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The Tughlaq dynasty was the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate, commencing its reign in 1320.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tughlaq dynasty was the third dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate, following the Khalji dynasty, and its reign began in 1320.
Ghazi Malik, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty, was definitively of pure Turkic origin according to contemporary sources.
Answer: False
Explanation: The ancestry of Ghazi Malik, the founder, is debated among historians; while generally considered of Turko-Mongol or Turkic origin, definitive proof of 'pure Turkic origin' from contemporary sources is lacking, and claims of royal lineage are often dismissed as flattery.
Upon assuming the throne, Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq implemented policies that increased taxes for Muslims and decreased them for Hindus.
Answer: False
Explanation: Upon assuming the throne, Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq adjusted tax rates, lowering them for Muslims and increasing them for Hindus, with the stated aim of preventing the latter from becoming rebellious due to wealth.
Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq ordered the construction of a new city named Firozabad near Delhi.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq ordered the construction of a new city six kilometers east of Delhi, naming it Tughlakabad, not Firozabad.
Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq dispatched his son, Jauna Khan, to campaign against the Hindu kingdoms of Arangal and Tilang.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1321, Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq dispatched his son, Jauna Khan, to campaign against the Hindu kingdoms of Arangal and Tilang, which resulted in their capture.
Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq died in 1325 when a wooden structure built by his son Jauna Khan collapsed on him.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq died in 1325 when a wooden structure, possibly orchestrated by his son Jauna Khan, collapsed on him while he was entering it.
Which dynasty preceded the Tughlaq dynasty in ruling the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer: The Khalji dynasty
Explanation: The Tughlaq dynasty rose to power after the fall of the Khalji dynasty, succeeding it as the rulers of the Delhi Sultanate.
How did Ghazi Malik (Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq) come to power?
Answer: He overthrew the usurper Khusro Khan, who had seized power after Alauddin Khalji's death.
Explanation: Ghazi Malik came to power by defeating and killing Khusro Khan, a usurper who had seized the throne following the instability after Alauddin Khalji's death, thereby establishing the Tughlaq dynasty.
What was one of Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq's initial policies regarding taxation?
Answer: He adjusted tax rates, lowering them for Muslims and increasing them for Hindus.
Explanation: Upon assuming the throne, Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq adjusted tax rates, lowering them for Muslims while increasing them for Hindus, with the stated aim of preventing the latter from becoming rebellious due to wealth.
What was the name of the new city founded by Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq?
Answer: Tughlakabad
Explanation: Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq ordered the construction of a new city six kilometers east of Delhi, featuring a fort designed for better defense, and named this city Tughlakabad.
Which military campaign was led by Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq's son, Jauna Khan (later Muhammad bin Tughluq)?
Answer: Campaign against the Hindu kingdoms of Arangal and Tilang
Explanation: In 1321, Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq dispatched his son, Jauna Khan, to Deogir to campaign against the Hindu kingdoms of Arangal and Tilang, which he successfully conquered.
What event led to the death of Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq in 1325?
Answer: The collapse of a wooden structure (kushk) built by Jauna Khan
Explanation: Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq died in 1325 when a wooden structure, built by his son Jauna Khan, collapsed on him as they entered it, an event some historical accounts suggest may have been orchestrated.
Muhammad bin Tughluq ruled the Delhi Sultanate for approximately 37 years.
Answer: False
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughluq ruled the Delhi Sultanate for 26 years, from 1325 to 1351, not approximately 37 years.
Under Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Delhi Sultanate reached its largest territorial extent, temporarily covering most of the Indian subcontinent.
Answer: True
Explanation: Under Muhammad bin Tughluq's rule, the Delhi Sultanate achieved its zenith in territorial expansion, encompassing a significant portion of the Indian subcontinent.
Muhammad bin Tughluq's decision to mint token currency from base metals led to economic prosperity and stability.
Answer: False
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughluq's decision to mint token currency from base metals led to widespread forgery and economic collapse, rather than prosperity and stability.
Muhammad bin Tughluq moved the capital permanently from Delhi to Daulatabad.
Answer: False
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughluq established Deogiri, renaming it Daulatabad, as a second administrative capital and ordered a forced migration of Delhi's elite, but it was not a permanent move away from Delhi, and the policy caused significant hardship.
Muhammad bin Tughluq's ambitious military expeditions targeted Persia (Khurasan) and China.
Answer: True
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughluq planned ambitious military campaigns targeting Khurasan (in Persia) and China, aiming to expand the reach of the Sultanate.
Who succeeded Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq on the throne?
Answer: Jauna Khan
Explanation: Ghiyathuddin Tughlaq was succeeded by his eldest son, Jauna Khan, who ascended to the throne as Muhammad bin Tughluq.
What was the territorial peak of the Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad bin Tughluq?
Answer: Reached its zenith, temporarily encompassing most of the Indian subcontinent
Explanation: Under Muhammad bin Tughluq's rule, the Delhi Sultanate achieved its zenith in territorial expansion, temporarily encompassing a significant portion of the Indian subcontinent.
Which of the following was a major consequence of Muhammad bin Tughluq's token currency policy?
Answer: Widespread forgery and economic collapse
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughluq's introduction of token currency made from base metals led to widespread forgery and a severe economic collapse due to the devaluation of the currency.
What was Muhammad bin Tughluq's controversial decision regarding the capital city, and what were its effects?
Answer: He established Deogiri (Daulatabad) as a second capital and forced the migration of the Delhi elite.
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughluq established Deogiri, renaming it Daulatabad, as a second administrative capital and ordered a forced migration of Delhi's Muslim elite, a move that caused significant hardship and resentment.
Muhammad bin Tughluq's military expeditions towards which regions ultimately failed disastrously?
Answer: Khurasan and China
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughluq's ambitious military expeditions targeting Khurasan (in Persia) and China ultimately failed disastrously due to immense costs, harsh conditions, and lack of resources.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq, successor to Muhammad bin Tughluq, ruled for a relatively short period of 10 years.
Answer: False
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq, successor to Muhammad bin Tughluq, ruled for 37 years, from 1351 to 1388, not a short period of 10 years.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq commissioned the construction of irrigation canals connecting the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers.
Answer: True
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq was a significant patron of infrastructure and commissioned the construction of numerous irrigation canals, including those connecting the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq was known for his strict intolerance, punishing Hindus who attempted to rebuild temples destroyed by his armies.
Answer: True
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign demonstrated intolerance, as he punished Hindus who attempted to rebuild temples destroyed by his forces and also incentivized conversion to Islam.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq ended the historical exemption of Brahmins from paying the jizya tax.
Answer: True
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq ended the long-standing exemption of Brahmins from paying the jizya tax, assessing it at three levels and imposing it upon them.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq banned all forms of torture and punishment during his reign.
Answer: False
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq reformed the justice system by banning certain extreme forms of torture, but he did not ban all forms of punishment; he also implemented specific punishments for dissent and religious non-conformity.
Who succeeded Muhammad bin Tughluq as the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer: Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq succeeded Muhammad bin Tughluq as the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, reigning from 1351 to 1388.
Which significant infrastructure project is attributed to Firoz Shah Tughlaq?
Answer: Commissioning irrigation canals connecting the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq commissioned numerous infrastructure projects, notably the construction of extensive irrigation canals, including those connecting the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers.
What was Firoz Shah Tughlaq's policy towards the jizya tax concerning Brahmins?
Answer: He imposed the jizya on Brahmins for the first time.
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq ended the historical exemption of Brahmins from paying the jizya tax, assessing it at three levels and imposing it upon them.
What was the significance of the Delhi-Topra pillar in relation to Firoz Shah Tughlaq?
Answer: He relocated it near a mosque, though its inscriptions remained undeciphered in his time.
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq relocated the Delhi-Topra pillar, originally erected by Ashoka, near a mosque in his fortress, Feroz Shah Kotla, although its inscriptions remained undeciphered during his era.
The Delhi Sultanate began to shrink significantly during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq, despite reaching its peak territorial extent early on.
Answer: True
Explanation: Despite reaching its peak territorial extent early in his reign, the Delhi Sultanate began to shrink significantly under Muhammad bin Tughluq due to widespread rebellions and secession.
The Tughlaq dynasty's downfall was primarily caused by a single, devastating invasion by Timur.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Timur's invasion was devastating, the Tughlaq dynasty's downfall was a gradual process caused by multiple factors, including provincial rebellions, internal civil wars, and the weakening of central authority, with Timur's invasion significantly accelerating the decline.
Civil wars among the Tughlaq nobility were driven by religious differences between Sunni and Shia factions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Civil wars among the Tughlaq nobility were primarily driven by rivalries for power and control over resources and taxation rights, rather than solely by religious differences between Sunni and Shia factions.
Timur's invasion in 1398 resulted in the plunder and massacre of Delhi, significantly accelerating the Tughlaq dynasty's decline.
Answer: True
Explanation: Timur's invasion in 1398 led to the brutal plunder and massacre of Delhi, severely weakening the Tughlaq dynasty and accelerating its decline.
The Tughlaq system of appointing provincial governors under contract led to stability and prevented rebellions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tughlaq system of appointing provincial governors under contract, while intended to manage vast territories, often led to corruption, exploitation, and frequent rebellions, contributing to instability.
The Tughlaq dynasty was followed by the Khalji dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Tughlaq dynasty was succeeded by the Sayyid dynasty, not the Khalji dynasty, which preceded it.
The Bahmani Sultanate emerged in the Deccan region after revolting against Tughlaq control.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Bahmani Sultanate was established in the Deccan region following a revolt against the Tughlaq dynasty's control.
Which of the following regions declared independence from the Delhi Sultanate during Muhammad bin Tughluq's reign?
Answer: The Madurai Sultanate and the Deccan
Explanation: During Muhammad bin Tughluq's reign, regions such as the Madurai Sultanate and the Deccan revolted and declared independence, contributing to the shrinking of the Sultanate's territory.
What role did the invasion by Timur (Tamerlane) play in the Tughlaq dynasty's history?
Answer: It caused the final collapse and plunder of Delhi, severely weakening the dynasty.
Explanation: Timur's invasion in 1398 resulted in the plunder and massacre of Delhi, severely weakening the Tughlaq dynasty and accelerating its eventual collapse.
What was the primary driver of civil wars among the Tughlaq nobility?
Answer: Rivalries for power and control over resources and taxation rights
Explanation: Civil wars among the Tughlaq nobility were primarily driven by rivalries for power and control over land, resources, and taxation rights, rather than solely religious differences.
What was the fate of the Tughlaq dynasty's rule in the Deccan region?
Answer: It revolted and led to the establishment of the independent Bahmani Sultanate.
Explanation: The Deccan region revolted against Tughlaq control, leading to the establishment of the independent Bahmani Sultanate around 1347.
Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the decline of the Tughlaq dynasty?
Answer: Successful consolidation of power by Muhammad bin Tughluq
Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughluq's reign was marked by instability and the beginning of the Sultanate's decline, not a successful consolidation of power that prevented its downfall.
The name 'Tughlaq' is believed by historians to be an ancestral designation derived from a Turkic term.
Answer: False
Explanation: While some historical accounts suggest 'Tughlaq' might be an ancestral designation, evidence indicates it was the personal name of the dynasty's founder, Ghazi Malik, rather than a widely used ancestral term.
Ibn Battuta identified Tughluq as belonging to the 'Qarauna' tribe, described as Mongols residing between Turkestan and Sindh.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta stated that Tughluq belonged to the 'Qarauna' tribe of Turks, which he described as Mongols residing in the mountainous region between Turkestan and Sindh.
Historians universally agree that Muhammad bin Tughluq's erratic policies were solely due to potential insanity.
Answer: False
Explanation: Historians offer varied perspectives on Muhammad bin Tughluq's policies, with some suggesting intellectual motivations or attempts to enforce Islamic practices, while others attribute his actions to potential insanity; universal agreement on a single cause is lacking.
Ibn Battuta's memoirs describe the Tughlaq administration as lenient and free from corruption.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ibn Battuta's memoirs describe the Tughlaq administration, particularly under Muhammad bin Tughluq, as severe and involving harsh punishments, with noted instances of corruption among officials.
Slavery was not a significant aspect of the Tughlaq dynasty's administration or economy.
Answer: False
Explanation: Slavery was a notable aspect of the Tughlaq dynasty, with captives from military campaigns being traded and utilized within the administration and economy.
The Tughlaq dynasty significantly contributed to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture, particularly under Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Tughlaq dynasty, especially under Firoz Shah Tughlaq, played a significant role in the development of Indo-Islamic architecture through patronage of various construction projects.
The territory formerly ruled by the Tughlaq dynasty now comprises parts of modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
Answer: True
Explanation: The historical territories governed by the Tughlaq dynasty now form parts of modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
What was the approximate period of the Tughlaq dynasty's rule over the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer: 1320 - 1413
Explanation: The Tughlaq dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1320 to 1413, marking a significant period within the Medieval era of Indian history.
According to Ibn Battuta, what was the tribal affiliation of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq?
Answer: Qarauna Turks, described as Mongols
Explanation: Ibn Battuta stated that Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq belonged to the 'Qarauna' tribe, which he described as Mongols residing between Turkestan and Sindh.
What did Ibn Battuta document regarding Muhammad bin Tughluq's justice system?
Answer: It involved severe punishments like flaying alive and dismemberment.
Explanation: Ibn Battuta documented Muhammad bin Tughluq's justice system as involving severe punishments, including flaying alive, dismemberment, and other forms of torture.
The Tughlaq dynasty is associated with which historical era?
Answer: Medieval Period
Explanation: The Tughlaq dynasty ruled during the Medieval period of Indian history, specifically from 1320 to 1413.
What was the official language used during the Tughlaq dynasty's rule?
Answer: Persian
Explanation: Persian served as the official language during the Tughlaq dynasty's rule, although Hindavi was also widely spoken.
The Catalan Atlas of 1375 provides evidence of the Tughlaq dynasty's territory and its flag, described as:
Answer: Grey with a black vertical stripe
Explanation: The Catalan Atlas of 1375 depicts the Sultan of Delhi with a flag described as grey with a black vertical stripe, offering visual evidence of the Tughlaq dynasty's era.