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Sir Henry Wellcome's collecting interests were confined to a narrow scope, primarily Western medical history.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sir Henry Wellcome's collecting interests were exceptionally broad, encompassing not only the history of medicine but also related subjects such as alchemy, witchcraft, anthropology, and ethnography, reflecting a global approach.
The Wellcome Library received its official establishment in 1949, a considerable period after Sir Henry Wellcome's passing.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sir Henry Wellcome died in 1936, and the Wellcome Library was formally established in 1949, thirteen years later.
Septimus Warwick served as the principal architect for the Wellcome Trust's biomedical research infrastructure.
Answer: False
Explanation: Septimus Warwick was the architect associated with the Wellcome Library building, not specifically the biomedical research facilities of the Wellcome Trust.
Sir Henry Wellcome initiated serious book collecting in the early 1900s, primarily through philanthropic donations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Henry Wellcome began seriously collecting books in the late 1890s, utilizing a network of agents and dealers and traveling globally to acquire materials, rather than relying primarily on donations.
Sir Henry Wellcome's initial substantial book acquisition was the complete library of Joseph Frank Payne in 1911.
Answer: False
Explanation: Henry Wellcome's first major entry into the book market was at the 1898 auction of William Morris's library, where he was the largest single buyer. The acquisition of Joseph Frank Payne's library occurred later, in 1911.
The Wellcome Library has consistently operated under the designation 'Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine' since its inception.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wellcome Library has been known by several different formal and informal names throughout the 20th century, with 'Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine' being one of its later names in the early 2000s, not its consistent name since establishment.
As of 2019, the Wellcome Library is integrated into the Wellcome Collection, with a mission to advance both the history and contemporary understanding of medicine.
Answer: True
Explanation: As of 2019, the library is part of Wellcome Collection and aims to promote both the history and understanding of medicine, reflecting a broader remit than just medical history.
The 'Nuremberg Chronicle' was a volume acquired by Sir Henry Wellcome from Joseph Frank Payne's library.
Answer: False
Explanation: Henry Wellcome purchased the 'Nuremberg Chronicle' in 1898 at the auction of William Morris's Library, not from Joseph Frank Payne's library.
Sir Henry Wellcome's extensive global travels and established network of agents were instrumental in cultivating the library's international prominence.
Answer: True
Explanation: Henry Wellcome's practice of using agents, dealers, and personal travel around the world to gather materials ensured that his collection had broad coverage of various languages and traditions, which is now a key strength of the library.
Sir Henry Wellcome was the preeminent single purchaser at the 1898 auction of William Morris's library.
Answer: True
Explanation: Henry Wellcome's first major entry into the book market occurred at the 1898 auction of William Morris's library, where he was the largest single buyer, acquiring about a third of the lots available.
The Wellcome Library's current official designation, 'Wellcome Collection: The Library', was implemented in 2019.
Answer: False
Explanation: The library has been known as 'Wellcome Collection: The Library' since 2007. As of 2019, it is part of Wellcome Collection, but the name itself was adopted earlier.
What constituted Sir Henry Wellcome's initial substantial acquisition in the book market?
Answer: Acquiring about a third of the lots at the 1898 William Morris library auction.
Explanation: Henry Wellcome's first major entry into the book market occurred at the 1898 auction of William Morris's library, where he was the largest single buyer, acquiring about a third of the lots available.
Who initiated the extensive collection that ultimately formed the Wellcome Library?
Answer: Sir Henry Wellcome
Explanation: The Wellcome Library was developed from the extensive collection amassed by Sir Henry Wellcome.
When did Sir Henry Wellcome commence his serious book collecting endeavors?
Answer: Late 1890s
Explanation: Henry Wellcome began seriously collecting books in the late 1890s.
Which of the subsequent subjects did NOT fall within Sir Henry Wellcome's extensive collecting interests?
Answer: Contemporary fashion design
Explanation: Sir Henry Wellcome's interests broadly encompassed the history of medicine, extending to related subjects such as alchemy, witchcraft, anthropology, and ethnography. Contemporary fashion design is not listed among his interests.
In what year was the Wellcome Library formally established as a public institution?
Answer: 1949
Explanation: The Wellcome Library was officially established in 1949.
Who served as the architect for the Wellcome Library building?
Answer: Septimus Warwick
Explanation: Septimus Warwick is credited as the architect associated with the Wellcome Library building.
What informal appellation was commonly used for the Wellcome Library throughout the 20th century?
Answer: The Wellcome Library, London
Explanation: Informally, many referred to the Wellcome Library as 'The Wellcome Library, London' throughout the 20th century.
Sir Henry Wellcome acquired the majority of the library belonging to the Munich historian Ernst Darmstaedter in which year?
Answer: 1930
Explanation: Henry Wellcome purchased the majority of the library belonging to Munich historian Ernst Darmstaedter in 1930.
The Wellcome Library functions exclusively as a research institution, precluding access by the general public.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wellcome Library is a free public resource, open to anyone with a research or study interest in the history and progress of medicine, and also functions as a museum.
The Wellcome Library's collection is exclusively confined to printed books and academic journals.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wellcome Library collects a wide array of materials, including books, journals, archives, manuscripts, sound and music recordings, films, videos, databases, ephemera, prints, drawings, paintings, and photographs.
The Wellcome Library's collection size is estimated at approximately 250,000 items.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wellcome Library's collection comprises approximately 2.5 million items, not 250,000 items.
What is the principal function and geographical location of the Wellcome Library?
Answer: A free library and museum in central London focused on medicine.
Explanation: The Wellcome Library is a free library and museum situated in central London, England, serving as a significant research collection focused on the history and understanding of medicine.
What is the approximate total volume of items within the Wellcome Library's collection?
Answer: Approximately 2.5 million items.
Explanation: The Wellcome Library's collection comprises approximately 2.5 million items, making it a vast resource.
Which of the subsequent items does NOT represent a category of material collected by the Wellcome Library?
Answer: Architectural blueprints of modern skyscrapers
Explanation: The Wellcome Library collects a wide array of materials including sound and music recordings, films, videos, and ephemera, but architectural blueprints of modern skyscrapers are not listed as part of its collection.
What attribute confers particular strength upon the Wellcome Library's collection in terms of its international scope?
Answer: Its broad coverage of languages and traditions from around the world.
Explanation: The library's strength lies in its truly international interests and the broad coverage of languages and traditions represented in its collections, reflecting Henry Wellcome's global approach to collecting.
What diverse categories of materials are encompassed within the Wellcome Library's collections?
Answer: A wide array including books, journals, archives, manuscripts, films, and photographs.
Explanation: The Wellcome Library collects a wide array of materials, including books, journals, archives, manuscripts, sound and music recordings, films, videos, databases, ephemera, prints, drawings, paintings, and photographs.
What are the eligibility criteria for accessing the Wellcome Library's resources?
Answer: Anyone with a research or study interest in the history and progress of medicine.
Explanation: Access to the Wellcome Library is open to anyone with a research or study interest in the history and progress of medicine; it is a free public resource.
The manuscripts and books from the Medical Society of London Library were integrated into the Wellcome Library's collection during the 1990s.
Answer: False
Explanation: The manuscripts and approximately 10,000 printed books from the Medical Society of London Library were added to the Wellcome Library's collection during the 1980s.
The History of Medicine collection predominantly concentrates on materials published prior to 1850.
Answer: False
Explanation: The History of Medicine collection covers materials published from 1850 to the present day, not primarily before 1850.
The Medical Collection exclusively comprises printed works and lacks any electronic resources.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Medical Collection contains printed works from the 15th century to the present, and also includes electronic resources on popular science, consumer health, biomedical science policy, research ethics, science education, and public engagement with science.
The Wellcome Library's most ancient document is a 15th-century European medical treatise.
Answer: False
Explanation: The oldest document in the Wellcome Library is a medical prescription from ancient Egypt, written on papyrus around 1100 BCE.
The Indic collection represents the most extensive manuscript collection within the Wellcome Library's Asian holdings.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Indic collection is indeed the largest manuscript collection within the library's Asian holdings, including one of the largest Sanskrit collections outside India.
The Archives and Manuscripts collection exclusively preserves 20th-century records composed in English.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Archives and Manuscripts collection features unpublished European records spanning from antiquity to the 20th century, with materials in 25 different languages. While 20th-century archives primarily focus on English materials, the collection is not exclusive to this period or language.
The Wellcome Library preserves the personal papers of Francis Crick and Melanie Klein.
Answer: True
Explanation: The archives held by the Wellcome Library include the papers of eminent figures such as Francis Crick and Melanie Klein.
The Rare Book collection encompasses approximately 600 incunabula, defined as books printed prior to 1501.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Rare Book collection contains approximately 600 incunabula, which are indeed books printed before 1501.
Medical ephemera denotes rare, high-value medical instrumentation.
Answer: False
Explanation: Medical ephemera refers to printed materials that were originally expected to have only short-term usefulness or popularity, such as pamphlets, advertisements, or tickets, but which now hold historical value.
The Asian collections feature manuscripts inscribed on materials such as palm leaf, silk, and tree bark.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Asian collections include items written on various materials such as paper, palm leaf, silk, ivory, metal, bone, bamboo, and tree bark.
The Wellcome Library's Rare Book collection contains approximately 500 books originating from the 17th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Rare Book collection contains approximately 60,000 books published before 1851, including about 5,000 books from the 16th century and 600 incunabula, but does not specify 500 books from the 17th century.
The Wellcome Library's European archives exclusively contain materials in merely five distinct languages.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Archives and Manuscripts collection features many unpublished European records with materials in 25 different languages.
Which document represents the oldest item within the Wellcome Library's holdings?
Answer: A medical prescription from ancient Egypt, written on papyrus around 1100 BCE.
Explanation: The oldest document in the Wellcome Library is a medical prescription from ancient Egypt, written on papyrus around 1100 BCE.
What notable acquisition augmented the Wellcome Library's collection during the 1980s?
Answer: Manuscripts and approximately 10,000 printed books from the Medical Society of London Library.
Explanation: A notable addition to the library's collection during the 1980s was the purchase of manuscripts and approximately 10,000 printed books from the Medical Society of London Library.
What categories of materials are contained within the Medical Collection?
Answer: Printed works from the 15th century to present, including rare books, anatomical atlases, and electronic resources.
Explanation: The Medical Collection contains printed works of medical and scientific literature from the 15th century to the present, including rare books, anatomical atlases, pharmacopoeias, medical ephemera, and electronic resources.
The History of Medicine collection encompasses materials published during which chronological period?
Answer: 1850 to the present day
Explanation: The History of Medicine collection covers materials published from 1850 to the present day.
Within the Wellcome Library's Asian holdings, which constitutes the most extensive manuscript collection?
Answer: The Indic collection
Explanation: The largest manuscript collection within the library's Asian holdings is the Indic collection, which includes one of the largest Sanskrit collections outside India.
Which distinguished individual's archival materials are preserved within the Wellcome Library?
Answer: Francis Crick
Explanation: The archives held by the Wellcome Library include the papers of eminent figures such as Francis Crick and Melanie Klein.
The Medical Collection encompasses approximately what quantity of medical ephemera items?
Answer: 20,000
Explanation: The Medical Collection includes about 20,000 items of medical ephemera.
The Asian collections comprise manuscripts and printed books in what number of distinct languages?
Answer: 43
Explanation: The Asian collections consist of 12,000 manuscripts and 4,000 printed books in 43 different languages.
What is the approximate count of 16th-century books within the Rare Book collection?
Answer: 5,000
Explanation: The Rare Book collection includes around 5,000 books from the 16th century.
What is the principal geographical and linguistic focus of the 20th-century archives within the Archives and Manuscripts collection?
Answer: Materials written in English
Explanation: The 20th-century archives within the Archives and Manuscripts collection primarily concentrate on material written in English.
The visual arts collection is exclusively dedicated to internal advancements in medical techniques and practices.
Answer: False
Explanation: The visual arts collection illustrates the historical and cultural contexts of medicine, in addition to showcasing internal developments in medical techniques and practices, reflecting a broader scope than solely internal developments.
The Moving Image and Sound collections comprise more than 10,000 films and videos.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Moving Image and Sound collections contain over 4,000 films and videos, and 1,500 audio tapes, not over 10,000 films and videos.
The Wellcome Library's visual arts collection encompasses a chronological range from the 14th century to the contemporary era.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Paintings, Prints, and Drawings collection, which is part of the visual arts collection, spans from the 14th century to the present day.
Wellcome Images ceased operations in 2017, with its content subsequently integrated into the primary wellcomecollection.org catalogue.
Answer: True
Explanation: Wellcome Images was closed in 2017, and its images were subsequently made available through the main catalogue search on wellcomecollection.org.
The Wellcome Library hosted a Wikimedian in Residence during the period of 2014 to 2015.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wellcome Library hosted a Wikimedian in Residence from May 2016 until October 2017.
A key objective of the Wikimedian in Residence program was to enhance the visibility of Wellcome Library images on Wikimedia Commons.
Answer: True
Explanation: The residency aimed to improve the visibility and use of images from the Wellcome Library that had been uploaded to Wikimedia Commons.
The Wellcome Library's YouTube channel predominantly showcases interviews with contemporary medical researchers.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wellcome Library YouTube channel provides access to films and videos from its moving image and sound collections, covering diverse aspects of medicine, including social and clinical areas of science, historical and current topics, and physical and psychological aspects of health and surgery, not primarily interviews with contemporary researchers.
The Wellcome Library contributes to the public understanding of science exclusively through its rare book collection.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wellcome Library contributes to the public understanding of science through its collections, which include popular science and public engagement materials, and by making its vast image collection freely available under Creative Commons licenses, not solely through its rare book collection.
What are the implications of a Creative Commons-Attribution licence for Wellcome Images?
Answer: Images can be used, distributed, and built upon, even for commercial purposes, with credit to the creator.
Explanation: A Creative Commons-Attribution licence means that the images can be used, distributed, and built upon, even for commercial purposes, as long as the original creator (Wellcome Images/Library) is credited.
What was a principal objective of the Wikimedian in Residence program at the Wellcome Library?
Answer: To improve the visibility and use of images from the Wellcome Library on Wikimedia Commons.
Explanation: The residency aimed to improve the visibility and use of images from the Wellcome Library that had been uploaded to Wikimedia Commons.
In what ways does the Wellcome Library contribute to the public's comprehension of scientific advancements?
Answer: Through its collections, including popular science materials, and by making its vast image collection freely available under Creative Commons licenses.
Explanation: The Wellcome Library contributes to the public understanding of science through its collections, which include popular science and public engagement materials, and by making its vast image collection freely available under Creative Commons licenses.
What quantity of Creative Commons-licensed images from Wellcome Images was systematically uploaded to Wikimedia Commons?
Answer: 97,455
Explanation: A substantial number of 97,455 Creative Commons-licensed images from Wellcome Images were bulk-uploaded to Wikimedia Commons.
What categories of content are accessible via the Wellcome Library's YouTube channel?
Answer: Films and videos from its moving image and sound collections.
Explanation: The Wellcome Library YouTube channel provides access to some of the films and videos from its moving image and sound collections.
During what period did the Wellcome Library host a Wikimedian in Residence?
Answer: May 2016 until October 2017
Explanation: The Wellcome Library hosted a Wikimedian in Residence from May 2016 until October 2017.
What pivotal change concerning Wellcome Images was implemented in January 2014?
Answer: They were released under a Creative Commons-Attribution license.
Explanation: In January 2014, Wellcome Images were released under a Creative Commons-Attribution license, allowing for both commercial and non-commercial use.
What institutional change affected Wellcome Images in 2017?
Answer: It was closed, and its images were made available through wellcomecollection.org.
Explanation: In 2017, Wellcome Images was closed, and its images were subsequently made available through the main catalogue search on wellcomecollection.org.
The Wellcome Trust was established by Sir Henry Wellcome during his lifetime to oversee his extensive collection.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wellcome Trust was formed after Sir Henry Wellcome's death in 1936, when his estate and collection were bequeathed to trustees.
The Wellcome Trust's principal responsibility following Sir Henry Wellcome's death was exclusively the maintenance of the Library's collection.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wellcome Trust's main duty was to support ongoing biomedical research, alongside fostering the study of medical history through the collections, not solely to maintain the library.
The Wellcome Trust's Medicine, Society, and History Division was established in 1998 with the sole purpose of concentrating on the history of medicine.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Medicine, Society, and History Division was formed in 1998 by bringing together activities concerning the history of medicine and the public understanding of science, recognizing a wider scope beyond just the history of medicine.
The Wellcome Library's contemporary objective encompasses engaging the public with current scientific and medical issues, extending beyond purely historical research.
Answer: True
Explanation: The library's current aim is to promote both the history and understanding of medicine, reflecting its expanded remit to also engage the public with contemporary scientific and medical issues.
The Wellcome Trust is a philanthropic foundation committed to advancing global health.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Wellcome Trust is a charitable foundation dedicated to improving health, and its main duty is to support ongoing biomedical research and foster the study of medical history.
In 1998, the Wellcome Trust established a new division by consolidating activities related to the history of medicine with what other domain?
Answer: Public understanding of science
Explanation: In 1998, the Wellcome Trust brought together its activities concerning the history of medicine and the public understanding of science to form a new Medicine, Society, and History Division.
The Wellcome Trust functions as a philanthropic foundation committed to advancing what primary objective?
Answer: Health
Explanation: The Wellcome Trust is a charitable foundation dedicated to improving health.
What constituted the principal mandate of the Wellcome Trust subsequent to Sir Henry Wellcome's death?
Answer: To support ongoing biomedical research and foster medical history study.
Explanation: The Wellcome Trust's main duty was to use the income generated by the trust to support ongoing biomedical research, alongside fostering the study of medical history through the collections.
What is the contemporary objective of the Wellcome Library, as of 2019, extending beyond solely medical history?
Answer: To promote the understanding of medicine and engage the public with contemporary issues.
Explanation: As of 2019, the Wellcome Library aims to promote both the history and understanding of medicine, reflecting an expanded remit to also engage the public with contemporary scientific and medical issues.
What constituted the principal objective of the Wellcome Trust's overarching mission, extending beyond the preservation of the library's collections?
Answer: To support ongoing biomedical research.
Explanation: The Wellcome Trust's broader mission is to use the income generated by the trust to support ongoing biomedical research, in addition to fostering the study of medical history.