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Study Guide: Trondheim, Norway: A Comprehensive Study

Cheat Sheet:
Trondheim, Norway: A Comprehensive Study Study Guide

Geography, Demographics, and Environment

Trondheim is geographically located on the north shore of Trondheim Fjord.

Answer: False

Explanation: Trondheim is situated on the south shore of Trondheim Fjord, at the mouth of the River Nidelva.

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As of 2025, Trondheim's population exceeded 250,000 residents.

Answer: False

Explanation: As of 2025, Trondheim's population was approximately 216,518 residents, which is less than 250,000.

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Trondheim ranks as the second most populous municipality in Norway.

Answer: False

Explanation: Trondheim is the third most populous municipality in Norway, not the second.

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Trondheim's climate is characterized by consistently freezing winters due to its northerly latitude.

Answer: False

Explanation: Despite its northerly latitude, Trondheim experiences a mild climate, with coastal areas often staying above freezing during winter.

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At the winter solstice, Trondheim experiences continuous daylight for several hours.

Answer: False

Explanation: At the winter solstice, Trondheim experiences very short daylight hours, with the sun rising late and setting early, remaining low above the horizon.

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Otters and beavers are commonly found thriving in the Nidelva river and Bymarka area of Trondheim.

Answer: True

Explanation: Despite being a major city, Trondheim's natural areas like the Nidelva river and Bymarka are known habitats for thriving populations of otters and beavers.

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What is Trondheim's geographical location relative to Trondheim Fjord and the River Nidelva?

Answer: On the south shore of Trondheim Fjord, at the mouth of the River Nidelva.

Explanation: Trondheim is strategically located on the south shore of Trondheim Fjord, precisely at the mouth of the River Nidelva, which historically provided a sheltered harbor.

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As of 2025, what was the approximate population of Trondheim?

Answer: 216,518 residents

Explanation: According to data from 2025, Trondheim's population was recorded as 216,518 residents.

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Which statement best describes Trondheim's winter climate in coastal areas?

Answer: Winters often stay above freezing, despite the northerly latitude.

Explanation: Despite its northerly location, Trondheim's coastal areas typically experience mild winters with temperatures frequently remaining above freezing.

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During the summer solstice in Trondheim, between which dates is artificial lighting generally not needed outdoors if cloud-free?

Answer: May 23 to July 19

Explanation: During the summer solstice period, specifically from May 23 to July 19, Trondheim experiences sufficient natural light that artificial outdoor lighting is generally not required, provided the skies are clear.

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Which of the following wild animals are commonly seen thriving in the Nidelva river and Bymarka area of Trondheim?

Answer: Otters and beavers

Explanation: Otters and beavers are frequently observed thriving in the Nidelva river and the Bymarka area, demonstrating the city's rich urban wildlife.

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Historical Development and Governance

Trondheim served as the capital of Norway from its founding in 997 until the 16th century.

Answer: False

Explanation: Trondheim served as the capital of Norway from its founding in 997 CE until 1217, not until the 16th century.

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From 1152 to 1537, Trondheim was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros.

Answer: True

Explanation: Historical records confirm that Trondheim was indeed the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros during the period from 1152 to 1537.

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The current municipality of Trondheim was formed in 1964 through a merger with five other municipalities.

Answer: False

Explanation: The current municipality of Trondheim was formed in 1964 through a merger with four other municipalities (Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda, and Tiller), not five. It later merged with Klæbu in 2020.

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Trondheim functions as the administrative center of Trøndelag county.

Answer: False

Explanation: While Trondheim is the seat of the County Mayor, Steinkjer serves as the administrative center of Trøndelag county.

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Trondheim's original name, Nidaros, meant 'the home of the Trønder people.'

Answer: False

Explanation: Trondheim's original name, Nidaros, meant 'the outlet of the river Nid.' The name 'Trondheim' itself meant 'the home of the Trønder people.'

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During the early 20th century, a public referendum in Trondheim overwhelmingly supported changing the city's name to Nidaros.

Answer: False

Explanation: In a 1928 public referendum, Trondheim residents largely favored retaining the name 'Trondhjem,' opposing the change to Nidaros.

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Trondheim was briefly named *Drontheim* as a German exonym during the Second World War.

Answer: True

Explanation: During the Nazi occupation in WWII, Trondheim was indeed briefly referred to as *Drontheim* by the German forces.

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King Harald Fairhair was hailed at Øretinget in Trondheim in ancient times.

Answer: True

Explanation: Historical accounts confirm that King Harald Fairhair, among other Norwegian kings, was hailed at Øretinget in Trondheim.

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The 1651 fire destroyed approximately 50% of Trondheim's wooden buildings.

Answer: False

Explanation: The 1651 fire was far more devastating, destroying approximately 90% of Trondheim's wooden buildings.

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After the 'Horneman Fire' in 1681, General Johan Caspar von Cicignon rebuilt Trondheim with narrow, winding streets to preserve its medieval character.

Answer: False

Explanation: Following the 'Horneman Fire' in 1681, General Johan Caspar von Cicignon rebuilt Trondheim with broad avenues, a stark contrast to its previous medieval layout, to prevent future widespread fire damage.

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During WWII, the Germans completed the construction of a new city called *Nordstern* near Trondheim.

Answer: False

Explanation: While the Germans began construction of a new city called *Nordstern* near Trondheim during WWII, the project was far from complete by the war's end.

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Trondheim's coat of arms features an archbishop and a king, symbolizing the 13th-century political philosophy of balancing power between the king and the church.

Answer: True

Explanation: The coat of arms of Trondheim indeed depicts an archbishop and a king, with the scales symbolizing the historical balance of power between these two authorities in the 13th century.

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Trondheim Municipality is responsible for all levels of education, from primary school to university.

Answer: False

Explanation: Trondheim Municipality is responsible for primary education up to 10th grade, but not for university-level education, which falls under national or institutional governance.

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The mayor of Trondheim is directly elected by popular vote.

Answer: False

Explanation: The mayor of Trondheim is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council, not by direct popular vote.

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Trondheim's municipal council, the Bystyret, consists of 85 representatives.

Answer: False

Explanation: Trondheim's municipal council, the Bystyret, consists of 67 representatives, a number reduced from 85 in 2011.

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When was Trondheim founded and by whom?

Answer: 997 CE by King Olav Tryggvason

Explanation: Trondheim was founded in 997 CE by Viking King Olav Tryggvason, initially as a trading post.

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For how long did Trondheim serve as the capital of Norway?

Answer: From 997 until 1217

Explanation: Trondheim held the status of Norway's capital from its founding in 997 CE until 1217.

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What was Trondheim's ecclesiastical status from 1152 to 1537?

Answer: It was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros.

Explanation: From 1152 to 1537, Trondheim was the ecclesiastical center as the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros.

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When was the current municipality of Trondheim formed through a major merger?

Answer: January 1, 1964

Explanation: The current municipality of Trondheim was established on January 1, 1964, through a significant merger with several surrounding municipalities.

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What is Trondheim's role within the Trøndelag county government?

Answer: It functions as the seat of the County Mayor, but Steinkjer is the administrative center.

Explanation: Trondheim serves as the seat for the County Mayor of Trøndelag, but the administrative functions of the county government are centralized in Steinkjer.

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What was Trondheim's original name and its meaning?

Answer: Nidaros, meaning 'the outlet of the river Nid'

Explanation: Trondheim's original name was Nidaros, an Old Norse term signifying 'the outlet of the river Nid,' referring to its location at the mouth of the Nidelva.

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What was the outcome of the 1928 public referendum regarding Trondheim's name change?

Answer: Residents largely favored retaining the name 'Trondhjem.'

Explanation: The 1928 public referendum revealed that Trondheim's residents predominantly preferred to keep the name 'Trondhjem,' despite governmental efforts to change it to Nidaros.

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What evidence suggests long-term human habitation in the Trondheim area?

Answer: Rock carvings and the presence of Nøstvet, Lihult, and Corded Ware cultures.

Explanation: Archaeological findings, including rock carvings and evidence of ancient cultures like Nøstvet, Lihult, and Corded Ware, indicate human habitation in the Trondheim area spanning thousands of years.

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What significant event related to Norwegian kings took place at Øretinget in Trondheim?

Answer: The hailing of Norwegian kings, including Harald Fairhair and Haakon I.

Explanation: Øretinget in Trondheim was an ancient assembly place where Norwegian kings, such as Harald Fairhair and Haakon I, were hailed by free men.

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What was the primary consequence of the 'Horneman Fire' in Trondheim in 1681?

Answer: General Johan Caspar von Cicignon oversaw a total reconstruction with broad avenues.

Explanation: The 'Horneman Fire' of 1681 led to a comprehensive reconstruction of Trondheim under General Johan Caspar von Cicignon, who implemented a new city plan with broad avenues to prevent future fire disasters.

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What major construction project did the Germans contemplate in Trondheim during WWII?

Answer: A new city called *Nordstern* and an expanded naval base.

Explanation: During WWII, the Germans planned to construct a new city named *Nordstern* for 300,000 inhabitants near Trondheim, along with a significantly expanded naval base.

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What do the scales in Trondheim's coat of arms symbolize?

Answer: The balance of power between the king and the church.

Explanation: The scales depicted in Trondheim's coat of arms symbolize justice and the 13th-century political philosophy of balancing power between the monarch and the church.

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During the Nazi occupation, what was Vollan District Jail primarily used for?

Answer: A transit camp for political prisoners and criminals.

Explanation: During the Nazi occupation, Vollan District Jail functioned as a transit camp for both political prisoners and criminals, many of whom faced further interrogation and execution.

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Which of the following is NOT a primary responsibility of Trondheim Municipality?

Answer: National defense and foreign policy.

Explanation: National defense and foreign policy are responsibilities of the national government, not the Trondheim Municipality, which focuses on local services like education, health, and urban planning.

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How is the mayor of Trondheim elected?

Answer: By a vote of the municipal council.

Explanation: The mayor of Trondheim is elected indirectly through a vote by the municipal council, rather than by direct popular election.

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How many representatives are in Trondheim's municipal council (Bystyret)?

Answer: 67

Explanation: Trondheim's municipal council, the Bystyret, comprises 67 representatives, a number adjusted from 85 in 2011.

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Education, Science, and Research

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is among the major technology-oriented institutions headquartered in Trondheim.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is indeed a significant technology-oriented institution with its headquarters in Trondheim.

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SINTEF, a large independent research organization, has all of its 1,800 employees located in Trondheim.

Answer: False

Explanation: While SINTEF is a major research organization with a significant presence in Trondheim, only 1,300 of its 1,800 employees are located there.

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Trondheim katedralskole is the oldest university in Norway.

Answer: False

Explanation: Trondheim katedralskole is the oldest *upper secondary school* in Norway, not the oldest university.

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Which of the following is NOT listed as a major technology-oriented institution headquartered in Trondheim?

Answer: The Norwegian Business School (BI-Trondheim)

Explanation: While BI-Trondheim is a university campus in the city, it is a business school and not explicitly listed among the major *technology-oriented* institutions headquartered in Trondheim, unlike NTNU, SINTEF, and NGU.

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Which is the oldest upper secondary school in Norway, located in Trondheim?

Answer: Trondheim katedralskole

Explanation: Trondheim katedralskole, founded in 1152, holds the distinction of being the oldest upper secondary school in Norway.

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Culture, Arts, and Media

Adresseavisen is the newest regional newspaper in Trondheim.

Answer: False

Explanation: Adresseavisen is actually the oldest active newspaper in Norway, established in 1767, making it far from the newest.

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The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) has its sole headquarters in Trondheim.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) has two headquarters, one at Tyholt in Trondheim and another in Oslo.

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The Trondheim Art Museum holds Norway's largest public art collection.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Trondheim Art Museum holds Norway's third-largest public art collection, not the largest.

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The National Museum of Decorative Arts and Design in Trondheim features Norway's only permanent exhibition of Japanese arts and crafts.

Answer: True

Explanation: The National Museum of Decorative Arts and Design in Trondheim is unique for housing Norway's only permanent exhibition dedicated to Japanese arts and crafts.

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Trøndelag Teater is the oldest theatre still in use in Scandinavia.

Answer: True

Explanation: Trøndelag Teater holds the distinction of being the oldest theatre in Scandinavia that is still actively in use.

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Trondheim is known for its strong communities in rock, jazz, and classical music.

Answer: True

Explanation: Trondheim is widely recognized for its vibrant and robust communities in rock, jazz, and classical music, supported by institutions like the NTNU music conservatory.

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What is the purpose of Rockheim, The National Discovery Center for Pop and Rock?

Answer: To collect, preserve, and share Norwegian popular music from the 1950s to the present day.

Explanation: Rockheim's mission is to document and celebrate Norwegian popular music history, collecting, preserving, and sharing it from the 1950s to the present.

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What is notable about Adresseavisen, the largest regional newspaper in Trondheim?

Answer: It is the oldest active newspaper in Norway.

Explanation: Adresseavisen, Trondheim's largest regional newspaper, is notable for being the oldest active newspaper in Norway, established in 1767.

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Where are the two headquarters of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) located?

Answer: Tyholt in Trondheim and Oslo

Explanation: The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) maintains two headquarters, one at Tyholt in Trondheim and the other in Oslo.

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What is the primary focus of the Trondheim Art Museum's collection?

Answer: Norwegian art from the last 150 years.

Explanation: The Trondheim Art Museum's collection primarily focuses on Norwegian art created over the past 150 years, making it Norway's third-largest public art collection.

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What is unique about Trøndelag Teater?

Answer: It is the oldest theatre still in use in Scandinavia.

Explanation: Trøndelag Teater holds the unique distinction of being the oldest theatre in Scandinavia that remains in active use since its construction in 1816.

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Which of the following is a key characteristic of Trondheim's music scene?

Answer: It has strong communities dedicated to rock, jazz, and classical music.

Explanation: Trondheim is characterized by a vibrant music scene, fostered by strong communities and institutions dedicated to rock, jazz, and classical music.

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Which of the following is NOT listed as a twin town/sister city of Trondheim?

Answer: London (UK)

Explanation: While Trondheim has numerous international twin towns and sister cities, London (UK) is not among those listed.

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Key Landmarks and Attractions

Solsiden is a historic area in Trondheim that has been preserved as an industrial museum.

Answer: False

Explanation: Solsiden, while historically an industrial area, has been redeveloped into a popular residential and shopping district, not preserved as an industrial museum.

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DORA 1, a German submarine base from WWII, is now primarily used as a concert venue.

Answer: False

Explanation: DORA 1 is primarily used as a storage facility for various archives, though it has also been utilized as a concert venue.

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Kristiansten Fortress successfully repelled Swedish invaders in 1718.

Answer: True

Explanation: Kristiansten Fortress is historically significant for its successful defense against Swedish invaders in 1718.

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The statue of Olav Tryggvason in Trondheim's central square has a base that functions as a sundial.

Answer: True

Explanation: The base of the Olav Tryggvason statue in Trondheim's central square uniquely functions as a sundial, albeit calibrated to UTC+1.

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Munkholmen, an islet in Trondheim Fjord, has historically served as a place of execution, a monastery, and a prison.

Answer: True

Explanation: Munkholmen has a rich and varied history, having served as a place of execution, a monastery, a fortress, and a prison, among other roles.

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Stiftsgården, the royal residence in Trondheim, is the largest stone building in Northern Europe.

Answer: False

Explanation: Stiftsgården is notable for being possibly the largest *wooden* building in Northern Europe, not a stone building.

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Nidaros Cathedral is the world's southernmost medieval cathedral.

Answer: False

Explanation: Nidaros Cathedral holds the distinction of being the world's northernmost medieval cathedral, not the southernmost.

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The Pilgrim's Route to Nidaros Cathedral starts in Bergen and follows the coastline.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Pilgrim's Route (St. Olav's Way) to Nidaros Cathedral begins in Oslo and proceeds north through inland valleys and mountains, not from Bergen along the coastline.

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What is Solsiden today?

Answer: A popular residential and shopping area with condominiums.

Explanation: Solsiden, once an industrial drydock, has been transformed into a vibrant residential and shopping district, popular especially among young people.

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What is the primary current use of DORA 1, the German submarine base from WWII?

Answer: A storage facility for various archives and a concert venue.

Explanation: DORA 1, a former German submarine base, now primarily serves as a storage facility for city, university, and state archives, and also hosts concerts.

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What was the fate of Kristiansten Fortress after successfully repelling Swedish invaders in 1718?

Answer: It was decommissioned in 1816 by Crown Prince Regent Charles John.

Explanation: After its successful defense in 1718, Kristiansten Fortress was eventually decommissioned in 1816 by Crown Prince Regent Charles John.

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What is unique about the base of the Olav Tryggvason statue in Trondheim's central square?

Answer: It functions as a sundial, though calibrated to UTC+1.

Explanation: The base of the Olav Tryggvason statue in Trondheim's central square is uniquely designed to function as a sundial, albeit with a UTC+1 calibration.

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Which historical roles has Munkholmen, an islet in Trondheim Fjord, NOT served?

Answer: A royal summer palace

Explanation: Munkholmen has a diverse history, serving as a place of execution, a monastery, a fortress, and a prison, but not as a royal summer palace.

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What is Stiftsgården notable for in terms of its architecture?

Answer: It is possibly the largest wooden building in Northern Europe.

Explanation: Stiftsgården, the royal residence in Trondheim, is architecturally significant as it is considered possibly the largest wooden building in Northern Europe.

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What is the significance of Nidaros Cathedral in a global context?

Answer: It is the world's northernmost medieval cathedral.

Explanation: Nidaros Cathedral holds global significance as the world's northernmost medieval cathedral and was a major pilgrimage site in the Middle Ages.

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Where does the Pilgrim's Route (St. Olav's Way) associated with Nidaros Cathedral begin?

Answer: Oslo

Explanation: The Pilgrim's Route, also known as St. Olav's Way, commences in Oslo and leads pilgrims north to Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.

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What is Sverresborg today?

Answer: An open-air museum featuring over 60 buildings.

Explanation: Sverresborg, originally a fortification, now operates as an open-air museum showcasing over 60 historical buildings.

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Infrastructure, Economy, and Sports

Granåsen Ski Centre in Trondheim is known for regularly hosting World Cup competitions in Nordic skiing.

Answer: True

Explanation: Granåsen Ski Centre is indeed a prominent venue in Trondheim, regularly hosting World Cup competitions in various Nordic skiing disciplines.

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Trondheim possesses the world's only bicycle lift, known as Trampe.

Answer: True

Explanation: Trondheim is home to Trampe, which is recognized as the world's only bicycle lift.

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The Gråkallen Line is the southernmost tramway line in the world.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Gråkallen Line holds the distinction of being the northernmost tramway line in the world, not the southernmost.

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Norway's longest road, the European route E6, passes through Trondheim.

Answer: True

Explanation: The European route E6, which is Norway's longest road, indeed passes through Trondheim.

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Lilleby smelteverk, a smelting plant in Trondheim, is still in operation today.

Answer: False

Explanation: Lilleby smelteverk, a historical smelting plant in Trondheim, ceased operations in 2002 and is no longer active.

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Which football club, considered Norway's most successful, plays at Lerkendal Stadion in Trondheim?

Answer: Rosenborg BK

Explanation: Rosenborg BK, widely regarded as Norway's most successful football club, plays its home matches at Lerkendal Stadion in Trondheim.

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What is the name of the world's only bicycle lift located in Trondheim?

Answer: Trampe

Explanation: Trondheim is home to the unique bicycle lift known as Trampe, which is recognized as the only one of its kind globally.

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Which European route passes through Trondheim and is Norway's longest road?

Answer: European route E6

Explanation: The European route E6, which is Norway's longest road, is a major thoroughfare that passes directly through Trondheim.

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What is unique about the Gråkallen Line?

Answer: It is the northernmost tramway line in the world.

Explanation: The Gråkallen Line holds the unique distinction of being the northernmost tramway line in the world, operating an 8.8-kilometer route.

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Prominent Individuals

Lisbet Nypan, an alleged witch, is listed as a notable figure from Trondheim in public service and public thinking.

Answer: True

Explanation: Lisbet Nypan, known as an alleged witch, is indeed listed among the notable figures from Trondheim in the category of public service and public thinking.

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Who among the following is a notable figure from Trondheim in the arts, known as an actress and director?

Answer: Liv Ullmann

Explanation: Liv Ullmann, a renowned actress and director, is listed as a notable figure from Trondheim in the arts.

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Which notable figure from Trondheim is recognized as a pioneer educator?

Answer: Hilchen Sommerschild

Explanation: Hilchen Sommerschild is recognized as a pioneer educator among the notable figures from Trondheim in science, education, and mathematics.

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