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The genus *Dendrolagus* encompasses more than twenty recognized species.
Answer: False
Explanation: There are approximately 14 recognized species within the genus *Dendrolagus*, not over twenty.
Tree-kangaroos are classified within the family Felidae, which also encompasses feline species.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos belong to the family Macropodidae, which includes kangaroos and wallabies, not Felidae (cats).
The scientific designation for Matschie's tree-kangaroo is *Dendrolagus lumholtzi*.
Answer: False
Explanation: The scientific name for Matschie's tree-kangaroo is *Dendrolagus matschiei*; *Dendrolagus lumholtzi* refers to Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo.
*Dendrolagus spadix* serves as the scientific nomenclature for the Dingiso.
Answer: False
Explanation: The scientific name for the Dingiso is *Dendrolagus mbaiso*; *Dendrolagus spadix* is the scientific name for the Lowlands tree-kangaroo.
To which genus do tree-kangaroos belong?
Answer: Dendrolagus
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos are classified within the genus *Dendrolagus*.
What is the approximate count of recognized species within the tree-kangaroo genus, *Dendrolagus*?
Answer: Approximately 14
Explanation: The genus *Dendrolagus* currently includes approximately 14 recognized species.
To which taxonomic family do tree-kangaroos belong?
Answer: Macropodidae (Kangaroos and Wallabies)
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos are classified within the family Macropodidae, which is the family of kangaroos and wallabies.
What is the scientific name for Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo?
Answer: Dendrolagus lumholtzi
Explanation: The scientific name for Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo is *Dendrolagus lumholtzi*.
The Proserpine rock-wallaby (*Petrogale persephone*), noted for its arboreal tendencies, is scientifically named:
Answer: Petrogale persephone
Explanation: The Proserpine rock-wallaby, which exhibits arboreal tendencies, is scientifically named *Petrogale persephone*.
According to the source, what is the scientific name for the Lowlands tree-kangaroo?
Answer: Dendrolagus spadix
Explanation: The scientific name for the Lowlands tree-kangaroo is *Dendrolagus spadix*.
What is the scientific name for the Dingiso?
Answer: Dendrolagus mbaiso
Explanation: The scientific name for the Dingiso is *Dendrolagus mbaiso*.
What is the scientific name for the Wondiwoi tree-kangaroo?
Answer: Dendrolagus mayri
Explanation: The scientific name for the Wondiwoi tree-kangaroo is *Dendrolagus mayri*.
The scientific classification places tree-kangaroos within the Order Diprotodontia and the Family:
Answer: Macropodidae
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos belong to the Order Diprotodontia and the Family Macropodidae.
What is the scientific name for Bennett's tree-kangaroo?
Answer: Dendrolagus bennetianus
Explanation: The scientific name for Bennett's tree-kangaroo is *Dendrolagus bennetianus*.
Tree-kangaroos are found exclusively within the dense rainforests of Australia.
Answer: False
Explanation: While found in northeastern Australia, tree-kangaroos also inhabit the tropical rainforests of New Guinea and nearby islands, indicating they are not exclusively Australian.
Tree-kangaroos inhabit the tropical rainforests of New Guinea and the Raja Ampat Islands, and are notably absent from Australia.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos are also found in the tropical rainforests of far northeastern Queensland, Australia, in addition to New Guinea and the Raja Ampat Islands.
All species of tree-kangaroos exclusively reside in high-altitude mountainous terrains.
Answer: False
Explanation: While many species prefer mountainous regions, some, such as the Lowlands tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus spadix*), inhabit lowland rainforests.
Bennett's tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus bennetianus*) is identified as one of the two tree-kangaroo species indigenous to Australia.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bennett's tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus bennetianus*) is indeed one of the two tree-kangaroo species native to Australia, alongside Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo.
What are the principal geographical regions inhabited by tree-kangaroos?
Answer: Tropical rainforests of New Guinea and northeastern Australia
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos are primarily found in the tropical rainforests of New Guinea and northeastern Australia.
Which two tree-kangaroo species are specifically identified as being indigenous to Australia?
Answer: Lumholtz's and Bennett's
Explanation: Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus lumholtzi*) and Bennett's tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus bennetianus*) are the two species native to Australia.
Tree-kangaroos exhibit physical adaptations that render them less suited for arboreal life when compared to terrestrial kangaroos.
Answer: False
Explanation: Conversely, tree-kangaroos possess specialized adaptations, such as curved nails and padded paws, that make them highly suited for arboreal life, distinguishing them from their terrestrial relatives.
Tree-kangaroos possess shorter hind feet and smooth paws, which facilitates their arboreal locomotion.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos have longer hind feet with curved nails and sponge-like textured paws, adaptations that enhance their grip for climbing, contrary to having shorter, smooth feet.
How do tree-kangaroos primarily diverge from terrestrial kangaroos in their lifestyle?
Answer: They are adapted for arboreal locomotion (living in trees), unlike their ground-dwelling relatives.
Explanation: The fundamental divergence lies in their lifestyle: tree-kangaroos are adapted for arboreal locomotion, whereas terrestrial kangaroos are ground-dwelling.
What specific adaptation aids tree-kangaroos in gripping arboreal surfaces during climbing?
Answer: Slightly curved nails and sponge-like texture on paws
Explanation: Slightly curved nails and a sponge-like texture on their paws and soles enhance grip on tree surfaces.
How do tree-kangaroos typically ascend trees?
Answer: By using their forelimbs to grip and their hind legs to hop upwards.
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos ascend trees by wrapping their forelimbs around the trunk and using their hind legs to hop upwards.
What adaptation contributes significantly to a tree-kangaroo's balance while navigating arboreal environments?
Answer: A longer, more pendulous tail
Explanation: The long, pendulous tail of tree-kangaroos serves as a crucial adaptation for maintaining balance during arboreal movement.
What physical characteristic aids tree-kangaroos in gripping tree trunks?
Answer: Slightly curved nails and sponge-like texture
Explanation: Slightly curved nails and a sponge-like texture on their paws provide the necessary grip for climbing tree trunks.
What is the primary function of a tree-kangaroo's long, pendulous tail?
Answer: To aid in balance while climbing and moving in trees
Explanation: The long, pendulous tail is crucial for maintaining balance during arboreal locomotion.
Tree-kangaroos employ sweating as their principal mechanism for thermoregulation in elevated ambient temperatures.
Answer: False
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos do not primarily use sweating for cooling; instead, they lick their forearms, utilizing evaporative cooling.
Tree-kangaroos demonstrate agility in arboreal environments but exhibit slow and awkward locomotion on terrestrial surfaces.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement accurately describes tree-kangaroo locomotion: agile climbers in trees, yet slow and clumsy on the ground.
The dietary intake of tree-kangaroos is exclusively composed of leaves.
Answer: False
Explanation: While leaves are a primary component, tree-kangaroos also consume fruits, grains, flowers, nuts, sap, and tree bark.
Tree-kangaroos adhere strictly to herbivory, never ingesting animal matter.
Answer: False
Explanation: Although primarily herbivorous, some captive tree-kangaroos have been observed to consume animal matter such as eggs, birds, and snakes.
Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus lumholtzi*) can attain a combined body and head length of up to 65 centimeters.
Answer: True
Explanation: The body and head length of Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo typically ranges from 48 to 65 centimeters.
Tree-kangaroos possess the capability to execute downward leaps of up to 9 meters between arboreal supports.
Answer: True
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos are known for their impressive arboreal agility, including downward jumps of up to 9 meters between trees.
How do tree-kangaroos regulate their body temperature in the absence of sweating?
Answer: By licking their forearms to allow for evaporative cooling
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos utilize licking their forearms as a method of evaporative cooling to regulate body temperature.
What characteristic defines a tree-kangaroo's locomotion when on the ground?
Answer: Slow and clumsy, with an awkward hop
Explanation: On the ground, tree-kangaroos move slowly and awkwardly, employing an ungainly hopping gait.
What dietary behavior is suggested for some captive tree-kangaroos within the source material?
Answer: They may exhibit omnivorous behavior, consuming eggs, birds, and snakes.
Explanation: Some captive tree-kangaroos have demonstrated omnivorous tendencies, consuming items such as eggs, birds, and snakes.
What is the typical weight range for male Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos?
Answer: Between 7.2 kg (16 lb) and 10 kg (22 lb)
Explanation: Male Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos typically weigh between 7.2 kg (16 lb) and 10 kg (22 lb).
What is the maximum recorded distance a tree-kangaroo can descend via a jump between trees?
Answer: Up to 9 meters (30 feet)
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos are capable of executing downward jumps of up to 9 meters (30 feet) between trees.
What specific behavior do tree-kangaroos exhibit for thermoregulation?
Answer: Licking forearms
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos engage in licking their forearms as a behavioral adaptation for thermoregulation.
From what heights can tree-kangaroos reportedly descend to the ground via a jump without sustaining injury?
Answer: Up to 18 meters (59 feet)
Explanation: Tree-kangaroos can reportedly jump to the ground from heights of up to 18 meters (59 feet) without injury.
Which of the following is not typically considered a component of a tree-kangaroo's diet?
Answer: Insects
Explanation: While tree-kangaroos consume leaves, fruits, flowers, and other plant matter, insects are not typically listed as a dietary component.
The reproductive behaviors of tree-kangaroos in their natural habitats are extensively documented through comprehensive research.
Answer: False
Explanation: Information on wild tree-kangaroo reproduction is scarce; most data originates from observations of captive individuals.
Male tree-kangaroos attain sexual maturity at a considerably later age compared to their female counterparts.
Answer: True
Explanation: Females typically reach sexual maturity around age 2, while males mature later, often around 4.6 years of age.
A juvenile tree-kangaroo undergoes less than six months of development within its maternal pouch.
Answer: False
Explanation: The developmental period within the pouch is typically between 246 to 275 days, which is significantly longer than six months.
What is the typical age range for achieving sexual maturity in female tree-kangaroos?
Answer: 2 to 3 years
Explanation: Female tree-kangaroos typically reach sexual maturity between the ages of 2 and 3 years.
What is the typical duration a young tree-kangaroo spends developing within its mother's pouch?
Answer: 246 to 275 days
Explanation: A young tree-kangaroo typically develops inside the mother's pouch for approximately 246 to 275 days.
What does the source indicate regarding the size of a newborn Matschie's tree-kangaroo joey at birth?
Answer: The size of a human thumbnail
Explanation: A newborn Matschie's tree-kangaroo joey is described as being approximately the size of a human thumbnail at birth.
It is posited that the evolutionary lineage of tree-kangaroos originated from ancestors already possessing adaptations for arboreal existence.
Answer: False
Explanation: Current hypotheses suggest that tree-kangaroos evolved from ground-dwelling ancestors, possibly similar to pademelons, who subsequently adapted to an arboreal lifestyle.
Periods characterized by climatic drying and cooling are understood to have precipitated rainforest contraction, thereby influencing the evolutionary trajectory of tree-kangaroos.
Answer: True
Explanation: Environmental pressures from climate change, specifically drying and cooling trends, led to rainforest contraction, which is believed to have played a role in the evolution of tree-kangaroos.
The extinct genus *Bohra* is classified as a modern relative of tree-kangaroos, rather than a potential ancestral form.
Answer: False
Explanation: The extinct genus *Bohra* is considered a potential ancestor of modern tree-kangaroos, not merely a modern relative.
The extinct species *Dendrolagus noibano* was characterized by a smaller body size compared to the majority of extant tree-kangaroo species.
Answer: False
Explanation: The extinct species *Dendrolagus noibano* is noted for being larger than most currently living tree-kangaroo species.
Which environmental factor is posited to have influenced the evolutionary divergence of tree-kangaroos from ground-dwelling progenitors?
Answer: Periods of drying and cooling causing rainforest contraction
Explanation: Periods of climatic drying and cooling are suggested to have caused rainforest contraction, influencing the evolutionary path towards arboreal adaptations.
Which extinct genus is hypothesized to be a potential progenitor of modern tree-kangaroos?
Answer: Bohra
Explanation: The extinct genus *Bohra* is considered a potential ancestral form that may have given rise to modern tree-kangaroos.
What characteristic is notable about the extinct species *Dendrolagus noibano*?
Answer: It was larger than currently living tree-kangaroo species.
Explanation: The extinct species *Dendrolagus noibano* was notably larger than most extant tree-kangaroo species.
What does the source propose regarding the evolutionary pathway of tree-kangaroos?
Answer: They evolved from ground-dwelling ancestors, possibly similar to pademelons, who adapted to an arboreal lifestyle.
Explanation: The prevailing hypothesis suggests tree-kangaroos evolved from ground-dwelling ancestors that adapted to an arboreal lifestyle.
All species of tree-kangaroos are currently classified as threatened, primarily owing to human-induced hunting and extensive habitat loss.
Answer: True
Explanation: The conservation status of all tree-kangaroo species is indeed threatened, with hunting and habitat destruction being the principal contributing factors.
Logging and agricultural expansion are considered minor contributors to the decline of tree-kangaroo populations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Logging and agricultural expansion are major drivers of habitat loss and are considered significant threats to tree-kangaroo populations, not minor ones.
Vehicle collisions and canine predation are identified as significant mortality factors for certain tree-kangaroo species.
Answer: True
Explanation: Studies indicate that vehicle collisions and attacks by domestic dogs are indeed significant causes of death for some tree-kangaroo populations.
What is the primary factor cited for the threatened conservation status of all tree-kangaroo species?
Answer: Hunting by humans and widespread habitat destruction
Explanation: The primary reasons for the threatened status of all tree-kangaroo species are hunting by humans and extensive habitat destruction.
In addition to habitat loss from logging and agriculture, what is another significant threat impacting tree-kangaroos?
Answer: Hunting by local communities
Explanation: Hunting by local communities represents a significant threat to tree-kangaroos, alongside habitat loss.
Which of the following is not identified as a primary threat to tree-kangaroos within the provided information?
Answer: Climate change leading to extreme temperatures
Explanation: While habitat loss and hunting are primary threats, climate change leading to extreme temperatures is not listed as a primary threat in the provided source material.
Which of the following is cited as a potential cause of mortality for Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo in relevant studies?
Answer: Vehicle collisions
Explanation: Studies have identified vehicle collisions as a potential cause of death for Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo.
Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus lumholtzi*) and Doria's tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus dorianus*) are cited as examples of recognized species within the genus.
Answer: True
Explanation: Both Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus lumholtzi*) and Doria's tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus dorianus*) are indeed recognized species within the *Dendrolagus* genus.
The Wondiwoi tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus mayri*) was declared extinct in 2018 and has not been observed subsequently.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wondiwoi tree-kangaroo was not declared extinct in 2018; rather, it was rediscovered and is considered one of the 'most wanted lost' species.
Captive breeding programs for tree-kangaroos are managed by individual zoological institutions, lacking any form of international collaborative effort.
Answer: False
Explanation: Organizations like the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) coordinate international breeding programs for captive tree-kangaroos to ensure genetic diversity and viable populations.
In 2014, Adelaide Zoo documented an orphaned tree-kangaroo joey being nurtured by a surrogate canine mother.
Answer: False
Explanation: The surrogate mother at Adelaide Zoo in 2014 was a yellow-footed rock-wallaby, not a canine.
The Bronx Zoo reported the birth of a Matschie's tree-kangaroo joey in 2022, representing the first such event at the institution since 2008.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Bronx Zoo announced the birth of a Matschie's tree-kangaroo joey in April 2022, which was the first birth of its species there since 2008.
Which of the following is not identified as a recognized species of tree-kangaroo within the provided source material?
Answer: Kangaroo Island kangaroo
Explanation: The Kangaroo Island kangaroo is not a recognized species of tree-kangaroo; the others listed are.
What distinctive conservation status is attributed to the Wondiwoi tree-kangaroo?
Answer: It was thought extinct but rediscovered and is one of the 'most wanted lost' species.
Explanation: The Wondiwoi tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus mayri*) was rediscovered after being presumed extinct and is recognized as one of the 'most wanted lost' species.
Which international organization is involved in coordinating breeding programs for captive tree-kangaroos?
Answer: The World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA)
Explanation: The World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) plays a role in coordinating international breeding programs for captive tree-kangaroos.
What notable event involving a surrogate mother was reported at Adelaide Zoo in 2014?
Answer: A tree-kangaroo joey was raised by a surrogate yellow-footed rock-wallaby mother after its own mother died.
Explanation: In 2014, Adelaide Zoo reported an orphaned tree-kangaroo joey being successfully raised by a surrogate yellow-footed rock-wallaby mother.
What is the principal objective of the coordinated breeding programs for tree-kangaroos managed by WAZA?
Answer: To maintain genetic diversity and viable populations outside of the wild.
Explanation: The primary goal of WAZA-coordinated breeding programs is to preserve genetic diversity and ensure viable populations in captivity.
Which tree-kangaroo species is noted for its rediscovery in 2018 after being presumed extinct?
Answer: The Wondiwoi tree-kangaroo
Explanation: The Wondiwoi tree-kangaroo (*Dendrolagus mayri*) was rediscovered in 2018, having previously been presumed extinct.