are lighter, their design can still lead to tip-over accidents, similar to the risks associated with older, heavier CRT models.
Discarded televisions, particularly older CRTs containing lead and other hazardous materials, pose significant environmental risks if not properly recycled.
Answer: True
Explanation: Electronic waste from discarded televisions, especially CRTs containing lead, presents environmental hazards. Proper disposal and recycling protocols are essential to mitigate these risks.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly boosted the television streaming business due to increased home confinement.
Answer: True
Explanation: Contrary to a decline, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial increase in the television streaming business as global lockdowns and stay-at-home orders drove demand for online content.
Traditional Catholic congregations like the Society of Saint Pius X generally embrace television viewing as a positive influence.
Answer: False
Explanation: Certain religious groups, including Traditional Catholic congregations like the Society of Saint Pius X, oppose television viewing, often viewing its content as an 'occasion of sin'.
Which of the following groups is mentioned as opposing television in households, viewing it as an "occasion of sin"?
Answer: Certain Conservative Anabaptist congregations
Explanation: Certain religious groups, including some Conservative Anabaptist congregations, oppose television viewing in households, viewing it as an 'occasion of sin' due to its potential content.
What environmental concern is specifically linked to discarded CRT televisions in the source?
Answer: The presence of lead
Explanation: Discarded CRT televisions pose an environmental concern due to the presence of lead in their glass components, necessitating specialized recycling processes.