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Study Guide: Victoria County, Texas: History, Demographics, and Governance

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Victoria County, Texas: History, Demographics, and Governance Study Guide

Early History and Colonization (Pre-1836)

Fort St. Louis, an early French presence in Victoria County, was established in 1685 by Sieur de La Salle.

Answer: True

Explanation: René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, established Fort St. Louis in the Victoria County area in 1685, marking an early French presence.

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The Guadalupe River was named by Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés in honor of a local indigenous deity.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Guadalupe River was named by Alonso de Leon in 1689 in honor of Our Lady of Guadalupe, a significant religious figure in Mexican culture, not an indigenous deity.

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Martín De León's colony in Victoria County was unique because it was the only primarily Mexican colony in Texas and initiated the Texas Cattle Industry.

Answer: True

Explanation: Martín De León's colony was indeed unique as the only primarily Mexican colony in Texas and is credited with initiating the Texas Cattle Industry.

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The first Spanish settlement in Victoria County, consisting of a presidio and a mission, was established in 1722.

Answer: True

Explanation: The first Spanish settlement, comprising Nuestra Señora de Loreto Presidio and Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga, was established in Victoria County in 1722.

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Which European explorer established Fort St. Louis in the Victoria County area in 1685?

Answer: René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle

Explanation: René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, established Fort St. Louis in the Victoria County area in 1685.

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What was the primary reason Martín De León's colony in Victoria County was considered unique?

Answer: It was the only primarily Mexican colony in Texas.

Explanation: Martín De León's colony was unique as it was the only primarily Mexican colony in Texas and also initiated the Texas Cattle Industry.

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When was the first Spanish settlement, consisting of a presidio and a mission, established in Victoria County?

Answer: 1722

Explanation: The first Spanish settlement in Victoria County, consisting of a presidio and a mission, was established in 1722.

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Which of the following indigenous groups was NOT mentioned as inhabiting the area of modern-day Victoria County before European arrival?

Answer: Cherokee

Explanation: The indigenous groups mentioned as inhabiting the area were Tonkawa, Aranamas, Tamiques, Karankawa, Tawakoni, Lipan Apache, and Comanche. Cherokee was not mentioned.

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By whom and when was the Guadalupe River named?

Answer: Alonso de Leon in 1689

Explanation: The Guadalupe River was named by Alonso de Leon in 1689.

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Texas Revolution and 19th Century Development (1836-1900)

Victoria County was formed in 1836 and named after Queen Victoria of England.

Answer: False

Explanation: Victoria County was indeed formed in 1836, but it was named in honor of Guadalupe Victoria, the first President of Mexico, not Queen Victoria of England.

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After the Texas Revolution in 1836, Victoria's Mexican settlers were welcomed by new American arrivals due to their support for the revolution.

Answer: False

Explanation: Despite supporting the revolution, Victoria's Mexican settlers were ostracized and forced to flee by new American arrivals who wrongly profiled them as Mexican sympathizers.

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In 1836, General Sam Houston commanded approximately 3,000 Texas Army troops near Spring Creek in Victoria County.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 1836, approximately 3,000 Texas Army troops were encamped near Spring Creek in Victoria County, but they were under the command of General Thomas J. Rusk, not General Sam Houston.

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Coletoville, a community in Victoria County, was established in 1850 by a French immigrant.

Answer: False

Explanation: Coletoville was established in Victoria County in 1850 by German immigrant Carl Steiner, not a French immigrant.

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By 1860, Victoria County had a slave population exceeding 1,400 individuals.

Answer: True

Explanation: As of 1860, Victoria County had a slave population of 1,413 individuals, which exceeds 1,400.

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Victoria County residents voted overwhelmingly against secession from the Union in 1861.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 1861, Victoria County residents voted 318–88 in favor of secession from the Union, indicating strong support for secession, not against it.

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During the Civil War, Confederate General John B. Magruder destroyed the railroad from Port Lavaca to Victoria and obstructed the Guadalupe River to prevent Union access.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 1863, Confederate General John B. Magruder took these strategic actions to hinder Union movements in Victoria County.

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The Texas Continental Meat Company, established in 1883, was the largest meat packing plant in Texas, located in Victoria County.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Texas Continental Meat Company, established in Victoria County in 1883, was indeed the largest meat packing plant in Texas.

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In 1842, Mexican forces led by Rafael Vásquez and Adrián Woll invaded Victoria County.

Answer: True

Explanation: Rafael Vásquez and Adrián Woll led Mexican forces in an invasion into Victoria County in 1842.

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The first toll bridge in Victoria County was built in 1851 by G. B. Amery and John Bray.

Answer: False

Explanation: Victoria County's first toll bridge was erected in 1851 by Richard Owens and Sylvester Sutton. G. B. Amery and John Bray established Bray's Ferry in 1886.

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Who was Victoria County named in honor of when it was formed in 1836?

Answer: Guadalupe Victoria, the first President of Mexico

Explanation: Victoria County was named in honor of Guadalupe Victoria, the first President of Mexico, upon its formation in 1836.

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How were Victoria's Mexican settlers treated after the Texas Revolution in 1836, despite their support for the revolution?

Answer: They were ostracized and forced to flee the area by new American arrivals.

Explanation: Despite their support for the revolution, Victoria's Mexican settlers were ostracized by new American arrivals and forced to flee the area.

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Who commanded the approximately 3,000 Texas Army troops encamped near Spring Creek in Victoria County in 1836?

Answer: General Thomas J. Rusk

Explanation: In 1836, General Thomas J. Rusk commanded the approximately 3,000 Texas Army troops encamped near Spring Creek in Victoria County.

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What was the slave population in Victoria County in 1860?

Answer: 1,413

Explanation: As of 1860, Victoria County had a slave population of 1,413 individuals.

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What was the outcome of Victoria County residents' vote on secession from the Union in 1861?

Answer: They voted 318–88 in favor of secession.

Explanation: In 1861, Victoria County residents voted 318–88 in favor of secession from the Union.

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Which Confederate General took strategic actions in Victoria County in 1863, including destroying a railroad and obstructing the Guadalupe River?

Answer: General John B. Magruder

Explanation: Confederate General John B. Magruder destroyed the railroad from Port Lavaca to Victoria and obstructed the Guadalupe River in 1863.

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When was the Texas Continental Meat Company, the largest meat packing plant in Texas, established in Victoria County?

Answer: 1883

Explanation: The Texas Continental Meat Company, the largest meat packing plant in Texas, was established in Victoria County in 1883.

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Which railway connected Victoria with Cuero and the coast in 1873?

Answer: Gulf, Western Texas and Pacific Railway

Explanation: The Gulf, Western Texas and Pacific Railway connected Victoria with Cuero and the coast in 1873.

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Who established Victoria County's first toll bridge in 1851?

Answer: Richard Owens and Sylvester Sutton

Explanation: Victoria County's first toll bridge was erected in 1851 by Richard Owens and Sylvester Sutton.

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What was the notable act of violence during the federal occupation of Victoria County (1867-1869)?

Answer: The axing death and corpse mutilation of Benjamin F. Hill

Explanation: During the federal occupation of Victoria County (1867-1869), mob violence by federal troops resulted in the axing death and corpse mutilation of local official Benjamin F. Hill.

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20th Century Economic and Military Development (1901-2000)

By 1930, Victoria County was notable for both the discovery of oil at the McFaddin Oil Field and holding more cattle than any other county in Texas.

Answer: True

Explanation: By 1930, Victoria County had experienced the discovery of oil at the McFaddin Oil Field and maintained its agricultural prominence by holding more cattle than any other county in Texas.

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Foster Air Force Base was originally established in 1941 as Victoria Naval Air Station.

Answer: False

Explanation: Foster Air Force Base was established in 1941 as Victoria Army Air Field, not Victoria Naval Air Station.

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The Victoria Barge Canal, completed in 1967, connected Victoria County directly to the Gulf of Mexico.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Victoria Barge Canal, completed in 1967, connected Victoria County with the Intracoastal Waterway, not directly to the Gulf of Mexico.

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The Guadalupe River Navigation Company was founded in 1906, twenty years after Bray's Ferry was established.

Answer: True

Explanation: Bray's Ferry was established in 1886, and the Guadalupe River Navigation Company was founded in 1906, exactly twenty years later.

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What two significant economic developments characterized Victoria County by 1930?

Answer: Oil discovery at McFaddin Oil Field and holding more cattle than any other Texas county.

Explanation: By 1930, Victoria County was characterized by the discovery of oil at the McFaddin Oil Field and its distinction of holding more cattle than any other Texas county.

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What was the original name of Foster Air Force Base when it was established in 1941?

Answer: Victoria Army Air Field

Explanation: Foster Air Force Base was originally established in 1941 as Victoria Army Air Field.

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In what year was the Victoria Barge Canal completed, connecting Victoria County with the Intracoastal Waterway?

Answer: 1967

Explanation: The Victoria Barge Canal was completed in 1967, connecting Victoria County with the Intracoastal Waterway.

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Geography and Infrastructure

Victoria County's total geographical area is approximately 889 square miles, with less than 1% of that area covered by water.

Answer: True

Explanation: Victoria County has a total area of 889 square miles (2,300 km²), with 0.8% of that area covered by water, which is less than 1%.

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US 59, US 77, and US 87 are among the major highways serving Victoria County.

Answer: True

Explanation: US 59, US 77, and US 87 are indeed listed as major highways serving Victoria County, along with Future I-69, Future I-69W, and Future I-69E.

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Victoria County is bordered by six other counties, including Lavaca to the north and Refugio to the south.

Answer: True

Explanation: Victoria County is bordered by six counties: Lavaca (north), Jackson (northeast), Calhoun (southeast), Refugio (south), Goliad (southwest), and DeWitt (northwest).

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The Victoria metropolitan statistical area defines a region with a high degree of economic and social integration for Victoria County.

Answer: True

Explanation: Victoria County is included in the Victoria metropolitan statistical area, which is defined by its high degree of economic and social integration.

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What is the total geographical area of Victoria County?

Answer: 889 square miles (2,300 km²)

Explanation: Victoria County has a total geographical area of 889 square miles (2,300 km²).

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Which of the following is NOT listed as a major highway serving Victoria County?

Answer: I-10

Explanation: The major highways listed as serving Victoria County are Future I-69, Future I-69W, Future I-69E, US 59, US 77, and US 87. I-10 is not listed.

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Which county borders Victoria County to the northeast?

Answer: Jackson County

Explanation: Victoria County is bordered by Jackson County to the northeast.

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Demographics and Socioeconomics (2000-Present)

The 2020 United States census recorded Victoria County's population as slightly over 90,000 people.

Answer: True

Explanation: The 2020 United States census reported Victoria County's population as 91,319 people, which is slightly over 90,000.

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In 2000, the majority of Victoria County's population identified as Hispanic or Latino.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 2000, approximately 39.20% of Victoria County's population identified as Hispanic or Latino, which was not the majority.

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The non-Hispanic White population percentage in Victoria County increased between 2000 and 2020.

Answer: False

Explanation: The non-Hispanic White population percentage in Victoria County decreased from 52.91% in 2000 to 43.07% in 2020.

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The average household size in Victoria County in 2000 was larger than the average family size.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 2000, the average household size was 2.75 individuals, while the average family size was 3.23 individuals, meaning family size was larger.

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In 2000, English was spoken as a first language by less than 70% of Victoria County's population.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 2000, English was spoken as a first language by 73.3% of Victoria County's population, which is more than 70%.

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In 2000, Victoria County's per capita income was less than $15,000.

Answer: False

Explanation: The per capita income for Victoria County in 2000 was $18,379, which is greater than $15,000.

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What was the population of Victoria County, Texas, according to the 2020 United States census?

Answer: 91,319 people

Explanation: The 2020 United States census reported Victoria County's total population as 91,319 people.

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According to the 2000 census, what percentage of Victoria County's population identified as Hispanic or Latino?

Answer: Approximately 39.20%

Explanation: In the 2000 census, approximately 39.20% of Victoria County's population identified as Hispanic or Latino.

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How did the non-Hispanic White population percentage in Victoria County change between 2000 and 2020?

Answer: It decreased from 52.91% to 43.07%.

Explanation: The non-Hispanic White population percentage in Victoria County decreased from 52.91% in 2000 to 43.07% in 2020.

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What was the median age of the population in Victoria County in 2000?

Answer: 34 years

Explanation: The median age of the population in Victoria County in 2000 was 34 years.

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In 2000, what was the approximate percentage of families in Victoria County living below the poverty line?

Answer: 10.50%

Explanation: In 2000, approximately 10.50% of families in Victoria County were living below the poverty line.

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What was the per capita income in Victoria County in 2000?

Answer: $18,379

Explanation: The per capita income for Victoria County in 2000 was $18,379.

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In 2000, what was the most commonly reported ancestry in Victoria County?

Answer: German

Explanation: According to the 2000 census, the most commonly reported ancestry in Victoria County was German (16.2%).

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In 2020, how many households were recorded in Victoria County?

Answer: 32,520

Explanation: In the 2020 United States census, Victoria County had 32,520 households.

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What was the population density of Victoria County in the year 2000?

Answer: 95 people per square mile

Explanation: According to the 2000 census, the population density of Victoria County was 95 people per square mile.

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What was the median household income in Victoria County in 2000?

Answer: $38,732

Explanation: In 2000, the median income for a household in Victoria County was $38,732.

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Governance, Politics, and Education

The current County Judge of Victoria County, Ben Zeller, is affiliated with the Democratic Party.

Answer: False

Explanation: The current County Judge of Victoria County, Ben Zeller, is affiliated with the Republican Party.

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The Republican presidential candidate received over 70% of the vote in Victoria County in both the 1972 and 1984 elections.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Republican presidential candidate received 72.56% in 1972 and 72.41% in 1984, both exceeding 70%.

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The city of Victoria is the only incorporated city within Victoria County.

Answer: True

Explanation: Victoria is indeed the only incorporated city within Victoria County, also serving as its county seat.

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Texas A&M University–Victoria is a community college that serves the entire Victoria County area.

Answer: False

Explanation: Texas A&M University–Victoria is a four-year public university, while Victoria College is the community college serving the area.

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The Victoria Independent School District is the only school district serving Victoria County residents.

Answer: False

Explanation: Several school districts serve Victoria County residents, including Bloomington, Industrial, Meyersville, Nursery, Refugio, and Victoria Independent School Districts.

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The highest Democratic presidential vote percentage in Victoria County between 1912 and 2024 was recorded in 1932, exceeding 90%.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Democratic presidential candidate's highest vote percentage in Victoria County between 1912 and 2024 was 93.44% in 1932, which exceeds 90%.

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The city of Victoria serves as the administrative center for Victoria County, housing the main courthouse and official county offices.

Answer: True

Explanation: The city of Victoria is the county seat and serves as the administrative center, housing the main courthouse and other official county offices.

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Who is the current County Judge of Victoria County and what is their political affiliation?

Answer: Ben Zeller, Republican Party

Explanation: The current County Judge of Victoria County is Ben Zeller, who is affiliated with the Republican Party.

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What was the highest vote percentage achieved by a Republican presidential candidate in Victoria County between 1912 and 2024?

Answer: 72.56% in 1972

Explanation: The Republican presidential candidate achieved their highest vote percentage in Victoria County between 1912 and 2024 in 1972, with 72.56%.

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What is the only incorporated city within Victoria County?

Answer: Victoria

Explanation: The only incorporated city within Victoria County is Victoria.

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Which of the following is a census-designated place (CDP) in Victoria County?

Answer: Bloomington

Explanation: Bloomington is listed as one of the census-designated places (CDPs) in Victoria County.

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What was the highest vote percentage a Democratic presidential candidate received in Victoria County between 1912 and 2024?

Answer: 93.44% in 1932

Explanation: The Democratic presidential candidate's highest vote percentage in Victoria County between 1912 and 2024 was 93.44% in 1932.

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Which of the following school districts serves Victoria County residents?

Answer: Bloomington Independent School District

Explanation: Bloomington Independent School District is one of the school districts serving Victoria County residents.

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What percentage of the vote did the Republican candidate receive in Victoria County during the 2024 United States presidential election?

Answer: 70.84%

Explanation: In the 2024 United States presidential election, the Republican candidate received 70.84% of the vote in Victoria County.

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