Enter a player name to begin or load your saved progress.
The Turkish Roma are a group of Muslim Romani people, specifically Horahane, who have integrated into Turkish culture over many centuries.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Turkish Roma are identified as Muslim Romani people, specifically Horahane, who have assimilated into Turkish culture over centuries.
The primary motivation for Turkish Roma to adopt Turkish culture was to preserve their unique Romani language and traditions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary motivation for Turkish Roma to adopt Turkish culture and language was to establish a Turkish identity and gain recognition, often involving the denial of their Romani background, rather than to preserve Romani language and traditions.
Despite efforts to assimilate, Turkish Roma still encounter economic discrimination and are not fully accepted by some Christian Romani groups.
Answer: True
Explanation: Despite their assimilation and self-identification as Turks, Turkish Roma face economic discrimination and conflicting views among Turks, and are not fully accepted by some Christian Romani groups.
Ernest Gilliat-Smith noted in 1915 that Turkish Roma in Bulgaria did not speak Romani and appeared more like impoverished Turks.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ernest Gilliat-Smith observed in 1915 that Turkish Roma in Bulgaria had assimilated to the extent that they no longer spoke Romani and resembled impoverished Turks.
Henri Bourgeois coined the term 'True Chingiane' to describe Turkish Roma, praising their strong adherence to Romani traditions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Henri Bourgeois used the term 'Pseudo Chingiane' ('false Gypsies') for Turkish Roma, implying a departure from traditional Romani identity, not strong adherence.
There is no historical evidence of non-Romani groups being misclassified as 'Gypsies' in Bulgaria.
Answer: False
Explanation: Historically, certain Turkish groups in Bulgaria were misclassified as 'Gypsies' or 'Tatars,' indicating that such misclassifications did occur.
Romanlar from Turkey in Europe have largely maintained distinct Romani communities, separate from the broader Turkish diaspora.
Answer: False
Explanation: Romanlar from Turkey who migrated to Europe as guest workers have largely assimilated within the broader Turkish diaspora communities, rather than maintaining distinct Romani communities.
The majority of Bulgarian Muslim Roma youth in Berlin openly identify as Romani, according to recent studies.
Answer: False
Explanation: A study revealed that 97% of Bulgarian Muslim Roma youth in Berlin pretend to be Turkish, with only 3% identifying as Romani.
By what specific name are Turkish Roma, who are Muslim Romani people assimilated into Turkish culture, also known?
Answer: Horahane
Explanation: The Turkish Roma are specifically known as Horahane, a term for Muslim Romani people assimilated into Turkish culture.
What was the primary motivation for Turkish Roma to adopt Turkish culture and language?
Answer: To establish a Turkish identity and gain recognition
Explanation: The primary motivation for Turkish Roma to adopt Turkish culture and language was to establish a Turkish identity, seeking greater recognition from the host population.
Which of the following is a challenge faced by Turkish Roma despite their assimilation into Turkish communities?
Answer: Conflicting views among Turks and non-acceptance by some Christian Romani groups
Explanation: Despite their assimilation, Turkish Roma face economic discrimination and conflicting views among Turks, and are not fully accepted by some Christian Romani groups.
How did Ernest Gilliat-Smith describe the Turkish Roma in Bulgaria in 1915?
Answer: They did not speak the Romani language and appeared more like very poor Turks
Explanation: Ernest Gilliat-Smith noted in 1915 that Turkish Roma in Bulgaria had assimilated to the point of not speaking Romani and resembling impoverished Turks.
What term did French orientalist Henri Bourgeois use for the Turkish Roma, and what newspaper did he mention in this context?
Answer: 'Pseudo Chingiane' and the newspaper 'Laço'
Explanation: Henri Bourgeois referred to the Turkish Roma as 'Pseudo Chingiane' ('false Gypsies') and mentioned the newspaper Laço in this context.
In the past, which non-Romani groups were sometimes misclassified as 'Gypsies' or 'Tatars' in Bulgaria?
Answer: Turks
Explanation: Historically, certain groups of Turks in Bulgaria were sometimes misclassified as 'Gypsies' or 'Tatars'.
How have Romanlar from Turkey integrated into European countries like Germany and Austria?
Answer: They have become fully assimilated within the broader Turkish communities
Explanation: Romanlar from Turkey who migrated to Europe as Gastarbeiter have largely assimilated within the broader Turkish diaspora communities.
According to a study, what percentage of Bulgarian Muslim Roma youth in Berlin primarily pretend to be Turkish?
Answer: 97%
Explanation: A study on Bulgarian Muslim Roma youth in Berlin revealed that 97% primarily pretend to be Turkish, indicating a strong preference for Turkish identity.
Mansur ibn Yakub Han, a legendary Turkish Roma leader, is credited with building a karavansaray in Malatya in 1224.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mansur ibn Yakub Han, also known as Çingene Han, is a legendary Turkish Roma leader credited with building a karavansaray in Malatya in 1224.
Ancient Persian texts describe 12,000 Persian musicians migrating to India, not the other way around.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ancient Persian texts by Hamza al-Isfahani and Ferdowsi describe Bahram Gur bringing 12,000 musicians from India to Persia, not the other way around.
According to Evliya Çelebi, Mehmed II brought Muslim Gypsies to Istanbul from Balat after 1453, where they became musicians.
Answer: True
Explanation: Evliya Çelebi documented that Mehmed II brought Muslim Gypsies from Balat to Istanbul after 1453, and their descendants became musicians.
During the Ottoman Empire, Turkish Roma migrated from Anatolia to the Marmara Region and subsequently settled in the Balkans.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the Ottoman Empire, Turkish Roma migrated from Anatolia to the Marmara Region and then further into the Balkans.
Some non-Romani families in the Ottoman Empire adopted a 'Gypsy' identity to avoid military conscription until 1874.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the Ottoman Empire, some non-Romani families adopted a 'Gypsy' identity to avoid military service for their sons, as Gypsies were exempt from combatant recruitment until 1874.
Turkish Roma from Bulgaria primarily migrated to Turkey after Bulgaria joined the EU, maintaining their traditional family structures.
Answer: False
Explanation: After Bulgaria joined the EU, Turkish Roma from Bulgaria primarily migrated to Western Europe as workers, and many men married Polish women, indicating a shift in traditional family structures.
Muslim Roma fled to Istanbul and East Thrace as Muhacir during conflicts such as the Greek War of Independence and the Balkan Wars.
Answer: True
Explanation: Muslim Roma, along with other Muslim groups, fled to Istanbul and East Thrace as Muhacir during the Greek War of Independence, the Russo-Turkish War, and the Balkan Wars.
The population exchange between Greece and Turkey did not include Muslim Turkish Roma, who remained in Greece.
Answer: False
Explanation: Muslim Turkish Roma from Greece were included in the population exchange between Greece and Turkey and were resettled in Turkey, where they are known as Mübadil Romanlar.
Under the 1925 Convention, Turkish gypsies from Veliko Tarnovo district in Bulgaria, registered as 'Turks,' emigrated to Turkey.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1925 Convention between Bulgaria and Turkey allowed Muslims, including Turkish gypsies from the Veliko Tarnovo district registered as 'Turks,' to emigrate to Turkey.
Muslim Turkish Roma from Bulgaria primarily settled in Istanbul during the 1950s.
Answer: False
Explanation: Between 1950 and 1951, Muslim Turkish Roma from Bulgaria settled in Çanakkale and its surrounding areas, not primarily Istanbul.
The emigration of Muslim Turkish Roma from Yugoslavia to Turkey occurred primarily in the late 19th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The emigration of Muslim Turkish Roma from Yugoslavia to Turkey primarily occurred between 1953 and 1968, not in the late 19th century.
What significant structure did Mansur ibn Yakub Han, also known as Çingene Han, build in Malatya in 1224?
Answer: A karavansaray
Explanation: Mansur ibn Yakub Han, or Çingene Han, is credited with building a karavansaray in Malatya in 1224.
Which ancient Sasanian king is mentioned by Hamza al-Isfahani and Ferdowsi as bringing 12,000 musicians from India to Persia?
Answer: Bahram Gur
Explanation: Ancient Persian texts by Hamza al-Isfahani and Ferdowsi mention Bahram Gur as the Sasanian king who brought 12,000 musicians from India to Persia.
According to Evliya Çelebi, who brought Muslim Gypsies from Balat to Istanbul after 1453, and what role did their descendants play?
Answer: Mehmed II, whose descendants became musicians
Explanation: Evliya Çelebi documented that Mehmed II brought Muslim Gypsies from Balat to Istanbul after 1453, and their descendants became musicians.
Describe the migration pattern of the Turkish Roma during the Ottoman Empire.
Answer: From Anatolia to the Marmara Region and then the Balkans
Explanation: During the Ottoman Empire, Turkish Roma migrated from Anatolia to the Marmara Region and subsequently settled in the Balkans.
What historical practice in the Ottoman Empire led some non-Romani families to adopt a 'Gypsy' identity?
Answer: To avoid sending their sons as soldiers
Explanation: Some non-Romani families in the Ottoman Empire adopted a 'Gypsy' identity to avoid military conscription for their sons, as Gypsies were exempt from combatant roles until 1874.
What happened to Turkish Roma from Bulgaria, including Usta Millet and Mehter, after Bulgaria joined the European Union?
Answer: They migrated to Western Europe as workers, with some men marrying Polish women
Explanation: After Bulgaria joined the EU, Turkish Roma from Bulgaria, including Usta Millet and Mehter, migrated to Western Europe as workers, and many men married Polish women.
During which historical conflicts did Muslim Roma flee to Istanbul and East Thrace as Muhacir?
Answer: The Greek War of Independence, the Russo-Turkish War, and the Balkan Wars
Explanation: Muslim Roma fled to Istanbul and East Thrace as Muhacir during the Greek War of Independence, the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), and the Balkan Wars (1912–1913).
What term is used in Turkish for Muslim Turkish Roma from Greece who were resettled in Turkey during the population exchange?
Answer: Mübadil Romanlar
Explanation: Muslim Turkish Roma from Greece who were resettled in Turkey during the population exchange are known as Mübadil Romanlar.
Under what agreement were Muslims, including Turkish gypsies from the Veliko Tarnovo district, permitted to emigrate from Bulgaria to Turkey?
Answer: The 1925 Convention between Bulgaria and Turkey
Explanation: The 1925 Convention between Bulgaria and Turkey permitted Muslims, including Turkish gypsies from the Veliko Tarnovo district, to emigrate to Turkey.
Where did Muslim Turkish Roma from Bulgaria settle in Turkey between 1950 and 1951?
Answer: Çanakkale and its surrounding areas
Explanation: Between 1950 and 1951, Muslim Turkish Roma from Bulgaria settled in Çanakkale and its surrounding areas.
During what period did Muslim Turkish Roma from Yugoslavia emigrate to Turkey?
Answer: 1953-1968
Explanation: Muslim Turkish Roma from Yugoslavia emigrated to Turkey between 1953 and 1968.
Significant communities of Turkish Roma are found in Turkey, Bulgaria, and Western Thrace in Greece, among other regions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Significant communities of Turkish Roma are indeed located in Turkey, Bulgaria, Western Thrace in Greece, North Macedonia, Northern Cyprus, Dobruja in Romania, and Kosovo.
The term Şopar, used for Turkish Roma in East Thrace, is a Turkish word meaning 'traveler'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term Şopar, used for Turkish Roma in East Thrace, originates from the Rumelian Romani dialect, and its meaning encompasses various interpretations, not specifically 'traveler' from Turkish.
Romanian Christian Roma groups often refer to Muslim Turkish Roma in Dobruja, Romania, simply as 'Turks'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Romanian Christian Roma groups in Dobruja, Romania, refer to Muslim Turkish Roma as 'Turks,' considering them distinct from their own community.
The Turko-Gifti in Western Thrace, Greece, are known for speaking a unique Romani dialect, not Turkish.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Turko-Gifti in Western Thrace, Greece, are specifically identified as Muslim Roma who speak Turkish, not a unique Romani dialect.
Turkish-speaking Gypsies are exclusively found in Turkey and Western Thrace, with no related communities in Northern Cyprus.
Answer: False
Explanation: Turkish-speaking Gypsies are also found in Northern Cyprus, maintaining close ties with communities in Turkey and Western Thrace.
The Divanjoldjije, a Turkish Roma community in Kosovo, are named after their original settlement, Divanyolu Street in Istanbul.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Divanjoldjije community in Kosovo is named after Divanyolu Street in Istanbul, their original settlement before migrating to Pristina.
Turkish Gypsies in North Macedonia live alongside the host population in cities like Skopje and Kočani, and some families emigrated to Turkey between 1953 and 1968.
Answer: True
Explanation: Turkish Gypsies in North Macedonia reside alongside the host population in cities such as Skopje and Kočani, and a number of families emigrated to Turkey between 1953 and 1968.
The Xoraxaya, Muslim Roma from Turkey in the USA, have established Turkish Roma dance clubs and are known as Turkish Romany.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Xoraxaya, Muslim Roma from Turkey and southeastern Europe in the USA, have established Turkish Roma dance (Roman Havasi) clubs and are known as Turkish Romany.
Which of the following countries hosts significant communities of Turkish Roma today?
Answer: Turkey, Bulgaria, and Western Thrace in Greece
Explanation: Significant communities of Turkish Roma are found in Turkey, Bulgaria, and Western Thrace in Greece, among other regions.
What term is used for Turkish Roma in East Thrace, Turkey, and from which dialect does its meaning originate?
Answer: Şopar, from Rumelian Romani
Explanation: In East Thrace, Turkey, Turkish Roma are called Şopar, a term whose meaning originates from the Rumelian Romani dialect.
How are Muslim Turkish Roma in Dobruja, Romania, viewed by Romanian Christian Roma groups?
Answer: Simply as 'Turks' and distinct from them
Explanation: In Dobruja, Romania, Muslim Turkish Roma are viewed by Romanian Christian Roma groups simply as 'Turks' and are considered distinct from them.
What is the general term for Muslim Roma in Western Thrace, Greece, who speak Turkish?
Answer: Turko-Gifti
Explanation: In Western Thrace, Greece, Muslim Roma who speak Turkish are generally referred to as Turko-Gifti.
Besides Turkey and Western Thrace in Greece, where else in the Mediterranean region are Turkish-speaking Gypsies found, closely related to those in Turkey?
Answer: Northern Cyprus
Explanation: Turkish-speaking Gypsies, closely related to those in Turkey and Western Thrace, are also found in Northern Cyprus.
What is the origin of the name 'Divanjoldjije' for a Turkish Roma community in Kosovo?
Answer: Their original settlement, Divanyolu Street in Istanbul
Explanation: The Divanjoldjije community in Kosovo is named after their original settlement, Divanyolu Street in Istanbul, from which they migrated.
Where do Turkish Gypsies live in North Macedonia, and during what period did some families emigrate to Turkey?
Answer: Alongside the host population in cities like Skopje; 1953-1968
Explanation: Turkish Gypsies in North Macedonia live alongside the host population in cities like Skopje, and some families emigrated to Turkey between 1953 and 1968.
How have the Xoraxaya, Muslim Roma from Turkey and southeastern Europe, established their culture in the USA?
Answer: By establishing Turkish Roma dance (Roman Havasi) clubs
Explanation: The Xoraxaya, Muslim Roma from Turkey and southeastern Europe, have established their culture in the USA by founding Turkish Roma dance (Roman Havasi) clubs.
The Turkish Roma primarily practice a unique form of Romani Christianity, distinct from mainstream Islamic traditions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Turkish Roma are cultural Muslims who adhere to Sunni Islam of the Hanafi madhab, not a unique form of Romani Christianity.
Male circumcision among Turkish Roma typically occurs in infancy, without a specific festival or godfather role.
Answer: False
Explanation: Male circumcision among Turkish Roma typically occurs between ages 3-7, accompanied by a festival (bijav sunet), and involves a significant role for a 'kirvo' (godfather).
Romani people in the Western Balkans adhere strictly to mainstream Sunni Islam without any unique adaptations.
Answer: False
Explanation: A unique form of Islam, referred to as 'Romani Islam,' has developed in the Western Balkans, reflecting distinct cultural and religious practices among Romani communities, rather than strict adherence to mainstream Sunni Islam without adaptations.
The Gulsheni Sezai order, an indigenous Romani Sufi Order, was established in Üsküdar, Turkey.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Gulsheni Sezai order, an indigenous Romani Sufi Order, was indeed established in Üsküdar, Turkey.
Turkish Roma in Bulgaria have maintained their traditional Islamic faith without any significant conversions to other religions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Since the 1990s, a segment of the Turkish Roma population in Bulgaria has converted to evangelical Christianity, indicating a significant shift from their traditional Islamic faith.
What is the primary religious affiliation and madhab of the Turkish Roma?
Answer: Sunni Islam of the Hanafi madhab
Explanation: The Turkish Roma are cultural Muslims who have adopted Sunni Islam of the Hanafi madhab.
Describe the male circumcision ceremony among Turkish Roma, including the age and the role of the 'kirvo'.
Answer: Boys are circumcised between 3-7 years old, accompanied by bijav sunet, with a 'kirvo' playing an important role
Explanation: Turkish Roma boys are typically circumcised between 3-7 years old, accompanied by a festival (bijav sunet), and a 'kirvo' (godfather) plays an important role.
What unique form of Islam has developed in the Western Balkans, including among Romani people?
Answer: Romani Islam
Explanation: A unique form of Islam, referred to as 'Romani Islam,' has developed in the Western Balkans, including among Romani people.
Which indigenous Romani Sufi Order was established in Üsküdar, Turkey?
Answer: The Gulsheni Sezai order
Explanation: The Gulsheni Sezai order, an indigenous Romani Sufi Order, was indeed established in Üsküdar, Turkey.
What religious shift has occurred among some Turkish Roma in Bulgaria since the 1990s?
Answer: Conversion to evangelical Christianity
Explanation: Since the 1990s, a segment of the Turkish Roma population in Bulgaria has converted to evangelical Christianity.
Muslim Gypsies in early Istanbul maintained their Romani language, with Turkish words only occasionally used in their daily speech.
Answer: False
Explanation: Early Muslim Gypsies in Istanbul primarily spoke Turkish, incorporating only a very small number of Romani words, indicating significant linguistic assimilation rather than maintenance of Romani.
A. G. Paspati's 1860 observations indicated that Romani women rarely married Turks, thus preserving the Rumelian Romani dialect.
Answer: False
Explanation: A. G. Paspati's 1860 observations indicated that Turks frequently married Romani women, leading to the near loss of the Rumelian Romani dialect, not its preservation.
Less than 5% of the Turkish Roma population exhibits Haplogroup M (mtDNA) in genetic studies.
Answer: False
Explanation: Genetic studies in Turkey indicate that 26.5% of the Turkish Roma population carries the Haplogroup M (mtDNA), which is significantly more than 5%.
Y-DNA haplogroups L and H are common in non-Romani men and do not indicate a Proto Romani paternal line for Turkish Roma.
Answer: False
Explanation: The presence of a small percentage of Y-DNA L and H haplogroups in Turkish Roma is indicative of a Proto-Romani paternal line, even though other Y-DNA haplogroups are common in non-Romani men.
Genetic data contradicts Paspati's 1860 observations, indicating a clear genetic separation between Turks and Roma.
Answer: False
Explanation: Genetic data supports Paspati's 1860 observations by confirming a mixture of peoples from different backgrounds in the Ottoman Empire, rather than indicating a clear genetic separation.
What was the linguistic situation of the early Muslim Gypsies brought to Istanbul after 1453?
Answer: They primarily spoke Turkish, incorporating only a very small number of Romani words
Explanation: Early Muslim Gypsies in Istanbul primarily spoke Turkish, with only a minimal number of Romani words integrated into their jargon, indicating significant linguistic assimilation.
What did Greek Doctor A. G. Paspati observe in 1860 regarding Turks and Romani women?
Answer: Turks frequently married Romani women, leading to the near loss of the Rumelian Romani dialect
Explanation: A. G. Paspati observed in 1860 that frequent intermarriage between Turks and Romani women led to the near complete loss of the Rumelian Romani dialect among Muslim Turkish Roma.
What percentage of the Turkish Roma population in Turkey exhibits the Haplogroup M (mtDNA) in genetic studies?
Answer: 26.5%
Explanation: Genetic studies in Turkey indicate that 26.5% of the Turkish Roma population carries the Haplogroup M (mtDNA).
What do the Y-DNA haplogroups L and H suggest about the paternal lineage of Turkish Roma?
Answer: They indicate a Proto Romani paternal line
Explanation: The presence of a small percentage of Y-DNA L and H haplogroups in Turkish Roma is indicative of a Proto-Romani paternal line.
How does the genetic data support A. G. Paspati's 1860 historical statement about the Turkish Roma?
Answer: It confirms a mixture of peoples from different backgrounds in the Ottoman Empire
Explanation: Genetic data supports Paspati's 1860 statement by confirming a mixture of peoples from different backgrounds in the Ottoman Empire, consistent with intermingling between Turks and Roma.
Social Norms and Cultural Expressions
The existence of 'Romani cuisine' in Turkey suggests that Turkish Romani people have inhabited Anatolia since ancient times and influenced its culinary culture.
Answer: True
Explanation: The presence of a distinct 'Romani cuisine' in Turkey is considered evidence of the Turkish Romani people's ancient habitation in Anatolia and their influence on its culinary culture.
Turkish Roma music is primarily known for its slow, melancholic melodies and lacks distinctive dance forms.
Answer: False
Explanation: Turkish Roma music is known for its special 9/8 rhythm and prominently features belly dance, rather than being characterized by slow, melancholic melodies and lacking distinctive dance forms.
The Kakava festival is a traditional Turkish celebration unrelated to Romani culture, and Baba Fingo is a mythical figure from ancient Greek folklore.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Kakava festival is a notable cultural aspect of Turkish Roma, and Baba Fingo is a savior figure in their belief system, indicating a strong relation to Romani culture.
Turkish Roma typically marry relatives at a young age, with boys marrying between 15-19 and girls between 13-17.
Answer: True
Explanation: Turkish Roma typically engage in endogamous marriages with relatives at a young age, with boys marrying between 15-19 and girls between 13-17.
Polygamy is strictly prohibited and rarely practiced among Turkish Roma.
Answer: False
Explanation: Polygamy is widespread among Turkish Roma, with men sometimes having multiple wives, indicating it is not strictly prohibited or rarely practiced.
For Turkish Roma, sexual morality outside marriage dictates that men are expected to act on desires only with non-Romani women.
Answer: True
Explanation: Turkish Roma sexual morality outside marriage dictates that men are expected to act on their desires only with non-Romani women, while Romani women and young men are considered normal objects of desire.
Homosexual sex is universally condemned within Turkish Roma culture, regardless of the role played.
Answer: False
Explanation: Within Turkish Roma culture, homosexual sex is considered acceptable if one is the penetrator, but the penetrated man is stigmatized as 'Bujashi'.
Pederasty is an ancient Romani tradition that predates the Ottoman Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: The practice of pederasty was adopted into Turkish Roma culture from the Ottoman period, not as an ancient Romani tradition predating the Ottoman Empire.
Oil wrestlers are often of Turkish Roma descent and pursue the sport as a means to escape difficult circumstances.
Answer: True
Explanation: It is common for oil wrestlers to be of Turkish Roma descent, and they often pursue this sport with the hope of escaping difficult circumstances or misery.
What is the significance of 'Romani cuisine' in Turkey regarding the history of Turkish Romani people?
Answer: It serves as evidence of their ancient habitation in Anatolia and its influence on its culinary culture
Explanation: The existence of 'Romani cuisine' in Turkey suggests that Turkish Romani people have inhabited Anatolia since ancient times and influenced its culinary culture.
What are two distinctive characteristics of Turkish Roma music and dance?
Answer: A special 9/8 rhythm and belly dance
Explanation: Turkish Roma music is known for its special 9/8 rhythm, and their cultural performances prominently feature belly dance.
Which of the following are two notable cultural festivals or beliefs of the Turkish Roma?
Answer: The Kakava festival and belief in Baba Fingo
Explanation: Two notable cultural aspects of the Turkish Roma are the Kakava festival and the belief in a savior figure known as Baba Fingo.
Describe the typical marriage customs among Turkish Roma regarding age and family ties.
Answer: They typically marry relatives at a young age (boys 15-19, girls 13-17)
Explanation: Turkish Roma typically marry relatives at a young age, with boys marrying between 15-19 and girls between 13-17.
What is the prevalence of polygamy among Turkish Roma?
Answer: It is widespread, with men sometimes having up to 7-11 wives
Explanation: Polygamy is widespread among Turkish Roma, and it is not uncommon for a man to have multiple wives, sometimes up to 7-11.
According to Turkish Roma cultural views on sexual morality outside of marriage, with whom is a man expected to act on his desires?
Answer: Only with non-Romani women
Explanation: Turkish Roma cultural views on sexual morality outside of marriage dictate that a man is expected to act on his desires only with non-Romani women.
What is the cultural view on homosexual sex among Turkish Roma, and what term is used for a man who is penetrated by another man?
Answer: It is acceptable if one is the penetrator, but the penetrated man is called 'Bujashi'
Explanation: Among Turkish Roma, homosexual sex is acceptable if one is the penetrator, but the penetrated man is called 'Bujashi,' a term adopted from Turkish culture.
From what historical period was the practice of pederasty adopted into Turkish Roma culture?
Answer: The Ottoman period
Explanation: The practice of pederasty was adopted into Turkish Roma culture from the Ottoman period.
What is a common aspiration for oil wrestlers of Turkish Roma descent?
Answer: To escape from difficult circumstances or misery
Explanation: Oil wrestlers of Turkish Roma descent often pursue the sport as a means to escape difficult circumstances or misery.