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Municipal suffrage was first granted in Canada in the 1880s, initially to property-owning widows and spinsters.
Answer: True
Explanation: Municipal suffrage was first granted in Quebec and Ontario in the 1880s, extending the right to vote to property-owning widows and spinsters.
The Ontario Municipal Act amendments in the 1880s allowed property-owning married women to vote in municipal elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: Amendments to the Ontario Municipal Act in the 1880s extended municipal voting rights to property-owning married women, widows, and spinsters.
The Toronto municipal election of 1886 demonstrated the significant impact of women's votes on election outcomes.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Toronto municipal election of 1886 highlighted the crucial role of women's votes, directly influencing the election of William Holmes Howland.
The primary objective of the Canadian Woman Suffrage Association upon its 1883 inauguration was to secure the municipal franchise for Ontario women.
Answer: True
Explanation: The primary objective of the Canadian Woman Suffrage Association in 1883 was to secure the municipal franchise for the women of Ontario.
Early suffrage organizations in Ontario prioritized gaining municipal suffrage for property-owning widows and spinsters as an initial step, reflecting a 'half a loaf' strategy.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'half a loaf' approach guided early suffrage efforts in Ontario, focusing on partial victories like municipal suffrage for property-owning women as a pragmatic strategy.
In Manitoba by 1895, the W.C.T.U. was among the first groups to advocate for equal suffrage.
Answer: True
Explanation: By 1895, the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in Manitoba was actively petitioning for equal suffrage, positioning them as early advocates.
The 'half a loaf' approach meant suffrage advocates prioritized partial victories, such as municipal suffrage, rather than aiming for immediate full provincial suffrage.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'half a loaf' strategy involved pursuing incremental gains, such as municipal suffrage, as a pragmatic means to advance the broader goal of full provincial suffrage.
Historically, women in Quebec exercised their municipal franchise by having a notary visit their homes to allow them to vote, rather than attending polling stations.
Answer: True
Explanation: In Quebec, women historically voted municipally through a notary who visited their homes, a practice implemented partly due to concerns about women entering polling booths.
In 1892, Neil McLeod argued that unmarried women property owners, not exclusively married women, should have municipal voting rights in Prince Edward Island.
Answer: True
Explanation: Neil McLeod advocated in 1892 for the municipal voting rights of unmarried women property owners in Prince Edward Island.
The WCTU in Manitoba was among the first organizations to advocate for equal suffrage in the province.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in Manitoba was an early advocate for equal suffrage, having submitted petitions to the Provincial Legislature.
How did the Ontario Municipal Act amendments in the 1880s alter women's municipal voting rights?
Answer: It extended the right to vote in municipal elections to widows and unmarried women.
Explanation: Amendments to the Ontario Municipal Act in the 1880s extended municipal voting rights to widows and unmarried women, building upon earlier provisions for property-owning married women.
What was the significance of the Toronto municipal election of January 4, 1886, concerning the impact of women's suffrage?
Answer: It showed women's votes were crucial in electing a reform-minded candidate.
Explanation: The Toronto municipal election of January 4, 1886, demonstrated the crucial impact of women's votes, directly contributing to the election of William Holmes Howland.
What was the primary objective of the Canadian Woman Suffrage Association upon its formal inauguration in 1883?
Answer: To secure the municipal franchise for the women of Ontario.
Explanation: The primary objective of the Canadian Woman Suffrage Association upon its 1883 inauguration was to secure the municipal franchise for the women of Ontario.
How did the strategy of early suffrage organizations in Ontario embody the 'half a loaf' philosophy?
Answer: They prioritized gaining municipal suffrage for property-owning women as an initial step.
Explanation: The 'half a loaf' philosophy guided early suffrage organizations in Ontario, leading them to prioritize gaining municipal suffrage for property-owning women as a foundational step.
What was the historical method by which women in Quebec exercised their municipal franchise?
Answer: A notary visited women in their homes to allow them to vote.
Explanation: Historically, women in Quebec exercised their municipal franchise through a notary who visited their homes, a practice implemented partly due to concerns about women entering polling booths.
Full federal suffrage for all Canadian women was achieved in 1918, eliminating all prior voting restrictions.
Answer: False
Explanation: While federal suffrage was granted in 1918, significant racial and status-based exclusions persisted for certain groups until 1960.
The Wartime Elections Act of 1917 granted limited federal voting rights to women related to the armed forces, including those of Asian and Indigenous descent.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Wartime Elections Act of 1917 extended federal voting rights to specific women, including those of Asian and Indigenous backgrounds, contingent on their relationship to the armed forces.
The Women's Franchise Act, enacted in 1918, granted federal suffrage to female citizens aged 21 and over.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Women's Franchise Act of 1918 established federal suffrage for female citizens aged 21 and older, effective January 1, 1919.
The federal government granted limited war-time suffrage on September 20, 1917.
Answer: True
Explanation: The federal government enacted the Wartime Elections Act on September 20, 1917, providing limited suffrage during wartime.
Sir Robert Borden was the Prime Minister of Canada when the federal Women's Franchise Act was passed in 1918.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sir Robert Borden served as Prime Minister when the federal Women's Franchise Act was passed on May 24, 1918.
The 1918 Women's Franchise Act set the federal voting age for women at 21, not 18.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Women's Franchise Act of 1918 established the federal voting age for women at 21 years.
The federal government's 1917 suffrage grant was limited, whereas the 1918 Women's Franchise Act provided broader federal suffrage.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1917 Wartime Elections Act offered limited suffrage, while the 1918 Women's Franchise Act expanded federal suffrage to a wider group of female citizens.
When did Canada grant full federal suffrage to women, and what significant limitations persisted for specific demographic groups?
Answer: 1918; racial and status exclusions persisted until 1960
Explanation: Canada granted full federal suffrage in 1918, but racial and status-based exclusions meant that not all women could vote in federal elections until 1960.
What was the significance of the Wartime Elections Act, passed on September 20, 1917?
Answer: It granted limited federal suffrage to women associated with the armed forces.
Explanation: The Wartime Elections Act of September 20, 1917, granted limited federal suffrage to women connected to the armed forces.
What was the voting age requirement for women under the federal Women's Franchise Act of 1918?
Answer: 21 years
Explanation: The federal Women's Franchise Act of 1918 set the voting age for women at 21 years.
Women's suffrage was first granted simultaneously across all Canadian provinces in 1916.
Answer: False
Explanation: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta granted suffrage in 1916, but not simultaneously across all provinces; Manitoba was the first.
Quebec was the last Canadian province to grant full suffrage to women, achieving it in 1940.
Answer: True
Explanation: Quebec granted full suffrage to women, excluding Asian and Indigenous women, on April 25, 1940, making it the final province to do so.
Manitoba was the first Canadian province to grant full voting equality to women, effective January 28, 1916.
Answer: True
Explanation: Manitoba holds the distinction of being the first Canadian province to grant full voting equality to women on January 28, 1916.
Newfoundland granted suffrage to women, excluding Asian and Indigenous women, in 1925.
Answer: True
Explanation: Newfoundland granted suffrage to women in 1925, with exclusions for Asian and Indigenous women, preceding Quebec's full suffrage grant in 1940.
In Newfoundland and Labrador's 1925 suffrage grant, women aged 25 and over could vote, whereas men aged 21 and over were eligible.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1925, Newfoundland and Labrador granted suffrage to women aged 25 and over, while men aged 21 and over were eligible to vote.
In 1916, the initial demographic focus for suffrage in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta was on White and Black women, excluding Asian and Indigenous women.
Answer: True
Explanation: When suffrage was granted in the prairie provinces in 1916, the initial focus was on White and Black women, with Asian and Indigenous women being excluded.
In Nova Scotia in 1918, women gained suffrage, but the right to vote was conditional on property ownership.
Answer: True
Explanation: Nova Scotia granted suffrage to women in 1918, but this right was subject to property ownership requirements.
Which Canadian province was the first to grant full voting equality to women, and in which year did this milestone occur?
Answer: Manitoba, 1916
Explanation: Manitoba was the first province to grant full voting equality to women, effective January 28, 1916.
Which Canadian province was the last to grant full suffrage to White and Black women, and in what year was this achieved?
Answer: Quebec, 1940
Explanation: Quebec was the final province to grant full suffrage to White and Black women, achieving this milestone in 1940.
What specific condition applied to women's suffrage in Nova Scotia in 1918?
Answer: Women had to be property owners to vote.
Explanation: In Nova Scotia in 1918, women gained suffrage, but this right was conditional upon property ownership.
By 1922, all Canadian provinces had granted full suffrage to White and Black women, but Asian women remained excluded.
Answer: True
Explanation: By 1922, most provinces had granted full suffrage to White and Black women; however, Asian women continued to face exclusion from voting rights.
First Nations women and men gained federal suffrage in Canada in 1950.
Answer: False
Explanation: First Nations women and men gained federal suffrage in Canada in 1960, not 1950.
Historically, Black individuals in Canada faced disenfranchisement partly due to their legal status as property, rather than citizens, during the era of slavery.
Answer: True
Explanation: The historical context of slavery meant Black persons were legally considered property, impacting their access to citizenship and democratic rights, including suffrage.
The Dominion Elections Act of 1920 aimed to eliminate ethnic discrimination but continued to exclude Canadians of Asian heritage.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Dominion Elections Act of 1920 stipulated that provinces could not discriminate based on ethnicity, yet it maintained the exclusion of Canadians of Asian heritage from voting.
Asian Canadians regained their federal voting rights in 1948, effective 1949, following the rescinding of the Dominion Elections Act.
Answer: True
Explanation: The rescinding of the Dominion Elections Act in 1948, which took effect in 1949, marked the end of disenfranchisement for Asian Canadians, restoring their federal voting rights.
The 1960 Canada Elections Act granted suffrage to registered 'Indians' to align with Canadian Bill of Rights principles and avoid mirroring discriminatory US practices.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1960 Canada Elections Act extended suffrage to registered 'Indians' primarily to align with the non-discrimination principles of the Canadian Bill of Rights and to avoid practices similar to those in the United States.
The 1920 Indian Act amendment introduced 'involuntary enfranchisement' for certain Indigenous men, but it faced significant objections and was repealed.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1920 amendment concerning 'involuntary enfranchisement' for Indigenous men, particularly those with university degrees, encountered substantial opposition and was subsequently repealed.
The 1960 Canada Elections Act granted suffrage to registered 'Indians' to align with Canadian Bill of Rights principles and avoid mirroring discriminatory US practices against African-Americans.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1960 Canada Elections Act extended suffrage to registered 'Indians' partly to align with Canadian Bill of Rights principles and to avoid mirroring discriminatory US practices against African-Americans.
Black women were among the initial proponents of the suffrage movement in Canada, not latecomers.
Answer: True
Explanation: Black women were actively involved in the early stages of the suffrage movement in Canada, advocating for their rights and societal improvement.
The rescinding of the Dominion Elections Act in 1948, effective 1949, marked the end of disenfranchisement for Asian Canadians, restoring their federal voting rights.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Dominion Elections Act was rescinded in 1948, taking effect in 1949, which officially ended the disenfranchisement of Asian Canadians and restored their federal voting rights.
The 1920 amendment to the Indian Act introduced 'involuntary enfranchisement' for certain Indigenous men, but it faced significant objections and was repealed.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1920 amendment concerning 'involuntary enfranchisement' for Indigenous men encountered substantial opposition and was subsequently repealed.
The 1960 Canada Elections Act granted suffrage to registered 'Indians' to align with Canadian Bill of Rights principles and avoid mirroring discriminatory US practices.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1960 Canada Elections Act extended suffrage to registered 'Indians' to align with Canadian Bill of Rights principles and avoid mirroring discriminatory US practices against African-Americans.
What was the primary demographic focus when women's suffrage was first implemented in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta in 1916?
Answer: White and Black women, excluding Asian and Indigenous women
Explanation: In 1916, when suffrage was granted in the prairie provinces, the initial demographic focus was on White and Black women, with Asian and Indigenous women being excluded.
When did Asian Canadians regain federal suffrage, and which legislative action marked the end of their disenfranchisement?
Answer: 1948, through the rescinding of the Dominion Elections Act
Explanation: Asian Canadians regained federal suffrage in 1948, effective 1949, following the rescinding of the Dominion Elections Act.
What was the status of First Nations women's federal suffrage rights prior to 1960?
Answer: They were excluded from federal suffrage until 1960.
Explanation: First Nations women were excluded from federal suffrage until the passage of the Canada Elections Act in 1960.
Which of the following was a primary reason for granting suffrage to registered 'Indians' via the 1960 Canada Elections Act?
Answer: To align with the non-discrimination principles in the Canadian Bill of Rights.
Explanation: A primary reason for granting suffrage to registered 'Indians' in 1960 was to align with the non-discrimination principles of the Canadian Bill of Rights and avoid mirroring discriminatory US practices.
How did the Dominion Elections Act of 1920 attempt to address ethnic discrimination in voting, and what were its limitations?
Answer: It stated provinces could not discriminate based on ethnicity but still excluded Canadians of Asian heritage.
Explanation: The Dominion Elections Act of 1920 stipulated that provinces could not discriminate based on ethnicity, yet it continued to exclude Canadians of Asian heritage.
Dr. Emily Stowe, a key figure in the suffrage movement, was a prominent physician, not a lawyer.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dr. Emily Stowe was a pioneering woman physician and a significant advocate for women's suffrage, not a lawyer.
The Toronto Woman's Literary Club (TWLC) advocated for women's suffrage and also facilitated women's admission to the University of Toronto.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Toronto Woman's Literary Club played a dual role, promoting suffrage and contributing to the opening of the University of Toronto to women.
The Toronto Women's Suffrage Association was formally inaugurated as the Canadian Woman Suffrage Association in 1883.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Toronto Woman's Literary Club evolved into the Toronto Women's Suffrage Association and was formally inaugurated as the Canadian Woman Suffrage Association in 1883.
Augusta Stowe Gullen was the first woman to receive an M.D. C.M. degree from a Canadian institution, but not the first woman physician in Canada.
Answer: True
Explanation: Augusta Stowe Gullen achieved the distinction of being the first woman to receive an M.D. C.M. degree from a Canadian institution in 1883.
Susan B. Anthony lectured in Canada in the late 1880s, significantly boosting the suffrage movement.
Answer: True
Explanation: Susan B. Anthony lectured in Canada in the late 1880s, contributing significantly to the momentum of the suffrage movement.
The Women's Suffrage Association changed its name to the Dominion Women's Enfranchisement Association in 1889.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1889, the Women's Suffrage Association officially adopted the name Dominion Women's Enfranchisement Association.
The Dominion Woman's Enfranchisement Convention in Toronto in 1890 focused primarily on temperance issues.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Dominion Woman's Enfranchisement Convention in Toronto in 1890 addressed key topics related to suffrage, economics, and women's professional roles, not primarily temperance.
Yellow was adopted as the badge color for equal suffragists in the 1890s, symbolizing gold and wisdom in the East.
Answer: True
Explanation: Yellow, symbolizing gold and wisdom in the East, was adopted as the badge color for equal suffragists across North America in the 1890s.
Dr. Emily Stowe's advocacy extended beyond suffrage to improving women's access to professional education, particularly in medicine.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dr. Emily Stowe's advocacy efforts included championing women's access to professional education, notably contributing to the establishment of the Woman's Medical College in Toronto.
The incorporation of the Dominion Women's Enfranchisement Association in 1889 provided it with a formalized structure and a stronger lobbying platform.
Answer: True
Explanation: The incorporation of the Dominion Women's Enfranchisement Association solidified its organizational structure, enhancing its capacity for lobbying and advocacy.
Who is recognized as a key figure in the early Canadian women's suffrage movement, and what was her primary profession?
Answer: Dr. Emily Stowe, a physician
Explanation: Dr. Emily Stowe is recognized as a key figure in the early Canadian women's suffrage movement; she was a prominent physician.
What were the dual contributions of the Toronto Woman's Literary Club (TWLC) to the advancement of women's rights?
Answer: Promoting suffrage and facilitating women's admission to the University of Toronto
Explanation: The Toronto Woman's Literary Club contributed by promoting suffrage and facilitating women's admission to the University of Toronto.
What distinction did Augusta Stowe Gullen achieve in Canadian medical history?
Answer: She was the first woman to receive an M.D. C.M. degree from a Canadian institution.
Explanation: Augusta Stowe Gullen achieved the distinction of being the first woman to receive an M.D. C.M. degree from a Canadian institution in 1883.
Which prominent American suffragists lectured in Canada in the late 1880s, significantly increasing interest in suffrage work?
Answer: Susan B. Anthony and Mary Seymour Howell
Explanation: Susan B. Anthony and Mary Seymour Howell were prominent American suffragists who lectured in Canada in the late 1880s, significantly boosting interest in the movement.
What symbolism was associated with the color yellow adopted by equal suffragists in the 1890s?
Answer: It symbolized gold and wisdom in the East.
Explanation: Yellow, symbolizing gold and wisdom in the East, was adopted as the badge color for equal suffragists in the 1890s.
Incarcerated women serving sentences of less than two years gained suffrage in 1993.
Answer: True
Explanation: Incarcerated women serving sentences of fewer than two years regained suffrage rights in 1993; those serving longer sentences gained the right in 2002.
In 1919, women in New Brunswick gained the right to vote but were prohibited from being elected to the Legislative Assembly.
Answer: True
Explanation: While women in New Brunswick achieved suffrage equality in 1919, they were explicitly barred from holding seats in the Legislative Assembly.
Until 1985, First Nations women lost their status if they married non-First Nations men, a consequence not faced by First Nations men in similar circumstances.
Answer: True
Explanation: Under the Indian Act until 1985, First Nations women marrying non-First Nations men were automatically enfranchised, losing their status and associated rights, unlike First Nations men in comparable situations.
Until 1985, First Nations women marrying non-First Nations men were automatically enfranchised, resulting in the loss of their 'Indian' status and associated rights.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Indian Act stipulated that First Nations women marrying non-First Nations men would lose their official 'Indian' status and associated rights until the law was amended in 1985.
Although women in New Brunswick gained suffrage in 1919, they were prohibited from being elected to the Legislative Assembly at that time.
Answer: True
Explanation: New Brunswick women achieved suffrage equality in 1919 but faced a restriction preventing their election to the Legislative Assembly.
Prior to 1985, First Nations women marrying non-First Nations men were automatically enfranchised, leading to the loss of their 'Indian' status and associated rights.
Answer: True
Explanation: Until 1985, the Indian Act stipulated that First Nations women marrying non-First Nations men would lose their official 'Indian' status and associated rights.
What legal consequence did a First Nations woman face until 1985 upon marrying a non-First Nations man?
Answer: She was automatically enfranchised, losing her 'Indian' status and associated rights.
Explanation: Until 1985, First Nations women marrying non-First Nations men faced automatic enfranchisement, resulting in the loss of their 'Indian' status and associated rights.
What specific restriction was placed on women elected to the Legislative Assembly in New Brunswick in 1919?
Answer: They were not eligible to be elected to the Legislative Assembly.
Explanation: In 1919, women in New Brunswick gained suffrage but were explicitly prohibited from being elected to the Legislative Assembly.