Explanation: The established focus of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is academic publishing and instructional materials, rather than fiction or popular magazines.

Explanation: Charles Wiley established his print shop in Manhattan in 1807, not 1907.

Explanation: During its early development, Wiley published a range of literary works alongside legal and religious texts, rather than exclusively these categories.

Explanation: The company officially adopted the name "Wiley" in 1876, following the entry of John Wiley's second son, William H. Wiley, into the business.

Explanation: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. primarily concentrates on academic publishing and the provision of instructional materials, encompassing books, journals, and digital resources for educational and professional audiences.

Explanation: John Wiley & Sons was founded in 1807 by Charles Wiley.

Explanation: In its nascent stages, Wiley published literary works, legal titles, and religious texts, among other non-fiction categories. Scientific and technical journals became a focus later in its evolution.

Explanation: The company's publishing trajectory shifted from its initial engagement with literary works towards a strategic specialization in scientific, technical, and engineering disciplines.

Explanation: In February 2007, Wiley completed the acquisition of Blackwell Publishing for approximately US$1.12 billion, a significant transaction that expanded its scholarly publishing portfolio.

Explanation: Wiley-Blackwell was formed as a result of Wiley's acquisition of Blackwell Publishing, not Springer Nature.

Explanation: Wiley's acquisition of Hindawi in 2021, a firm specializing in open access publishing, substantially broadened its collection of open access journals.

Explanation: The acquisition of Inscape Holdings Inc. in 2012 by Wiley served to augment its capabilities in assessing and training interpersonal business skills.

Explanation: In 2012, Wiley announced plans to divest assets in areas such as travel and general interest publications, not its scientific and technical divisions.

Explanation: The acquisition of Deltak in 2011 for US$220 million significantly bolstered Wiley's capabilities and offerings within the online program management (OPM) sector.

Explanation: Wiley acquired the German technical publisher VCH in 1996, enhancing its technical publishing operations primarily within Germany and Europe, not France.

Explanation: Wiley divested its online education business, encompassing OPM services, to Academic Partnerships in 2023 for US$150 million, constituting a strategic divestiture.

Explanation: The acquisition of Hungry Minds (formerly IDG Books) in 2001 by Wiley incorporated titles previously published under Macmillan General Reference.

Explanation: The acquisition of Liss in 1989 significantly strengthened Wiley's publishing endeavors within the life sciences domain.

Explanation: Wiley's 2012 divestiture announcement signaled a strategic refocusing on content for research, learning, and professional practices, not a shift towards general interest and travel publications.

Explanation: In 2007, Wiley acquired Blackwell Publishing for approximately US$1.12 billion, a strategic move that substantially enhanced its scholarly publishing operations.

Explanation: Wiley acquired Inscape Holdings Inc. in 2012, thereby strengthening its portfolio related to interpersonal business skills assessment and training.

Explanation: In 2012, Wiley announced its intention to divest certain assets, including travel, culinary, and general interest publications, to sharpen its focus on research, learning, and professional practices.

Explanation: Wiley acquired Deltak in 2011 for US$220 million, a move that significantly expanded its online program management (OPM) services.

Explanation: Wiley acquired The Learning House in 2018, a move that substantially augmented its capacity as an Online Program Manager (OPM) provider, fostering partnerships with universities to deliver online programs and educational services.

Explanation: In 1999, Wiley acquired Jossey-Bass, a professional publisher, from Pearson. This acquisition further broadened its array of professional development content and fortified its market position in that segment.

Explanation: Wiley acquired Whurr in 2005, a move that broadened its offerings within the medical field and enhanced its presence in specialized academic publishing.

Explanation: Wiley Interscience functioned as Wiley's principal digital access point for scholarly content from its launch in 1997 until it was superseded by the more comprehensive Wiley Online Library in 2010.

Explanation: According to the provided data, Wiley Online Library offers access to over 4 million articles and more than 22,000 books, not 10 million articles and 50,000 books.

Explanation: WileyPLUS is specifically developed for higher education, providing integrated digital textbooks and course management tools, rather than for K-12 education.

Explanation: Launched in 2009, the "Wiley Custom Select" system empowers instructors to design bespoke textbooks by integrating Wiley's published content with their proprietary instructional materials.

Explanation: Wiley envisions a future where customers can seamlessly search its entire content repository, regardless of the original medium, and assemble personalized products.

Explanation: The launch of Essential Evidence Plus in 2008 by Wiley aimed to furnish primary-care clinicians with immediate, point-of-care access to critical evidence-based medicine information.

Explanation: Wiley Online Library, introduced in 2010, is Wiley's comprehensive digital platform providing subscription-based access to its extensive collection of journals, books, and reference works.

Explanation: WileyPLUS serves as an online learning platform designed for higher education, integrating digital textbooks and course management tools to facilitate teaching and learning.

Explanation: The "Wiley Custom Select" system enables instructors to create customized textbooks by integrating Wiley's published content with their proprietary instructional materials.

Explanation: Wiley's acquisition of Atypon in 2016 was instrumental in enhancing its digital content delivery infrastructure, particularly by providing the Literatum platform upon which Wiley Online Library is built.

Explanation: Wiley established its European branch in London in 1960, which later relocated to Chichester, England.

Explanation: Wiley's headquarters have been situated in Hoboken, New Jersey, since 2002.

Explanation: As of 2024, Wiley's global workforce comprised approximately 6,400 employees, significantly exceeding the threshold of 1,000.

Explanation: Wiley reported a revenue of approximately US$1.87 billion in 2024, not $208 million.

Explanation: The NYSE ticker symbol for Wiley's Class A stock is WLY; WLYB is designated for its Class B stock.

Explanation: Wiley reported revenue of approximately US$232 million from its Online Program Management (OPM) services in 2020, not $23 million.

Explanation: In 2017, Wiley reported a positive mean gender pay gap of 21.1% for its UK workforce, indicating that men earned more than women on average, not the reverse.

Explanation: Wiley's 2023 full-year revenue of US$208 million represented an 8% reduction from the prior year, indicating a contraction in its overall financial performance during that period.

Explanation: In 2009, Wiley's restructuring involved reducing staff in the UK and Australia while increasing staff in Asia, contrary to the statement.

Explanation: Wiley's European branch, established in London in 1960, was subsequently relocated to Chichester, England.

Explanation: Wiley's current headquarters are situated in Hoboken, New Jersey.

Explanation: As of 2024, Wiley's global workforce comprised approximately 6,400 individuals, indicative of its considerable operational scale.

Explanation: The NYSE ticker symbol designated for Wiley's Class A stock is WLY.

Explanation: Wiley reported revenue amounting to US$232 million from its Online Program Management (OPM) services in 2020, reflecting an 11% organic growth compared to the preceding year.

Explanation: In response to extensive retractions associated with paper mill activities within journals acquired from Hindawi, Wiley discontinued the use of the Hindawi brand.

Explanation: Wiley has stated that authors do not have the option to opt out of the inclusion of their work in datasets used for training AI Large Language Models (LLMs).

Explanation: The resignation of the *European Law Journal*'s editorial board in 2020 stemmed from disputes concerning editorial appointments and independence, rather than pricing strategies.

Explanation: The resignation of the editorial board of *Diversity & Distributions* in 2018 was precipitated by Wiley's alleged obstruction of a letter critical of the journal's transition to full open access.

Explanation: Retraction Watch has documented accusations suggesting that Wiley has, in certain instances, removed articles from its journals without providing explicit explanations.

Explanation: The suspension of the Journal Impact Factor for five Wiley journals in 2020 was attributed to unusually high levels of self-citation, not low levels.

Explanation: A 2022 report published in *Science* magazine identified Wiley-Blackwell journals as hosting articles sourced from a company engaged in the practice of selling academic authorship.

Explanation: Wiley closed down 19 journals acquired from Hindawi in 2024, following extensive retractions linked to paper mill activity, rather than closing approximately 250.

Explanation: Concerns have been articulated by climate scientists regarding a perceived conflict of interest arising from Wiley's dual publication of climate change research and a journal focused on fossil fuel exploration.

Explanation: The Supreme Court's ruling in *Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons* (2013) affirmed that Wiley could not prevent the importation and resale of textbooks legally manufactured abroad, based on the first-sale doctrine.

Explanation: In 2020, Wiley was among the publishers that initiated legal action against the Internet Archive, asserting claims of copyright infringement concerning its e-book collections.

Explanation: The 2024 class-action lawsuit alleged that Wiley and other publishers violated antitrust laws by agreeing not to compete for manuscripts and by not paying scholars for peer review services, not the other way around.

Explanation: A 2018 court ruling upheld an award of over $39 million to Wiley and other publishers against a reseller found to be distributing counterfeit copies of textbooks, not legitimate overseas copies.

Explanation: Ethical concerns have been voiced by author collectives concerning Wiley's collaborations with AI entities, primarily focusing on the lack of transparency and the absence of an opt-out mechanism for authors regarding AI training data.

Explanation: The 2015 ruling in *Minden Pictures v. John Wiley & Sons* affirmed that photo agencies possessed the legal standing to pursue litigation against Wiley for utilizing photographs beyond the scope of the acquired license, thereby reinforcing the rights of copyright holders.

Explanation: A significant issue that emerged with journals acquired via the Hindawi acquisition in 2021 was a substantial number of retractions linked to paper mill activities.

Explanation: Wiley has articulated that authors are not afforded the option to opt out of the inclusion of their work in datasets utilized for the training of AI Large Language Models (LLMs).

Explanation: The entire editorial board of the *European Law Journal* resigned in 2020 following disagreements with Wiley regarding editorial appointments.

Explanation: Retraction Watch has documented accusations suggesting that Wiley has engaged in the practice of making articles disappear from its journals without providing explanations.

Explanation: The suspension of the Journal Impact Factor for five Wiley journals in 2020 was due to unusually high levels of self-citation, a practice that can artificially inflate impact metrics.

Explanation: In 2020, Wiley was part of a coalition of publishers that sued the Internet Archive, asserting claims of copyright infringement concerning e-books.

Explanation: Climate scientists have articulated concerns that Wiley's practice of publishing research on climate change concurrently with a journal focused on fossil fuel exploration constitutes a conflict of interest potentially undermining the credibility of climate science.

Explanation: A September 2024 class-action lawsuit alleged that Wiley and other academic publishers violated antitrust laws by agreeing not to compete for manuscripts and by not compensating scholars for peer review services.

Explanation: The dispute involving the *European Law Journal*'s editorial board in 2020 brought to light concerns about Wiley's practices concerning editorial independence and appointment processes.

Explanation: The 2013 Supreme Court ruling in *Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons* determined that the first-sale doctrine is applicable to copyrighted goods manufactured and sold internationally, preventing Wiley from prohibiting the importation and resale of legally produced overseas textbooks.

Explanation: Wiley's Professional Development division encompasses a range of established brands, including "For Dummies" and "Sybex," catering to various professional learning needs.

Explanation: The 2016 collaboration between Wiley and Christian H. Cooper was established to develop preparatory materials for the Financial Risk Manager (FRM) certification examination.

Explanation: Wiley's commitment as a signatory to the SDG Publishers Compact underscores its dedication to advancing the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals within the publishing industry.

Explanation: The Project DEAL contract, executed in 2019, facilitated open access for Wiley's journals to institutions within Germany, not the United States.

Explanation: The brand "For Dummies" is explicitly listed as part of Wiley's Professional Development portfolio.

Explanation: The partnership between Wiley and Christian H. Cooper, initiated in 2016, focuses on developing study materials for candidates preparing for the Financial Risk Manager (FRM) exam.