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The nickname 'Tiradentes' was given to Joaquim José da Silva Xavier as a term of honor by his fellow revolutionaries.
Answer: False
Explanation: The nickname 'Tiradentes,' meaning 'tooth puller,' originated from his profession in dentistry and pharmaceutical practices. It was later used pejoratively during his trial, not as an honorific by revolutionaries.
Tiradentes was born in 1755, the same year his mother passed away, leading to his early orphanhood.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tiradentes was born in 1746. His mother passed away in 1755, and his father two years later, leading to his orphanhood at age 11.
Tiradentes' family owned a significant property, Fazenda do Pombal, which included 35 slaves and valuable mining equipment.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that Tiradentes' family owned Fazenda do Pombal, a substantial property that included 35 slaves and valuable mining equipment.
Before becoming a revolutionary, Tiradentes worked exclusively as a military officer and a miner.
Answer: False
Explanation: Before his revolutionary involvement, Tiradentes engaged in various professions, including peddler, miner, pharmacy partner, dentist, and occasionally a doctor, in addition to his military service.
Tiradentes' knowledge of medicinal plants came from his father, who was a botanist.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tiradentes acquired his knowledge of medicinal plants from his botanist cousin, José Mariano da Conceição Veloso, not his father.
From what profession did Joaquim José da Silva Xavier derive his famous nickname 'Tiradentes'?
Answer: His practice of dentistry.
Explanation: Joaquim José da Silva Xavier earned the nickname 'Tiradentes,' meaning 'tooth puller,' due to his work in pharmaceutical practices and dentistry.
In what year was Tiradentes born?
Answer: 1746
Explanation: Tiradentes was born on November 12, 1746.
What was the financial status of Tiradentes' family after his parents' deaths?
Answer: They lost their assets due to debt.
Explanation: After the deaths of his parents, Tiradentes' family lost their assets due to debt, leading to his early orphanhood and care by his uncle.
Which of the following was NOT one of Tiradentes' occupations before he became a revolutionary leader?
Answer: Lawyer
Explanation: Before his revolutionary involvement, Tiradentes worked as a peddler, miner, pharmacy partner, dentist, and occasionally a doctor. He was not a lawyer.
Who was Tiradentes' botanist cousin from whom he acquired knowledge of medicinal plants?
Answer: José Mariano da Conceição Veloso
Explanation: Tiradentes acquired his knowledge of medicinal plants from his botanist cousin, José Mariano da Conceição Veloso.
Joaquim JosĂ© da Silva Xavier, known as Tiradentes, was a central figure in the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira, a movement aiming for Brazilian independence and a republican government.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source identifies Joaquim JosĂ© da Silva Xavier, or Tiradentes, as a pivotal figure in the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira, a movement dedicated to achieving Brazilian independence and establishing a republican government.
Tiradentes' denial of promotion in the military was primarily due to his lack of formal education.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tiradentes' systematic denial of promotion in the military was due to his non-aristocratic background, not a lack of formal education.
The 'Caminho Novo' was a crucial route for transporting gold from the interior of Brazil to the coast for shipment to Portugal.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Caminho Novo' was a vital road that served as the primary route for transporting gold from the interior of Brazil (Minas Gerais) to Rio de Janeiro for shipment to Portugal.
JosĂ© Ălvares Maciel returned from France with liberal ideas before joining Tiradentes.
Answer: False
Explanation: JosĂ© Ălvares Maciel returned from England with liberal ideas before connecting with Tiradentes.
The *derrama* was a voluntary contribution of gold from the colony to the Portuguese Crown.
Answer: False
Explanation: The *derrama* was a heavily confiscatory tribute imposed by the Portuguese Crown when the colony failed to meet its mandatory gold quota (*quinto*), not a voluntary contribution.
The InconfidĂȘncia Mineira was significantly influenced by the American Revolution and the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Answer: True
Explanation: The InconfidĂȘncia Mineira was indeed influenced by Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy, which championed liberty and popular sovereignty, and by the American Revolution as a successful model for colonial independence.
The *quinto* was a voluntary tax paid by miners to the Portuguese Crown.
Answer: False
Explanation: The *quinto* was a mandatory quota of gold for the Portuguese Crown, not a voluntary tax.
What was a key factor that fueled Tiradentes' dissatisfaction with colonial rule, stemming from his military career?
Answer: His systematic denial of promotion due to his non-aristocratic background.
Explanation: Tiradentes' dissatisfaction with colonial rule was significantly fueled by his systematic denial of promotion in the military, which was attributed to his non-aristocratic background.
What was the primary function of the 'Caminho Novo' during the colonial period?
Answer: To facilitate the transport of gold from Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro for shipment to Portugal.
Explanation: The 'Caminho Novo' was a vital road whose primary function was to transport gold from the interior of Brazil (Minas Gerais) to Rio de Janeiro for shipment to Portugal.
Which influential figure returned from England with liberal ideas and connected with Tiradentes in 1788?
Answer: JosĂ© Ălvares Maciel
Explanation: JosĂ© Ălvares Maciel returned from England with liberal ideas and connected with Tiradentes in 1788, forming a group of 'freedom aspirants'.
What economic policy, a heavily confiscatory tribute, further inflamed revolutionary fervor in colonial Brazil?
Answer: The *derrama*
Explanation: The *derrama*, a heavily confiscatory tribute imposed when the mandatory gold quota (*quinto*) was not met, significantly inflamed revolutionary fervor in colonial Brazil.
Which Enlightenment philosopher's ideas championed liberty and popular sovereignty, influencing the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira?
Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Explanation: The InconfidĂȘncia Mineira was significantly influenced by the Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose ideas championed liberty and popular sovereignty.
The ultimate goal of the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira was to negotiate greater autonomy for Brazil within the Portuguese Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: The ultimate objective of the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira movement was to secure complete independence for Brazil from Portuguese colonial rule and establish an autonomous Brazilian republic, not merely to negotiate greater autonomy.
The *inconfidentes* envisioned SĂŁo JoĂŁo del Rei as the capital of their independent Brazilian republic.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *inconfidentes* envisioned SĂŁo JoĂŁo del Rei as the designated capital of their independent Brazilian republic.
The flag proposed by the *inconfidentes* featured a red triangle on a white background, which later became the state flag of Minas Gerais.
Answer: False
Explanation: The flag proposed by the *inconfidentes* featured a green triangle on a white background. This design was later adopted as the state flag of Minas Gerais, but with the triangle's color changed to red.
Tiradentes planned to initiate the revolution on the day the *derrama* was due, anticipating public outrage.
Answer: True
Explanation: Tiradentes strategically planned to launch the revolution by proclaiming a Brazilian Republic in Vila Rica on the day the *derrama* was due, expecting this unpopular tax to maximize public outrage and support.
The *inconfidentes* proposed Vila Rica as the university town for their independent republic.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *inconfidentes* envisioned Vila Rica as being transformed into a university town within their independent Brazilian republic.
The Latin motto 'Libertas Quae Sera Tamen' on the *inconfidentes*' proposed flag means 'Liberty or Death'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Latin motto 'Libertas Quae Sera Tamen' on the *inconfidentes*' proposed flag means 'Freedom, Even If It Be Late,' not 'Liberty or Death'.
What was the primary objective of the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira movement, in which Tiradentes was a pivotal figure?
Answer: To achieve complete independence from Portuguese rule and establish a republican government.
Explanation: The primary objective of the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira movement, with Tiradentes as a pivotal figure, was to achieve complete independence from Portuguese rule and establish a republican government in Brazil.
What city was envisioned as the capital of the independent Brazilian republic by the *inconfidentes*?
Answer: SĂŁo JoĂŁo del Rei
Explanation: The *inconfidentes* envisioned SĂŁo JoĂŁo del Rei as the capital of their independent Brazilian republic.
What was the original color of the triangle on the flag proposed by the *inconfidentes* for their independent republic?
Answer: Green
Explanation: The flag proposed by the *inconfidentes* for their independent republic featured a green triangle on a white background.
What specific event was Tiradentes waiting for to launch the revolution in Vila Rica?
Answer: The day the *derrama* was due.
Explanation: Tiradentes planned to launch the revolution on the day the *derrama* was due, anticipating that this unpopular tax would maximize public outrage and support for the revolt.
What does the Latin motto 'Libertas Quae Sera Tamen' on the *inconfidentes*' proposed flag mean?
Answer: Freedom, Even If It Be Late
Explanation: The Latin motto 'Libertas Quae Sera Tamen' on the *inconfidentes*' proposed flag means 'Freedom, Even If It Be Late'.
What was the role of Vila Rica in the independent Brazilian republic envisioned by the *inconfidentes*?
Answer: It was to be transformed into a university town.
Explanation: The *inconfidentes* envisioned Vila Rica as being transformed into a university town for their independent Brazilian republic.
The InconfidĂȘncia Mineira plot was exposed by a Portuguese official who discovered the conspirators' secret meetings.
Answer: False
Explanation: The InconfidĂȘncia Mineira plot was betrayed by Joaquim SilvĂ©rio dos Reis, one of the conspirators, who sought a waiver for his substantial tax debts.
Upon discovering the conspiracy, the colonial governor immediately increased the *derrama* to suppress the rebellion.
Answer: False
Explanation: Upon discovering the conspiracy, the colonial governor of Minas Gerais immediately cancelled the *derrama*, the controversial tax, and ordered the arrest of the conspirators.
The trial of Tiradentes and the other *inconfidentes* lasted for less than a year.
Answer: False
Explanation: The trial of Tiradentes and the other *inconfidentes* extended for almost three years, not less than a year.
Queen Maria I of Portugal commuted Tiradentes' death sentence to perpetual banishment, similar to other conspirators.
Answer: False
Explanation: Queen Maria I commuted the death sentences of most *inconfidentes* to perpetual banishment, but Tiradentes' sentence was not commuted due to 'aggravated circumstances' and his acceptance of full responsibility.
Tiradentes was executed in Vila Rica, the planned capital of the independent republic.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tiradentes was executed by hanging in Rio de Janeiro, not Vila Rica.
After his execution, Tiradentes' body was quartered and displayed in various locations to serve as a warning.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following his execution, Tiradentes' body was quartered and publicly displayed in various locations throughout Vila Rica to serve as a stark warning to others.
Tiradentes' head, displayed in Ouro Preto after his execution, was eventually recovered and preserved.
Answer: False
Explanation: After being sent to Ouro Preto, Tiradentes' head was later lost, not recovered and preserved.
Who betrayed the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira plot to the Portuguese authorities?
Answer: Joaquim Silvério dos Reis
Explanation: The InconfidĂȘncia Mineira plot was betrayed to the Portuguese authorities by Joaquim SilvĂ©rio dos Reis, one of the conspirators.
What was the motivation for the betrayal of the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira plot?
Answer: To receive a waiver for substantial tax debts.
Explanation: Joaquim SilvĂ©rio dos Reis betrayed the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira plot to receive a waiver for his substantial tax debts.
What was the immediate action taken by the colonial governor of Minas Gerais upon discovering the conspiracy?
Answer: He cancelled the *derrama* and ordered arrests.
Explanation: Upon discovering the conspiracy, the colonial governor of Minas Gerais promptly cancelled the *derrama* and ordered the arrest of all individuals involved in the rebellion.
How long did the trial of Tiradentes and the other *inconfidentes* last?
Answer: Almost three years
Explanation: The trial of Tiradentes and the other *inconfidentes* extended for almost three years.
Why was Tiradentes' death sentence not commuted by Queen Maria I, unlike those of most other conspirators?
Answer: His activities involved 'aggravated circumstances' and he took full responsibility.
Explanation: Tiradentes' death sentence was not commuted because his activities were deemed to involve 'aggravated circumstances,' and he took full responsibility for the entire movement.
Where was Tiradentes executed?
Answer: Rio de Janeiro
Explanation: Tiradentes was executed by hanging in Rio de Janeiro on April 21, 1792.
What happened to Tiradentes' body after his execution?
Answer: It was quartered and publicly displayed in various locations.
Explanation: Following his execution, Tiradentes' body was quartered and publicly displayed in various locations throughout Vila Rica as a warning.
Tiradentes was recognized as a national hero immediately after his execution by the Portuguese Crown.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tiradentes began to be recognized as a national hero by Brazilian republicans in the late 19th century, after the establishment of the First Brazilian Republic in 1889, not immediately after his execution by the Portuguese Crown.
April 21st is a national holiday in Brazil commemorating Tiradentes' birth.
Answer: False
Explanation: April 21st is a national holiday in Brazil commemorating the anniversary of Tiradentes' death, not his birth.
Tiradentes is considered the patron of the Brazilian Military Police.
Answer: True
Explanation: In contemporary Brazil, Tiradentes is recognized as both a national hero and the patron of the Military Police.
Tiradentes' image is featured on a Brazilian 50 centavo coin.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tiradentes' image is featured on a Brazilian 5 centavo coin, not a 50 centavo coin.
The 'Tiradentes' Regiment is an active unit within the Brazilian Army.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 11th Mountain Infantry Battalion, officially known as the 'Tiradentes' Regiment, is an active unit within the Brazilian Army, named after the national hero.
Tiradentes' depiction on Brazilian currency highlights his status as a national hero.
Answer: True
Explanation: Tiradentes' depiction on a Brazilian 5 centavo coin signifies his profound status as a national hero and his enduring recognition within Brazil's national identity.
When did Tiradentes begin to be recognized as a national hero in Brazil?
Answer: In the late 19th century, after the establishment of the First Brazilian Republic.
Explanation: Tiradentes began to be recognized as a national hero by Brazilian republicans in the late 19th century, with his status solidified after the establishment of the First Brazilian Republic in 1889.
What national observance in Brazil commemorates Tiradentes?
Answer: April 21st, the anniversary of his death.
Explanation: April 21st, the anniversary of Tiradentes' death, was designated a national holiday in Brazil after the institution of the Republic in 1889.
Besides being a national hero, what other symbolic role does Tiradentes hold in contemporary Brazil?
Answer: Patron of the Military Police.
Explanation: In contemporary Brazil, Tiradentes is recognized as both a national hero and the patron of the Military Police.
On what denomination of Brazilian coin is Tiradentes' image featured?
Answer: 5 centavo coin
Explanation: Tiradentes' image is featured on a Brazilian 5 centavo coin.
A 1940 painting by José Wasth Rodrigues depicts Tiradentes in a military uniform, despite no contemporary portraits existing.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1940 painting by José Wasth Rodrigues depicts Tiradentes in an *alferes* uniform, which is notable because no contemporary portraits or physical descriptions of him are known to exist.
The Fazenda do Pombal is a well-preserved historical museum dedicated to Tiradentes' early life.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source refers to the 'Ruins of the Fazenda do Pombal,' indicating it is not a well-preserved museum but rather a historical site in ruins, significant as Tiradentes' birthplace.
A statue of Tiradentes in Minas Gerais symbolizes his role as a national hero and patron of the military police.
Answer: True
Explanation: A statue of Tiradentes in Minas Gerais symbolizes his role as the patron of the military police, reflecting his broader status as a national hero.
The 'Sentence pronounced against Tiradentes, 1792' is a document outlining his posthumous pardon.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Sentence pronounced against Tiradentes, 1792' is a document detailing his official legal judgment and condemnation for his central role in the InconfidĂȘncia Mineira, not a posthumous pardon.
What is notable about the 1940 painting of Tiradentes by José Wasth Rodrigues?
Answer: It shows him in an *alferes* uniform, despite no contemporary portraits existing.
Explanation: The 1940 painting by José Wasth Rodrigues depicts Tiradentes in an *alferes* uniform, which is notable because no contemporary portraits or physical descriptions of him are known to exist.
The 'Ruins of the Fazenda do Pombal' are historically significant as what?
Answer: Tiradentes' birthplace.
Explanation: The 'Ruins of the Fazenda do Pombal' are historically significant as Tiradentes' birthplace.