The Vulgate, a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible, was primarily the work of Saint Jerome.

Saint Jerome was commissioned by Pope Leo X to revise the existing Latin Gospels.

Jerome's initial commission involved revising the *Vetus Latina* text of the four Gospels using Greek manuscripts.

Jerome translated all the Old Testament books of the Vulgate directly from Hebrew.

Jerome translated the books of Tobit and Judith from Greek manuscripts.

Saint Jerome strongly preferred the Greek Septuagint translation over the Hebrew original for the Old Testament.

Jerome adopted the 'Western' order of Gospels (Matthew, John, Luke, Mark) in his Vulgate revision.

Jerome utilized the *per cola et commata* technique to visually separate clauses and improve readability.

Augustine of Hippo praised Jerome's translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew.

Who commissioned Saint Jerome in 382 AD to revise the Latin Gospels?

What is the primary language from which Jerome translated most of the Old Testament books for the Vulgate?

What term describes Jerome's preference for the original Hebrew text of the Old Testament over the Greek Septuagint?

Which order of Gospels did Jerome adopt in the Vulgate, differing from the 'Western' order common in *Vetus Latina* texts?

What layout technique did Jerome employ to enhance the readability of the Vulgate text?

What did Augustine of Hippo acknowledge about Jerome's translation work?

Which of the following is NOT a language Jerome translated Old Testament books from for the Vulgate, according to the source?

What did Jerome's *Prologus Galeatus* state about the Old Testament canon?

The entire Vulgate translation is solely the work of Saint Jerome, with no other texts incorporated.

Jerome used an obelus (dagger mark) to distinguish additions to the Books of Daniel and Esther from the main text.

The *Codex Amiatinus* is the earliest surviving manuscript containing the complete Vulgate Bible.

Alcuin of York was primarily responsible for adding the Book of Baruch to the Vulgate.

Theodulf of Orleans' Bible edition included the Book of Baruch, which was later incorporated into the Vulgate.

By the 9th century, the *Vetus Latina* had largely replaced the Vulgate as the standard Latin Bible.

The Gospels in the *Codex Fuldensis* follow the same order and text as Jerome's Vulgate revision.

Which of the following books was included in the Vulgate as a *Vetus Latina* translation that Jerome did NOT revise?

What symbol did Jerome use to mark textual additions in the Books of Daniel and Esther in his translation?

Which manuscript, dating from the 8th century, is considered the earliest surviving copy of the complete Vulgate Bible?

Who was the key figure responsible for overseeing a revised Latin Bible edition presented to Charlemagne in 801?

What significant addition did Theodulf of Orleans make to his Bible edition that later became part of the Vulgate?

What unique characteristic regarding the Gospels is found in the *Codex Fuldensis*?

The Vulgate became the standard Bible text in the Western Church by the 13th century, replacing older texts.

The term 'Vulgata' was first used to refer to Jerome's translation in the early 4th century.

The Catholic Church officially affirmed the Vulgate as its authoritative Latin Bible at the Council of Florence.

The Sixtine Vulgate, issued in 1590, was the first official Bible edition recommended by the Council of Trent.

The Clementine Vulgate, published in 1592, became the standard Bible text for the Roman Rite until 1979.

Pope Pius XII declared the Vulgate to be juridically authentic, meaning it was free from error in matters of faith and morals.

The Council of Trent declared the Vulgate 'authentic' based solely on its critical accuracy compared to original languages.

By which century was the Vulgate commonly referred to as the 'version commonly used' (*versio vulgata*)?

Which ecumenical council officially affirmed the Vulgate as the authoritative Latin Bible of the Catholic Church?

According to the source, when was the term 'Vulgata' first known to be used for Jerome's translation?

Which Pope declared in the encyclical *Divino Afflante Spiritu* that the Vulgate was free from error in matters of faith and morals?

The *Nova Vulgata* is a critical edition of the historical Vulgate based on Jerome's original manuscripts.

*Correctoria* were lists of approved readings used in the late medieval period to standardize Vulgate manuscripts.

Robert Stephanus's 1555 edition was the first complete Bible to include full chapter and verse divisions.

The *Stuttgart Vulgate* is a critical edition of the complete Vulgate, considered a standard scholarly resource.

What was the significance of Robert Estienne's 1538 Latin Bible edition?

What is the *Nova Vulgata*?

In the context of late medieval Vulgate manuscripts, what were *correctoria*?

What innovation characterized Robert Stephanus's 1555 edition of the Vulgate?

What was the primary goal of the Oxford University Press's critical edition of the Vulgate New Testament?

The *Sixtine Vulgate* (1590) was eventually replaced because:

Which spelling of 'Eve' in Genesis 3:20 is used to identify the *Nova Vulgata*?

The Vulgate significantly influenced the English language, introducing terms like 'creatio' and 'salvatio'.

Jerome's prologue to the Pauline epistles, *Primum quaeritur*, explicitly supported the Pauline authorship of Hebrews.

The Vulgate's rendering of 'High priest' was consistently *pontifex* across all four Gospels.

Which of the following is an example of a Latin religious term introduced into English via the Vulgate?

The prologue *Primum quaeritur* is notable because it defends the Pauline authorship of Hebrews, which reportedly contradicted Jerome's own views.