Urbanization is solely defined by the absolute number of people living in urban areas, distinct from urban growth which focuses on population proportion.

Urbanization is a phenomenon relevant only to the academic fields of urban planning and geography.

Urbanization can be quantified by measuring the rate at which the urban proportion of the population is increasing over time.

According to the source, what is the primary distinction between urbanization and urban growth?

Which of the following academic disciplines is NOT mentioned as finding urbanization relevant to its studies?

How can urbanization be quantified, according to the source material?

By 2050, it is projected that the developed world will have a lower percentage of its population urbanized compared to the developing world.

Historically, urbanization has been closely linked to major societal shifts such as industrialization and globalization.

Before the 18th century, urban centers were typically large and housed the majority of the population, who were engaged in diverse industries.

The British Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution were key events that disrupted the traditional rural-urban population equilibrium.

In England and Wales, the urbanized population (using a broader definition) represented 72% of the total in 1891.

The United Nations reported that the world's urban population first surpassed its rural population in 1997.

Greater Seoul is an example of a dominant conurbation, housing 50% of South Korea's national population.

South America is the least urbanized continent in the world, with less than 50% of its population living in urban areas.

What percentage of the developing world is predicted to be urbanized by 2050?

Historically, urbanization has been closely linked to which of the following broader societal changes?

What characterized the equilibrium between rural and urban populations before the 18th century?

What events in the late 18th century led to unprecedented urban growth by disrupting the traditional rural-urban population equilibrium?

In England and Wales, what was the approximate proportion of the population living in cities with over 20,000 people in 1801?

Which of the following factors contributed to the expansion of cities and the convergence of laborers in industrial centers during the Industrial Revolution?

According to the United Nations, in what year did the world's urban population first surpass its rural population?

What is the global average urbanization rate as of 2020?

Which continent is identified as the most urbanized in the world, with over 80% of its total population living in urban areas?

Cities primarily offer cultural benefits, with economic opportunities being a secondary consideration for migrants.

Alienation and increased cost of living are among the harmful social phenomena associated with an urban way of life.

Rural flight is a minor factor in urbanization, as most rural inhabitants prefer to remain in agricultural settings.

Agglomeration effects refer to the disadvantages that arise from the concentration of people and economic activities in one place.

Eric Hobsbawm noted that urban development in the early 19th century led to a decrease in class segregation, fostering more integrated communities.

In less developed countries, rapid urban development often alleviates inequality by creating abundant affordable housing and jobs for all migrants.

Think tanks like the Overseas Development Institute propose policies that discourage labor-intensive industries to manage urban growth.

Historically, crime and urbanization have been linked because urban areas provide greater availability of goods and make committing crimes more feasible.

Migration into urbanized areas always leads to increased social cohesion and lower crime rates.

The 'urban bias theory' suggests that the urban sector in poor countries tends to win most struggles with the countryside due to its greater power and organization.

Water stress in urban areas is often exacerbated by slum development and a lack of basic infrastructure.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a cultural or economic benefit of living in a city?

What is a significant contributing factor to urbanization, driven by rural inhabitants seeking economic opportunities?

What are "agglomeration effects" in the context of cities?

According to Eric Hobsbawm, what was a major consequence of urban development between 1789 and 1848?

What is a common problem arising in less developed countries due to rapid urban development and inequality?

What is a historical factor linking crime to urbanization?

How can migration influence crime rates in urbanized areas?

What does the 'urban bias theory' promoted by Michael Lipton suggest about class conflict in poor countries?

What factors contribute to water stress in urban areas?

Current urbanization trends consistently lead to sustainable ways of living, making urban resilience less of a policy concern.

Stewart Brand argues that urbanization has primarily negative environmental effects due to increased population density.

A 2013 UN report warned that increased food production would be unnecessary by 2050 despite population growth, due to urban efficiencies.

Urban heat islands are formed because cities have more vegetation and exposed soil than rural areas, which helps absorb heat.

Urban runoff is typically treated before it discharges into nearby water bodies, minimizing environmental contamination.

Eutrophication is a process that leads to high oxygen levels and prevents algal blooms in water bodies.

Ocean acidification is caused by the ocean's absorption of human-produced CO2, which lowers the water's pH and can harm shell-building marine life.

Increased food waste in urban areas primarily contributes to public health improvements by reducing fermentation.

Habitat fragmentation completely destroys natural habitats, preventing any species from surviving in urbanized regions.

What significant opportunity does urbanization present for sustainability, despite its challenges?

How are urban heat islands primarily formed?

What is the primary impact of urban runoff on water quality?

What is a key characteristic of eutrophication, as described in the source?

How does ocean acidification primarily affect marine life, according to the source?

What is one of the public health concerns associated with increased food waste in urban areas?

What is habitat fragmentation?

In Thailand, urbanization has led to a decrease in obesity problems due to improved access to healthier food options.

In the developing world, urbanization consistently leads to a significant increase in life expectancy for all residents.

Rural populations migrating to urban areas typically maintain their traditional plant-based diets, which are rich in grains and low in fat.

Food deserts in developed countries are areas with abundant access to supermarkets and fresh produce.

Urbanization is associated with a lower risk of under-nutrition but a higher risk of being overweight in children.

Higher population density in urban areas creates a favorable environment for the rapid transmission of communicable diseases.

Exposure to ambient air pollutants like NO2 and PM2.5 in urban areas can increase children's risk of developing asthma.

Rural residents in the United States tend to engage in more physical activity than urban residents due to greater access to open spaces.

Urban environmental characteristics like sidewalks and nearby fitness venues promote physical activity.

How has urbanization impacted diet and health in Thailand?

In the developing world, what is the general trend regarding life expectancy in poor urban areas like slums?

What dietary shift is commonly observed when rural populations migrate to urban areas?

What are "food deserts" in developed countries associated with?

How does urbanization influence the risk of under-nutrition and overweight in children?

Why is urbanization linked to the spread of communicable diseases?

Which air pollutants are specifically linked to asthma development in urban areas, according to the source?

What is a surprising positive effect of urbanization on physical activity levels?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a barrier hindering physical activity in rural environments?

What macro-level social factor related to urbanization contributes to mental health issues?

Urbanization can occur organically through individual actions or through planned initiatives by the state.

Overurbanization occurs when the rate of economic development outpaces the rate of urbanization in a country.

Suburbanization is the inward shift of residential areas towards city centers.

Planned urbanization is primarily motivated by organic population shifts rather than deliberate design.

New Urbanism and Smart Growth principles aim to decrease automobile dependency and promote localized economies.

Re-urbanization in the United States was primarily caused by decreasing transport costs, making suburban living less appealing.

Walkable communities contribute to economic sustainability by having a higher average GDP per capita.

What are the two main ways urbanization occurs, as described in the source?

What is "overurbanization"?

What new forms of urban concentration has suburbanization led to?

What are the primary motivations for "planned urbanization"?

What was the primary cause of 're-urbanization' in the United States as of 2011?

Which of the following is a key component of landscape infrastructure that landscape planners are responsible for?

How do walkable communities contribute to economic sustainability?