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The voiceless palatal affricate is produced with vocal cord vibration.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'voiceless' explicitly indicates that the sound is produced without vocal cord vibration.
The voiceless palatal affricate is characterized by a hissing or whistling sound (sibilance).
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is explicitly described as non-sibilant, meaning it does not produce the characteristic hissing or whistling sound associated with sibilant consonants.
An affricate is a consonant that starts as a stop and releases through a narrow passage creating friction.
Answer: True
Explanation: An affricate is defined by its two-part articulation: an initial complete closure (stop) followed by a slow release into a narrow constriction, producing audible friction.
The voiceless palatal affricate is characterized by a complete stop of airflow followed by a nasal release.
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is characterized by a complete stop of airflow followed by a turbulent release through a narrow channel, not a nasal release.
The voiceless palatal affricate is considered an oral consonant because air passes through the nose.
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is considered an oral consonant, meaning airflow is directed exclusively through the mouth, not through the nose.
The term 'affricate' implies a sound that is purely a stop or purely a fricative.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'affricate' implies a sound that combines features of both a stop (initial closure) and a fricative (release through a narrow channel), not that it is purely one or the other.
The voiceless palatal affricate is considered a sibilant sound.
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is explicitly described as non-sibilant, meaning it does not produce the characteristic hissing or whistling sound of sibilants.
The source defines the voiceless palatal affricate as a sound produced by pushing air out of the nose.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source defines the voiceless palatal affricate as a sound produced by pushing air out of the mouth, not the nose.
What does the term 'voiceless' mean in phonetics?
Answer: The sound is produced without vocal cord vibration.
Explanation: A 'voiceless' sound is produced without any vibration of the vocal cords. The vocal cords are held apart or relaxed, allowing air to pass through without buzzing.
What is the defining feature of the 'affricate' manner of articulation?
Answer: A complete stop of airflow followed by a turbulent release through a narrow channel.
Explanation: The defining feature of an affricate is its two-part articulation: an initial complete closure (stop) followed by a slow release into a narrow constriction, creating friction.
What does the term 'oral consonant' mean?
Answer: The sound involves airflow directed exclusively through the mouth.
Explanation: An 'oral consonant' is produced with the primary airflow directed through the oral cavity, as opposed to nasal consonants where air also exits through the nasal passage.
What is the voiceless palatal affricate explicitly described as NOT being?
Answer: Sibilant
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is explicitly described as being non-sibilant, meaning it does not produce a hissing or whistling sound.
The IPA symbol 'kx' is used to represent the voiceless palatal affricate.
Answer: False
Explanation: The IPA symbol 'kx' represents the voiceless velar affricate, not the voiceless palatal affricate.
The IPA symbol c͜ç indicates a single affricate sound.
Answer: True
Explanation: The IPA symbol c͜ç, featuring a tie bar connecting the two parts, specifically indicates a single affricate sound.
The IPA symbol cç represents the voiced palatal affricate.
Answer: False
Explanation: The IPA symbol cç (or c͜ç) represents the voiceless palatal affricate. The voiced palatal affricate is represented by ɲdʒ.
The X-SAMPA representation for the voiceless palatal affricate is 'cc'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The X-SAMPA representation for the voiceless palatal affricate is 'c_C', not 'cc'.
The IPA number assigned to the voiceless palatal affricate is 107.
Answer: True
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is assigned IPA number 107, serving as a numerical identifier within the International Phonetic Alphabet system.
The voiceless palatal affricate is located in the 'Velar' column of the IPA consonant chart.
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is located in the 'Palatal' column of the IPA consonant chart, not the 'Velar' column.
The IPA symbol tɕ represents the voiceless palatal affricate.
Answer: False
Explanation: The IPA symbol tɕ represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate, not the voiceless palatal affricate.
The IPA symbol cç can sometimes be written without a tie bar.
Answer: True
Explanation: The IPA symbol for the voiceless palatal affricate, cç, may sometimes be written without the connecting tie bar, appearing simply as cç.
The IPA symbol cç is the only representation for the voiceless palatal affricate.
Answer: False
Explanation: While cç is a primary IPA symbol, it can also be written with a tie bar as c͜ç, and other notations like X-SAMPA exist.
Which IPA symbol is primarily used to represent the voiceless palatal affricate?
Answer: cç
Explanation: The primary IPA symbol used to represent the voiceless palatal affricate is 'cç', sometimes written with a tie bar as 'c͜ç'.
What is the IPA symbol for the voiced palatal affricate mentioned in the source?
Answer: ɟʝ
Explanation: The IPA symbol for the voiced palatal affricate is ɟʝ.
What is the X-SAMPA representation for the voiceless palatal affricate?
Answer: c_C
Explanation: The X-SAMPA representation for the voiceless palatal affricate is 'c_C'.
The IPA number 107 is assigned to which sound?
Answer: Voiceless palatal affricate
Explanation: The IPA number 107 is assigned to the voiceless palatal affricate, serving as a numerical identifier within the International Phonetic Alphabet system.
What does the tie bar in IPA symbols like c͜ç signify?
Answer: It links two symbols representing a single affricate sound.
Explanation: The tie bar in IPA symbols, such as in 'c͜ç', signifies that the two phonetic symbols are part of a single affricate sound, linking the stop and fricative components.
What is the purpose of the IPA number assigned to phonetic sounds?
Answer: To provide a numerical identifier for classification and referencing.
Explanation: IPA numbers, such as 107 for the voiceless palatal affricate, serve as numerical identifiers for phonetic sounds, facilitating classification and referencing within the International Phonetic Alphabet system.
The 'palatal' place of articulation involves raising the back of the tongue towards the soft palate (velum).
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'palatal' place of articulation involves raising the middle or back of the tongue towards the hard palate, not the soft palate (velum).
The airstream mechanism for the voiceless palatal affricate is typically ejective.
Answer: False
Explanation: The airstream mechanism for the voiceless palatal affricate is typically pulmonic, meaning the airflow originates from the lungs.
The voiceless palatal affricate is always produced with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge.
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate involves the middle or back of the tongue approaching the hard palate, not the tongue tip against the alveolar ridge.
The term 'post-palatal' refers to articulation occurring slightly in front of the hard palate.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'post-palatal' refers to articulation occurring slightly behind the primary palatal position, moving towards the velar region.
A 'pulmonic' airstream mechanism means air is expelled from the lungs.
Answer: True
Explanation: A pulmonic airstream mechanism signifies that the airflow used to produce the sound originates from the lungs, which is the most common mechanism for speech sounds.
The voiceless palatal affricate is primarily articulated using the lips.
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is articulated using the tongue against the hard palate, not the lips.
The voiceless post-palatal affricate is articulated further back in the mouth than a typical velar consonant.
Answer: False
Explanation: A post-palatal articulation occurs slightly behind the primary palatal position but not as far back as a typical velar consonant.
The voiceless palatal affricate is always produced with the middle of the tongue raised.
Answer: False
Explanation: The palatal articulation involves raising the middle or back of the tongue towards the hard palate; it is not exclusively the middle of the tongue, nor is it always a fixed 'raised' state but rather an approximation.
What is the primary characteristic of the 'palatal' place of articulation?
Answer: Raising the middle or back of the tongue towards the hard palate.
Explanation: The 'palatal' place of articulation involves raising the middle or back portion of the tongue towards the hard palate, the bony roof of the mouth.
Which of the following is an alternative term for a post-palatal articulation mentioned in the source?
Answer: Front-velar
Explanation: Alternative terms for a post-palatal articulation include 'front-velar', 'palato-velar', and 'retracted palatal', indicating a position slightly behind the primary palatal region.
Which of the following is NOT an alternative term for a post-palatal affricate mentioned in the source?
Answer: Post-alveolar
Explanation: Terms like 'post-alveolar' are not listed as alternative terms for a post-palatal articulation; rather, terms such as 'front-velar' or 'palato-velar' are used.
What is the airstream mechanism typically used for the voiceless palatal affricate?
Answer: Pulmonic
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate, like most speech sounds, typically utilizes a pulmonic airstream mechanism, meaning the air is expelled from the lungs.
The voiceless palatal affricate is described as being articulated slightly further back in the mouth than the hard palate, but not as far back as a typical velar consonant. What is this articulation called?
Answer: Post-palatal
Explanation: This articulation, occurring behind the primary palatal position but before the velar position, is termed 'post-palatal'.
What is the primary characteristic of the voiceless palatal affricate's articulation?
Answer: The middle or back of the tongue approaches the hard palate.
Explanation: The primary characteristic of the voiceless palatal affricate's articulation is the approximation of the middle or back of the tongue towards the hard palate.
Hungarian and Skolt Sami are languages where the voiceless palatal affricate is found.
Answer: True
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate occurs in languages such as Hungarian and Skolt Sami, although it is generally considered a rare sound.
The voiceless palatal affricate is considered a very common sound across most European languages.
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is generally considered a rare sound, particularly in Europe, with notable exceptions in specific language families.
In standard Albanian, the letter 'q' typically represents the voiceless palatal affricate.
Answer: True
Explanation: The letter 'q' in standard Albanian is used to represent the voiceless palatal affricate.
In Dutch, the voiceless palatal affricate appears as an allophone of /k/ before the semivowel /j/.
Answer: True
Explanation: In Dutch, the voiceless palatal affricate functions as a post-palatal allophone of the phoneme /k/ when it occurs before the semivowel /j/.
The voiceless palatal affricate is typically found in languages like English and French.
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is not typically found in English or French; it is more common in languages like Hungarian and Skolt Sami.
In Korean, the voiceless palatal affricate is an allophone of the phoneme /t/.
Answer: False
Explanation: In Korean, the voiceless palatal affricate is an allophone of the phoneme /k/, not /t/, occurring before front vowels or the semivowel /j/.
In Makassarese, the voiceless palatal affricate is an allophone of the phoneme /c/.
Answer: True
Explanation: In Makassarese, the voiceless palatal affricate occurs as an allophone of the phoneme /c/.
In the Tirunelveli Tamil dialect, the medial Tamil letter ச can be realized as a voiceless palatal affricate.
Answer: True
Explanation: In certain Tamil dialects, such as Tirunelveli Tamil, the medial Tamil letter ச can be realized as a voiceless palatal affricate.
In the Navajo language, the voiceless palatal affricate can be an allophone of /k/.
Answer: True
Explanation: In Navajo, the voiceless palatal affricate occurs as an allophone of the phoneme /k/ when it precedes the front vowels /i/ and /e/.
The IPA transcription for the Norwegian word 'ikkje' (not) is [ic͡çə].
Answer: True
Explanation: The IPA transcription for the Norwegian word 'ikkje' is provided as [ic͡çə].
The voiceless palatal affricate is typically found in languages that use the Cyrillic alphabet.
Answer: False
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate is not typically found in languages that primarily use the Cyrillic alphabet; its occurrence is more noted in languages using Latin or other scripts.
In the Kaingang language, the phoneme /tɕ/ can be realized as a voiceless palatal affricate.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the Kaingang language, the phoneme /tɕ/ can be realized as a voiceless palatal affricate, particularly in word-initial positions.
The source provides a comprehensive list of all languages featuring the voiceless palatal affricate.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source mentions the PHOIBLE website as a resource for lists of languages featuring the voiceless palatal affricate, implying it does not contain a fully comprehensive list itself.
The voiceless palatal affricate is found in some Albanian dialects as [c].
Answer: True
Explanation: In certain Albanian dialects, specifically some Tosk varieties, the voiceless palatal affricate may be pronounced as [c].
In which languages is the voiceless palatal affricate commonly found, according to the source?
Answer: Hungarian and Skolt Sami
Explanation: The voiceless palatal affricate occurs in languages such as Hungarian and Skolt Sami, although it is generally considered a rare sound.
In standard Albanian, which letter typically represents the voiceless palatal affricate?
Answer: q
Explanation: The letter 'q' in standard Albanian is used to represent the voiceless palatal affricate.
In which language does the voiceless palatal affricate appear as an allophone of /k/ before /j/?
Answer: Dutch
Explanation: In Dutch, the voiceless palatal affricate functions as a post-palatal allophone of the phoneme /k/ when it occurs before the semivowel /j/.
In the Kaingang language, what phoneme can be realized as a voiceless palatal affricate?
Answer: /tɕ/
Explanation: In the Kaingang language, the phoneme /tɕ/ can be realized as a voiceless palatal affricate, particularly in word-initial positions.
In the Tirunelveli Tamil dialect, what sound can the medial Tamil letter ச be realized as?
Answer: A voiceless palatal affricate
Explanation: In certain Tamil dialects, such as Tirunelveli Tamil, the medial Tamil letter ச can be realized as a voiceless palatal affricate.
What is the IPA transcription for the Norwegian word 'ikkje' (not)?
Answer: [ic͡çə]
Explanation: The IPA transcription for the Norwegian word 'ikkje' is provided as [ic͡çə].
In the Navajo language, when does the voiceless palatal affricate occur as an allophone of /k/?
Answer: Before the front vowels /i/ and /e/
Explanation: In Navajo, the voiceless palatal affricate occurs as an allophone of /k/ when it precedes the front vowels /i/ and /e/.
What does the source suggest about the presence of the voiceless palatal affricate in Uralic languages?
Answer: It is found in Uralic languages, which are notable exceptions.
Explanation: The source indicates that the voiceless palatal affricate is found in Uralic languages, noting these as notable exceptions to its general rarity.
What is the IPA transcription for the Skolt Sami word 'sääméiõll' (Skolt Sami)?
Answer: [ɕa̟ːmʰʲc͡çjɘlː]
Explanation: The IPA transcription for the Skolt Sami word 'sääméiõll' is provided as [ɕa̟ːmʰʲc͡çjɘlː].
What is the IPA transcription for the Asturian word 'muyyer' (woman)?
Answer: [muˈc͡çeɾ]
Explanation: The IPA transcription for the Asturian word 'muyyer' is provided as [muˈc͡çeɾ].
In which dialectal variation of Albanian might the voiceless palatal affricate be pronounced as [c]?
Answer: Tosk Albanian
Explanation: In certain Tosk Albanian varieties, the voiceless palatal affricate may be pronounced as [c].
What is the IPA transcription for the Dutch word 'koekje' (diminutive of biscuit)?
Answer: [ˈkuc̠͡ç̠jø̜]
Explanation: The IPA transcription for the Dutch word 'koekje' is provided as [ˈkuc̠͡ç̠jø̜].