Historical Context and Standardization
Prior to the 1890s, Australia lacked a unified national system for standard time zones, with local mean time prevailing in individual cities and towns.
Explanation: Before the 1890s, Australia did not possess a uniform national system of standard time zones. Instead, local mean time, determined by each locality, was the prevailing method of timekeeping.
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Sandford Fleming's proposal for uniform time zones directly influenced the adoption of Australia's three primary time zones.
Explanation: While Sandford Fleming's work on uniform time zones inspired discussions, it was W. H. Wilson's proposal for three distinct time zones, differing by one hour, that gained support and influenced the eventual adoption of Australia's time zone structure.
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South Australia advanced its standard time by thirty minutes in 1899 to align with business interests and sports enthusiasts.
Explanation: In May 1899, South Australia advanced its Central Standard Time by thirty minutes to UTC+09:30, primarily due to lobbying from businesses seeking alignment with Melbourne's time and from sports enthusiasts desiring more daylight for evening activities.
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Sir Charles Todd's initial proposal advocated for dividing Australia into three distinct time zones, each differing by one hour.
Explanation: Sir Charles Todd's initial proposal advocated for a single uniform time zone for the entire continent, based on the 135th meridian east. W. H. Wilson's proposal suggested dividing Australia into three distinct time zones.
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The Northern Territory adopted Central Standard Time when it was separated from South Australia in 1911.
Explanation: When the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia in 1911 and came under federal jurisdiction, it maintained its existing time zone, Central Standard Time.
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Before standard time, local mean time meant that every town in Australia operated on the same time.
Explanation: Before the adoption of standard time, local mean time meant that each town or locality determined its own time, resulting in varying times across Australia.
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South Australia's decision to advance its time in 1899 was primarily influenced by astronomical observations.
Explanation: South Australia's decision to advance its time in 1899 was primarily influenced by lobbying from businesses and sports enthusiasts, not astronomical observations.
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The proposal for dividing Australia into three time zones, each differing by one hour, was initially put forth by Sir Charles Todd.
Explanation: The proposal for dividing Australia into three time zones was put forth by W. H. Wilson of Queensland, not Sir Charles Todd, whose initial proposal favored a single time zone.
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Before the 1890s, what determined the local time in Australian cities and towns?
Answer: Local mean time, determined by each locality.
Explanation: Before the standardization efforts in the 1890s, local mean time, which varied by each city or town, was used to determine the time across Australia.
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Which Canadian system served as an inspiration for the proposal of Australian standard time zones?
Answer: Sandford Fleming's system.
Explanation: Sandford Fleming's work on establishing a system of uniform time zones in Canada served as an inspiration for proposals regarding Australian standard time zones.
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What was Sir Charles Todd's initial proposal for standardizing time across Australia?
Answer: Establishing a single uniform time zone based on the 135th meridian east.
Explanation: Sir Charles Todd's initial proposal for standardizing time across Australia was to establish a single uniform time zone based on the 135th meridian east.
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Which individual's plan for three distinct time zones eventually gained support in Australia in 1893?
Explanation: W. H. Wilson, the Postmaster-General of Queensland, proposed a system of three distinct time zones, which gained support in Australia in 1893.
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According to the 1895 legislation, what was the initial standard time offset from GMT for South Australia and the Northern Territory?
Explanation: In the 1895 legislation, South Australia and the Northern Territory initially set their standard time nine hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), which is UTC+09:00. However, South Australia later advanced this to UTC+09:30.
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In May 1899, South Australia advanced its Central Standard Time by thirty minutes primarily due to:
Answer: Lobbying from businesses and sports enthusiasts.
Explanation: South Australia advanced its Central Standard Time by thirty minutes in May 1899 primarily due to lobbying from businesses seeking alignment with Melbourne's time and from sports enthusiasts desiring more daylight for evening activities.
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What was the reason cited for South Australia advancing its standard time by thirty minutes in May 1899?
Answer: To provide more daylight for evening sports and align with Melbourne businesses.
Explanation: South Australia advanced its standard time by thirty minutes in 1899 to align with Melbourne's business hours and to provide more daylight for evening sports activities.
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The proposal that gained support in 1893 for dividing Australia into time zones was from which Postmaster-General?
Answer: W. H. Wilson of Queensland
Explanation: The proposal that gained support in 1893 for dividing Australia into time zones originated from W. H. Wilson, the Postmaster-General of Queensland.
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Mainland Standard Time Zones
The Northern Territory observes Australian Central Standard Time (ACST) at UTC+09:30 and does not observe daylight saving time.
Explanation: The Northern Territory observes Australian Central Standard Time (ACST) at UTC+09:30 and does not implement daylight saving time.
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What are the three primary standard time zones used across Australia?
Answer: Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10), Australian Central Standard Time (UTC+9:30), Australian Western Standard Time (UTC+8:00)
Explanation: Australia primarily utilizes three standard time zones: Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) at UTC+10:00, Australian Central Standard Time (ACST) at UTC+09:30, and Australian Western Standard Time (AWST) at UTC+08:00.
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What is the standard time for Queensland, and does it observe DST?
Answer: UTC+10:00, does not observe DST.
Explanation: Queensland observes Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) at UTC+10:00 and does not currently observe daylight saving time.
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Which of the following is NOT a standard time zone used across Australia?
Answer: Australian Southern Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
Explanation: Australian Southern Standard Time (UTC+09:00) is not a recognized standard time zone used across Australia; the primary zones are Eastern, Central, and Western.
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What is the standard time for Victoria, and does it observe DST?
Answer: UTC+10:00, observes DST.
Explanation: Victoria observes Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) at UTC+10:00 and observes daylight saving time, switching to AEDT (UTC+11:00).
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Which of the following is true regarding the time zones of the Northern Territory and Queensland?
Answer: Neither observes daylight saving time.
Explanation: Neither the Northern Territory nor Queensland currently observes daylight saving time.
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What time zone does Western Australia observe, and does it implement DST?
Answer: UTC+08:00, does not observe DST.
Explanation: Western Australia observes Australian Western Standard Time (AWST) at UTC+08:00 and does not implement daylight saving time.
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What is the standard time for the Northern Territory, and does it observe DST?
Answer: UTC+09:30, does not observe DST.
Explanation: The Northern Territory observes Australian Central Standard Time (ACST) at UTC+09:30 and does not observe daylight saving time.
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Which of the following is a correct statement about the time zones of the Australian mainland states?
Answer: Victoria observes UTC+10:00 and DST.
Explanation: Victoria observes Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10:00) and does observe daylight saving time.
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Daylight Saving Time (DST) Observance
Western Australia currently observes daylight saving time.
Explanation: Western Australia does not currently observe daylight saving time.
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All Australian states and territories currently observe daylight saving time during the summer months.
Explanation: Daylight saving time is not observed in all Australian states and territories; Queensland, Western Australia, and the Northern Territory do not currently observe it.
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Tasmania observes Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) and also observes daylight saving time.
Explanation: Tasmania observes Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) at UTC+10:00 and advances its clocks to Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT) at UTC+11:00 during the daylight saving period.
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The 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne caused DST to end earlier than usual in participating states.
Explanation: The conclusion of daylight saving time was postponed by one week in 2006 for several states, including Victoria, to accommodate the 2006 Commonwealth Games held in Melbourne, with DST ending on April 2, 2006.
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Queensland's 1992 daylight saving referendum resulted in a majority voting in favor of adopting DST.
Explanation: The 1992 Queensland daylight saving referendum resulted in a 54.5 percent majority voting against the adoption of DST.
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All Australian mainland territories observe daylight saving time.
Explanation: Not all mainland territories observe daylight saving time; Queensland, Western Australia, and the Northern Territory do not currently observe it.
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During DST periods, Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT) is 30 minutes ahead of Australian Central Daylight Saving Time (ACDT).
Explanation: During daylight saving periods, AEDT is observed at UTC+11:00, while ACDT is at UTC+10:30, making AEDT 30 minutes ahead of ACDT.
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Victoria observes Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) and switches to Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT) during daylight saving periods.
Explanation: Victoria observes Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) at UTC+10:00 and implements Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT) at UTC+11:00 during daylight saving periods.
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Western Australia has held referendums on daylight saving time in 1975, 1984, 1992, and 2009, all of which passed.
Explanation: Western Australia has held four referendums on daylight saving time (1975, 1984, 1992, and 2009), but all of these proposals were defeated by voters.
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The 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney caused DST to start earlier in South Australia than in the eastern states.
Explanation: In anticipation of the 2000 Sydney Olympics, eastern states advanced DST to August 27, 2000, while South Australia commenced DST on its usual date of October 29, 2000.
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New South Wales observes Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) at UTC+10:00 and switches to Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT) at UTC+11:00.
Explanation: New South Wales observes AEST (UTC+10:00) and transitions to AEDT (UTC+11:00) during daylight saving periods.
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The Northern Territory currently observes daylight saving time.
Explanation: The Northern Territory does not currently observe daylight saving time.
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During daylight saving periods, Australian Central Daylight Saving Time (ACDT) is set at UTC+10:30.
Explanation: Australian Central Daylight Saving Time (ACDT) is observed at UTC+10:30 during daylight saving periods.
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The Whitsunday Islands continued observing daylight saving time for two years after Queensland's 1992 referendum rejected it.
Explanation: Following the 1992 referendum, several Whitsunday Islands continued to observe daylight saving time for two years, discontinuing the practice in 1995.
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Premier Peter Beattie claimed that introducing DST in Queensland would increase skin cancer rates, a claim supported by the Queensland Cancer Fund.
Explanation: Premier Peter Beattie suggested DST might increase skin cancer rates, but the Queensland Cancer Fund stated there was no evidence to support this claim.
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Western Australia has held referendums on daylight saving time more times than any other state.
Explanation: Western Australia has conducted four referendums on daylight saving time (1975, 1984, 1992, and 2009), which is more than any other state.
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Which of the following Australian states currently observes daylight saving time?
Explanation: Among the options provided, Tasmania is the state that currently observes daylight saving time.
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The period during which daylight saving time is typically observed in participating Australian states is:
Answer: The first Sunday in October to the first Sunday in April.
Explanation: Daylight saving time in participating Australian states typically spans from the first Sunday in October to the first Sunday in April.
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How did the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney affect the start date of DST in New South Wales?
Answer: DST started earlier, on August 27, 2000.
Explanation: In anticipation of the 2000 Summer Olympics, New South Wales advanced its daylight saving time start date to August 27, 2000.
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Why was the end of DST delayed by one week in 2006 for several Australian states?
Answer: To allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne.
Explanation: The end of daylight saving time was delayed by one week in 2006 for several states to accommodate the 2006 Commonwealth Games held in Melbourne.
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What was the result of the 1992 Queensland daylight saving referendum?
Answer: 54.5% voted against the adoption of DST.
Explanation: The 1992 Queensland daylight saving referendum resulted in 54.5% of voters opposing the adoption of DST.
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Public opinion on daylight saving time in Queensland after the 1992 referendum showed a geographical divide, with opposition strongest in which regions?
Answer: Northern and western regions.
Explanation: Public opposition to daylight saving time in Queensland after the 1992 referendum was notably stronger in the northern and western regions of the state.
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What was the outcome of the 2009 referendum on daylight saving time in Western Australia?
Answer: The proposal was defeated, with 54.6% voting against it.
Explanation: The 2009 referendum in Western Australia concerning daylight saving time resulted in its defeat, with 54.6% of voters opposing the proposal.
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What time zone does Tasmania observe during daylight saving periods?
Answer: Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (UTC+11:00)
Explanation: During daylight saving periods, Tasmania observes Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT), which is UTC+11:00.
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The source mentions that the 1992 Queensland daylight saving referendum resulted in a majority vote against DST. This opposition was noted as being stronger in which regions?
Answer: Northern and western regions.
Explanation: Opposition to daylight saving time in Queensland following the 1992 referendum was notably stronger in the northern and western regions of the state.
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External Territories and Specific Locations
Broken Hill adopted Australian Central Standard Time because its rail connections were primarily with Sydney.
Explanation: Broken Hill, located in New South Wales, adopted Australian Central Standard Time due to its rail connections being primarily with Adelaide, South Australia, rather than Sydney.
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Christmas Island uses UTC+07:00 and observes daylight saving time.
Explanation: Christmas Island operates on UTC+07:00 year-round and does not observe daylight saving time.
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The Cocos (Keeling) Islands operate on UTC+06:30 year-round and do not observe DST.
Explanation: The Cocos (Keeling) Islands maintain a year-round time zone of UTC+06:30 and do not implement daylight saving time.
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The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) operates its trading based on Western Australian time.
Explanation: The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) operates its trading based on Sydney time (Australian Eastern Standard Time).
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Norfolk Island's standard time is UTC+11:00, and it observes UTC+12:00 during daylight saving time.
Explanation: Norfolk Island uses UTC+11:00 as its standard time and observes UTC+12:00 when daylight saving time is in effect.
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The Indian Pacific train's 'train time' was set to UTC+09:00 starting in November 2005.
Explanation: The Indian Pacific train established a 'train time' of UTC+09:00 for scheduling purposes, commencing in November 2005.
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The region observing Australian Central Western Standard Time (ACWST) has an estimated population of around 200 people.
Explanation: The estimated population residing in the southeastern corner of Western Australia and at Border Village in South Australia, which observes ACWST (UTC+08:45), is approximately 200 people.
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Gold Coast Airport observes daylight saving time, aligning with New South Wales.
Explanation: Gold Coast Airport maintains Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) year-round and does not observe daylight saving time, despite its proximity to New South Wales which does.
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Macquarie Island uses UTC+11:00 as its standard time.
Explanation: Macquarie Island uses UTC+10:00 as its standard time and observes UTC+11:00 during the daylight saving period.
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Why did Broken Hill adopt Australian Central Standard Time?
Answer: Its rail connections were primarily with Adelaide, South Australia.
Explanation: Broken Hill adopted Australian Central Standard Time due to its rail connections being predominantly with Adelaide, South Australia, rather than with Sydney.
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What is the standard time offset for Christmas Island?
Explanation: Christmas Island operates on UTC+07:00 as its standard time offset.
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Which external territory uses UTC+11:00 as its standard time?
Explanation: Norfolk Island uses UTC+11:00 as its standard time.
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What time zone is observed in the southeastern corner of Western Australia and at the Border Village in South Australia?
Answer: Australian Central Western Standard Time (UTC+08:45)
Explanation: The southeastern corner of Western Australia and Border Village in South Australia observe Australian Central Western Standard Time (ACWST), which is UTC+08:45.
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The Indian Pacific train's 'train time' was set to UTC+09:00 starting in which year?
Explanation: The Indian Pacific train's 'train time' was set to UTC+09:00 starting in 2005.
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Which of the following external territories does NOT observe daylight saving time?
Answer: Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Explanation: The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are among the external territories that do not observe daylight saving time.
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What time zone does Macquarie Island use during its daylight saving period?
Explanation: During its daylight saving period, Macquarie Island uses UTC+11:00.
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What time zone does the Cocos (Keeling) Islands use year-round?
Explanation: The Cocos (Keeling) Islands use UTC+06:30 as their year-round time zone.
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What time zone does Norfolk Island use when daylight saving time is in effect?
Explanation: When daylight saving time is in effect, Norfolk Island uses UTC+12:00.
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The source mentions that the Australian Securities Exchange operates its trading on which city's time?
Explanation: The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) operates its trading based on Sydney time.
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Regulatory Framework and Modern Practices
Australia officially adopted UTC as the standard for its times in September 2005, replacing GMT.
Explanation: In September 2005, all Australian jurisdictions formally adopted UTC as the standard for their times, replacing GMT and eliminating minor variations previously caused by Earth's rotation.
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The Australian Capital Territory's timekeeping is regulated under the 'Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972'.
Explanation: The 'Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972' governs the timekeeping for the Australian Capital Territory and the Jervis Bay Territory.
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The IANA time zone database lists exactly 15 time zones for Australia.
Explanation: The IANA time zone database lists 18 time zones for Australia, detailing official names, UTC offsets, and daylight saving information.
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The 'See also' section in the article provides definitions for time zone terms.
Explanation: The 'See also' section directs readers to related topics and further information, such as specific time zones and DST details, rather than providing definitions for terms.
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The regulation of time across Australia is solely managed by a single federal authority.
Explanation: The regulation of time zones across Australia is managed by individual state and territory governments, not by a single federal authority.
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Federal elections in Australia determine polling station closing times based on the time zone of the national capital.
Explanation: For federal elections, polling station closing times are determined by the local time of each polling station, not the time zone of the national capital.
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Who is responsible for regulating time zones within Australia?
Answer: Individual state and territory governments.
Explanation: The regulation of time across Australia is determined by the individual state and territory governments, rather than a single federal authority.
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What is the significance of the 'nationwide time' often used for business activities in Australia?
Answer: It usually means Sydney time is used for national business operations.
Explanation: A 'nationwide time' often refers to Sydney time (Australian Eastern Standard Time) being used for national business operations, such as for tender submissions or stock exchange trading.
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How are polling station closing times determined for federal elections in Australia?
Answer: They are based on the local time of each polling station.
Explanation: Polling station closing times for federal elections are determined by the local time of each respective polling station.
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The IANA time zone database provides comprehensive information including:
Answer: Official time zone names, UTC offsets, and DST information for Australia's 18 zones.
Explanation: The IANA time zone database comprehensively lists Australia's 18 time zones, including their official names, UTC offsets, and daylight saving time information.
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Which state's time zone legislation is governed by the 'Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972'?
Answer: Australian Capital Territory
Explanation: The 'Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972' governs the timekeeping for the Australian Capital Territory and the Jervis Bay Territory.
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When did Australia formally adopt UTC as the standard basis for its times?
Answer: In September 2005.
Explanation: Australia formally adopted UTC as the standard basis for its times in September 2005.
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Which territory's timekeeping is governed by the 'Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972'?
Answer: Jervis Bay Territory
Explanation: The 'Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972' governs the timekeeping for the Jervis Bay Territory, as well as the Australian Capital Territory.
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