Enter a player name to begin or load your saved progress.
TurkStream is the first direct gas pipeline constructed between Russia and Turkey under the Black Sea.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Blue Stream pipeline, commissioned in 2005, was the first direct gas pipeline built between Russia and Turkey under the Black Sea. TurkStream is a subsequent project.
The TurkStream project was announced by Vladimir Putin during a state visit to Turkey on December 1, 2014.
Answer: True
Explanation: The project, initially named Turkish Stream, was announced by Russian President Vladimir Putin on December 1, 2014, during his state visit to Turkey.
The TurkStream pipeline project effectively replaced the previously abandoned South Stream project.
Answer: True
Explanation: The South Stream project, intended for gas transport to Europe via the Black Sea, was abandoned in 2014. TurkStream was subsequently developed as its successor.
Russia unilaterally suspended the TurkStream project in November 2015 due to a dispute over pipeline specifications.
Answer: False
Explanation: Russia unilaterally suspended the project in November 2015 following the downing of a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 aircraft by Turkey, not due to disputes over pipeline specifications.
South Stream Transport B.V., originally for the South Stream project, was not involved in implementing TurkStream.
Answer: False
Explanation: South Stream Transport B.V., a subsidiary established for the South Stream project, was indeed involved in the implementation of the TurkStream project.
What was the previous name of the TurkStream pipeline project before its announcement?
Answer: Turkish Stream Pipeline
Explanation: Before its official announcement and development as TurkStream, the project was previously known as the Turkish Stream pipeline.
Which project, intended to transport Russian gas to Europe via the Black Sea, was abandoned and effectively replaced by TurkStream?
Answer: South Stream
Explanation: The South Stream project, which aimed to transport Russian gas to Europe across the Black Sea, was abandoned and subsequently replaced by the TurkStream project.
What event prompted Russia to unilaterally suspend the TurkStream project in November 2015?
Answer: The shooting down of a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 aircraft.
Explanation: Russia unilaterally suspended the TurkStream project in November 2015 following the incident where a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 aircraft was shot down.
How does the TurkStream pipeline's route differ from the original South Stream project's intended route?
Answer: TurkStream's route terminates in Turkey, with onward connections, whereas South Stream aimed for Bulgaria and Austria.
Explanation: The fundamental difference lies in their destination strategy: TurkStream terminates in Turkey with onward connections to Europe, whereas the South Stream project was designed to transit through Bulgaria and Austria.
The TurkStream pipeline originates in Russia and transports natural gas towards Turkey and Europe.
Answer: True
Explanation: The TurkStream pipeline originates from the Russkaya compressor station in Russia's Krasnodar Region and transports natural gas across the Black Sea towards Turkey and onward to Europe.
The estimated cost for the TurkStream pipeline project was approximately €5.5 billion.
Answer: False
Explanation: The estimated cost for the TurkStream pipeline project was approximately €11.4 billion.
The TurkStream pipeline has a total capacity of 31.5 billion cubic meters per year, split equally between the two lines.
Answer: True
Explanation: The TurkStream pipeline is designed with a total annual capacity of 31.5 billion cubic meters, with each of its two lines contributing half of this capacity.
The pipes used in TurkStream have an outer diameter of 32 inches and can withstand a maximum internal pressure of 300 bars.
Answer: True
Explanation: The pipes utilized in the TurkStream pipeline feature an outer diameter of 32 inches (810 mm) and are engineered to handle a maximum internal operating pressure of 300 bars.
The TurkStream pipeline reaches a maximum depth of 7,200 meters in the Black Sea.
Answer: True
Explanation: The offshore section of the TurkStream pipeline is installed at depths reaching up to 2,200 meters (approximately 7,200 feet) in the Black Sea.
The offshore section of TurkStream is approximately 930 km long, with the majority lying within Russian maritime zones.
Answer: False
Explanation: The offshore section is approximately 930 km long, but the majority, around 700 km, lies within Turkish waters, not Russian maritime zones.
The pipe-laying vessel Pioneering Spirit was used for shallower, near-shore sections of the TurkStream offshore pipeline.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Pioneering Spirit, a large pipe-laying vessel, was utilized for the deep-water sections of the TurkStream offshore pipeline, while the Audacia handled near-shore areas.
The TurkStream pipeline originates from the Blue Stream compressor station near Anapa.
Answer: False
Explanation: The TurkStream pipeline originates from the Russkaya compressor station, located near Anapa in Russia's Krasnodar Krai, not the Blue Stream compressor station.
Europipe GmbH of Germany and Vyksa Steel Works of Russia were among the manufacturers of the pipes used for TurkStream.
Answer: True
Explanation: Europipe GmbH of Germany and Vyksa Steel Works of Russia were indeed among the key manufacturers that supplied pipes for the TurkStream project.
The total length of the TurkStream pipeline is approximately 580 miles.
Answer: True
Explanation: The total length of the TurkStream pipeline is approximately 930 kilometers, which is equivalent to 580 miles.
What is the total estimated cost of the TurkStream pipeline project?
Answer: €11.4 billion
Explanation: The estimated financial investment for the TurkStream pipeline project amounted to approximately €11.4 billion.
What is the total annual natural gas capacity of the TurkStream pipeline across its two lines?
Answer: 31.5 billion cubic meters
Explanation: The TurkStream pipeline possesses a combined annual capacity of 31.5 billion cubic meters, distributed equally between its two operational lines.
What is the outer diameter of the pipes used in the TurkStream pipeline?
Answer: 810 mm
Explanation: The pipes employed in the TurkStream pipeline have an outer diameter of 810 millimeters, which is equivalent to 32 inches.
What is the maximum internal operating pressure the TurkStream pipeline is designed to handle?
Answer: 300 bars
Explanation: The TurkStream pipeline is engineered to withstand a maximum internal operating pressure of 300 bars.
Approximately how much of the TurkStream pipeline's offshore section lies within Turkish waters?
Answer: 700 km
Explanation: Of the total offshore section length, approximately 700 kilometers (435 miles) of the TurkStream pipeline traverses within Turkish maritime waters.
What Russian compressor station serves as the origin point for the TurkStream pipeline?
Answer: Russkaya Station
Explanation: The TurkStream pipeline originates from the Russkaya compressor station, situated near Anapa in Russia's Krasnodar Krai.
Which of the following companies manufactured pipes for the TurkStream pipeline?
Answer: Europipe GmbH and Vyksa Steel Works
Explanation: Europipe GmbH of Germany and Vyksa Steel Works of Russia were among the prominent manufacturers that supplied pipes for the construction of the TurkStream pipeline.
Construction of the offshore section of TurkStream began with the laying of the second line in May 2017.
Answer: False
Explanation: The construction of the offshore section commenced with the laying of the first line on May 7, 2017.
The completion of the offshore section of TurkStream was marked by a ceremony in Ankara on November 19, 2018.
Answer: False
Explanation: A ceremony celebrating the completion of the offshore section was held in Istanbul on November 19, 2018.
Gazprom began shipping gas via TurkStream on January 1, 2020, replacing supplies previously routed through Ukraine.
Answer: True
Explanation: Gas shipments via TurkStream commenced on January 1, 2020, effectively replacing transit supplies that had previously been routed through Ukraine and Romania.
The official inauguration ceremony of the TurkStream pipeline was attended by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Answer: True
Explanation: The official inauguration ceremony, held on January 8, 2020, was attended by both Russian President Vladimir Putin and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
The first line of TurkStream is intended for gas supply to Turkey, while the second line is for onward transport to Europe.
Answer: True
Explanation: The operational design of TurkStream designates the first line for direct gas supply to Turkey and the second line for transporting gas further into South-East and Central Europe.
TurkStream makes landfall in Turkey at Kıyıköy and continues to the border with Greece.
Answer: False
Explanation: TurkStream makes landfall in Turkey at Kıyıköy and continues to the Turkey-Bulgaria border, not the border with Greece.
Potential European recipients of gas via the second TurkStream line include Serbia, Hungary, and Austria.
Answer: True
Explanation: The second line of TurkStream is designed to supply gas to South-East and Central European countries, with Serbia, Hungary, and Austria identified as potential recipients.
Gas deliveries via TurkStream increased by 23% by 2023, reaching 16.7 billion cubic meters.
Answer: True
Explanation: By 2023, gas deliveries through TurkStream had seen a significant increase of 23%, reaching a volume of 16.7 billion cubic meters.
The gas filling of the offshore section of TurkStream in November 2019 was a preparatory step before the project's announcement.
Answer: False
Explanation: The gas filling of the offshore section in November 2019 occurred as a step signaling the nearing completion and readiness for operation, well after the project's announcement.
What is the primary function of the TurkStream natural gas pipeline?
Answer: To transport natural gas from Russia across the Black Sea to Turkey, with onward flow to Europe.
Explanation: The primary function of TurkStream is to transport natural gas originating from Russia, across the Black Sea to Turkey, and subsequently onward to European markets.
Where does the TurkStream pipeline terminate after crossing the Black Sea?
Answer: At a receiving terminal in Kıyıköy, Kırklareli Province, Turkey.
Explanation: After traversing the Black Sea, the TurkStream pipeline makes landfall at a receiving terminal located in Kıyıköy, within Turkey's Kırklareli Province.
When did Gazprom commence shipping gas through the TurkStream pipeline?
Answer: January 1, 2020
Explanation: Gazprom officially commenced gas shipments through the TurkStream pipeline on January 1, 2020.
Who were the heads of state present at the official inauguration ceremony of the TurkStream pipeline?
Answer: Presidents of Russia and Turkey
Explanation: The official inauguration ceremony of the TurkStream pipeline was attended by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Which of the following is NOT a country identified as a potential recipient of gas via the second line of TurkStream?
Answer: Ukraine
Explanation: While Serbia, Hungary, and Slovakia are listed as potential recipients for gas transported via the second TurkStream line, Ukraine is not identified in this context.
By 2023, what was the percentage increase in Russia's gas deliveries via TurkStream?
Answer: 23%
Explanation: By the year 2023, gas deliveries from Russia via the TurkStream pipeline had experienced a notable increase of 23%.
What is the function of the second line of the TurkStream pipeline?
Answer: To transport gas to South-East and Central Europe.
Explanation: The second line of the TurkStream pipeline is specifically designed to convey natural gas to South-East and Central European countries.
What was the significance of the gas filling of the offshore section of TurkStream in November 2019?
Answer: It was a step signaling the nearing completion and readiness for operation.
Explanation: The gas filling of the offshore section in November 2019 represented a crucial step, indicating the pipeline's advanced stage of completion and its readiness for operational deployment.
TurkStream reroutes gas transit away from the Trans Balkan Pipeline system.
Answer: True
Explanation: By providing a direct route to Turkey and onward to Southeastern Europe, TurkStream significantly alters regional gas flows, diverting transit away from the traditional Trans Balkan Pipeline system.
A plan discussed in 2022 involved Turkey becoming an energy hub by relabeling gas from various sources, including its own Black Sea production, for European buyers.
Answer: True
Explanation: Discussions in 2022 explored Turkey's potential role as an energy hub, involving the accumulation and onward sale of gas from diverse sources, potentially including its domestic production, to European markets.
Following Ukraine's cessation of gas transit in early 2025, TurkStream became the only pipeline for Russian gas supply to Europe.
Answer: True
Explanation: With Ukraine ceasing its contract for Russian gas transit in early 2025, TurkStream emerged as the sole direct pipeline route for Russia to supply gas to Europe.
In 2022, Ukraine successfully damaged a TurkStream compressor station in Russia.
Answer: False
Explanation: Reports indicate that Ukraine attempted to damage the pipeline in 2022 but failed. A subsequent incident in January 2025 involved a reported failed Ukrainian drone attack on a compressor station.
Slovakia's pilot contract for Azerbaijani gas in 2024 is intended to bypass TurkStream entirely.
Answer: False
Explanation: Slovakia's pilot contract for Azerbaijani gas may potentially involve transit via Russia and the TurkStream pipeline as a route to mitigate reliance on Ukrainian transit.
What is the primary impact of TurkStream on regional gas flows in South-East Europe?
Answer: It diverts transit away from Ukraine and the Trans Balkan Pipeline system.
Explanation: TurkStream's primary impact is rerouting gas transit away from Ukraine and the Trans Balkan Pipeline system, thereby reshaping energy flows into South-East Europe.
What is the significance of the TurkStream pipeline after the cessation of gas transit through Ukraine to Europe in early 2025?
Answer: It becomes the sole direct pipeline for Russia to supply gas to Europe.
Explanation: Following the cessation of gas transit through Ukraine in early 2025, TurkStream assumes critical importance as the sole direct pipeline for Russia's gas supply to the European continent.
According to reports, what action did Ukraine reportedly take regarding the TurkStream pipeline in 2022?
Answer: Attempted to damage the pipeline, but failed.
Explanation: In 2022, Ukraine reportedly made an attempt to damage the TurkStream pipeline, which was unsuccessful.
The intergovernmental agreement for the TurkStream project was signed by Russia and Turkey on October 10, 2016, in Moscow.
Answer: False
Explanation: The intergovernmental agreement was signed on October 10, 2016, but it took place in Istanbul, not Moscow.
Allseas was contracted to lay the offshore pipes for both lines of the TurkStream pipeline.
Answer: True
Explanation: Allseas, a subsea construction company, was contracted for the laying of the offshore pipes for both lines of the TurkStream pipeline.
Petrofac was responsible for constructing the receiving terminal in Turkey for the TurkStream pipeline.
Answer: False
Explanation: Petrofac was the contractor for the Turkish onshore section, while Tekfen was the subcontractor responsible for the construction of the receiving terminal in Turkey.
Which of the following is a Turkish name for the TurkStream pipeline?
Answer: TürkAkım
Explanation: The TurkStream pipeline is known in Turkish as TürkAkım or Türk Akımı.
On what date did Russia and Turkey officially sign the intergovernmental agreement for the TurkStream project?
Answer: October 10, 2016
Explanation: The intergovernmental agreement formalizing the TurkStream project between Russia and Turkey was officially signed on October 10, 2016.
Which company was contracted for laying the deep-water sections of the TurkStream offshore pipeline?
Answer: Allseas
Explanation: The subsea construction company Allseas was contracted for the critical task of laying the deep-water sections of the TurkStream offshore pipeline.
Which company was the contractor for the Turkish onshore section of the TurkStream pipeline?
Answer: Petrofac
Explanation: Petrofac served as the contractor responsible for the construction of the Turkish onshore section of the TurkStream pipeline.
Which entity is responsible for the Turkish onshore section of the TurkStream pipeline?
Answer: BOTAŞ
Explanation: BOTAŞ, the Turkish state-owned pipeline operator, is responsible for the Turkish onshore section of the TurkStream pipeline.