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The underlying conflict between settlers and Wardandi Noongar people began with an incident in March 1840 involving Nungundung.
Answer: False
Explanation: The underlying conflict began with an incident in February 1840, not March, involving Nungundung and the killing of Henry Campbell.
Henry Campbell was killed by Nungundung and his friends in retaliation for Campbell badly beating Duncock and potentially raping one of Gaywal's daughters.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that Henry Campbell was killed by Nungundung and his friends in retaliation for Campbell's severe beating of Duncock and the potential rape of one of Gaywal's daughters.
After Henry Campbell's death, Nungundung, Duncock, and Gerback were immediately sent to Perth for severe punishment by resident magistrate Henry Bull.
Answer: False
Explanation: Resident magistrate Henry Bull initially flogged Nungundung, Duncock, and Gerback and then released them. Nungundung was later sent to Perth by John Bussell.
John Bussell's re-arrest of Nungundung in December 1840 led to significant resentment among the Wardandi people.
Answer: True
Explanation: John Bussell's re-arrest of Nungundung in December 1840 and subsequent dispatch to Perth for further punishment indeed generated significant resentment among the Wardandi people.
The Wardandi people made specific threats to settlers in the Busselton district after Nungundung's arbitrary treatment.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following Nungundung's arbitrary treatment, the Wardandi people indeed made several threats to various settlers in the Busselton district.
What was an underlying cause of conflict between colonial settlers and Wardandi Noongar people prior to Layman's death?
Answer: The killing of settler labourer Henry Campbell by Nungundung and his friends.
Explanation: An underlying cause of conflict was the killing of settler labourer Henry Campbell by Nungundung and his friends in February 1840.
How did resident magistrate Henry Bull initially punish Nungundung, Duncock, and Gerback for Henry Campbell's death?
Answer: He flogged them and released them.
Explanation: Resident magistrate Henry Bull initially flogged Nungundung, Duncock, and Gerback and then released them.
What action by John Bussell in December 1840 caused significant resentment among the Wardandi people?
Answer: He had Nungundung arrested again and sent to Perth for further punishment.
Explanation: John Bussell's re-arrest of Nungundung in December 1840 and sending him to Perth for further punishment caused significant resentment among the Wardandi people.
In what year did the incident involving Nungundung and Henry Campbell occur, which was an underlying cause of conflict?
Answer: 1840
Explanation: The incident involving Nungundung and Henry Campbell occurred in February 1840.
Which of Gaywal's relatives was involved in the killing of Henry Campbell in February 1840?
Answer: Nungundung, his son-in-law.
Explanation: Gaywal's son-in-law, Nungundung, was involved in the killing of Henry Campbell in February 1840.
The immediate trigger for the Wonnerup massacre was the killing of Henry Campbell by Gaywal.
Answer: False
Explanation: The immediate trigger for the Wonnerup massacre was the spearing and killing of George Layman by Gaywal on February 21, 1841, not the earlier killing of Henry Campbell.
George Layman was killed after he grabbed Gaywal's arm during an argument over land boundaries.
Answer: False
Explanation: George Layman was killed after he grabbed Gaywal's beard during an argument over damper payment, not land boundaries, and not his arm.
In Noongar culture, grabbing a person's beard was considered a minor disagreement, not a grave insult.
Answer: False
Explanation: In Noongar culture, grabbing a person's beard was considered a great insult, which directly escalated the conflict leading to Layman's death.
Waadandi Doonan oral history suggests the conflict between Gaywal and Layman was over a Wardandi woman whom Layman would not release.
Answer: True
Explanation: Waadandi Doonan oral history, as recounted by Phyllis Ronan's grandmother, indeed suggests the conflict was over Layman's refusal to release a Wardandi woman.
George Layman died instantly after being speared by Gaywal.
Answer: False
Explanation: George Layman died within ten minutes inside his cottage after being speared by Gaywal, not instantly.
What immediate event triggered the Wonnerup massacre in February 1841?
Answer: The spearing and killing of George Layman by Gaywal.
Explanation: The immediate trigger for the Wonnerup massacre was the spearing and killing of George Layman by Gaywal on February 21, 1841.
What was George Layman doing with Wardandi people, including Gaywal, on February 21, 1841, when the argument leading to his death occurred?
Answer: Threshing wheat.
Explanation: On February 21, 1841, George Layman was working with Wardandi people, including Gaywal, threshing wheat when the argument occurred.
What specific action by George Layman was considered a grave insult in Noongar culture, leading to his spearing by Gaywal?
Answer: He grabbed Gaywal's beard.
Explanation: George Layman grabbing Gaywal's beard was considered a grave insult in Noongar culture, leading to his spearing.
According to Waadandi Doonan oral history, what was the underlying cause of the conflict between Gaywal and Layman?
Answer: A conflict over a Wardandi woman whom Layman would not release.
Explanation: Waadandi Doonan oral history suggests the conflict between Gaywal and Layman was over a Wardandi woman whom Layman would not release.
Captain John Molloy, the resident magistrate, was one of the primary leaders of the punitive massacre following George Layman's death.
Answer: True
Explanation: Captain John Molloy, as the resident magistrate, was indeed one of the primary leaders of the punitive massacre, alongside John Bussell.
Robert Heppingstone and Dr. Milligan were the first to alert the Bussell family and Captain Molloy about Layman's death.
Answer: True
Explanation: Young Robert Heppingstone was sent on horseback, and Milligan also went to the Bussell's house to report Layman's death.
After Layman's death, Bussell and Molloy immediately set out on a punitive expedition without first preparing warrants or compelling a Noongar constable.
Answer: False
Explanation: After Dr. Green confirmed Layman's death, Bussell and Molloy first prepared warrants and compelled Bun-ni, a Noongar constable, to assist them before setting out.
Bun-ni, a Noongar constable, was held at the Bussell residence until his loyalty to the settlers was confirmed.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bun-ni, a Noongar constable, was indeed held at the Bussell residence until Bussell and Molloy were convinced of his loyalty to assist them.
The first punitive expedition was guided by two young Noongar boys who were caught spying.
Answer: False
Explanation: The first punitive expedition was guided by Bun-ni, the Noongar constable, after two young Noongar boys, described as spies, reported Gaywal's location.
Molloy and Bussell officially reported that the first punitive expedition resulted in the killing of seven Noongar people and the capture of thirteen women and children.
Answer: True
Explanation: Molloy and Bussell's reports stated that seven Noongar people were killed and thirteen women and children were captured during the first punitive expedition.
Fanny Bussell's diary entry for February 26 recorded that only three natives were killed in the first expedition.
Answer: False
Explanation: Fanny Bussell's diary entry for February 26 recorded that seven natives were killed in the first expedition, not three.
Warren Bert Kimberly's 1897 account corroborated the official reports of only a few deaths, stating that Molloy's orders to spare women and children were strictly followed.
Answer: False
Explanation: Kimberly's account contradicted official reports, stating that 'black men killed by dozens' and that Molloy's orders to spare women and children were not strictly followed.
Waadandi Doonan oral history indicates that killings during the first punitive expedition occurred only near the Capel River.
Answer: False
Explanation: Waadandi Doonan oral history indicates killings occurred near the Capel River (Mollakup), at Muddy Lake (Mininup), and near Australind, not only near the Capel River.
The second punitive expedition resulted in two Wardandi men being shot after hostages fled in fear.
Answer: True
Explanation: The second punitive expedition, led by Vernon Bussell, resulted in two Wardandi men being shot when hostages fled in fear after reinforcements arrived.
John Garrett Bussell led the third punitive expedition south to find Gaywal, but it was unsuccessful in capturing him.
Answer: True
Explanation: John Garrett Bussell and his brothers led the third punitive expedition south to find Gaywal, but they returned without capturing him, resolving to wait for Gaywal's surrender.
Molloy and John Garrett Bussell's reports to the colonial secretary claimed a total of eight Wardandi people were killed across all three punitive expeditions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Molloy and John Garrett Bussell's reports to the colonial secretary indeed stated that a total of eight Wardandi people were killed across the three punitive expeditions.
The first group of Noongar people killed during the punitive expeditions were caught near Australind, according to Waadandi Doonan oral history.
Answer: False
Explanation: Waadandi Doonan oral history indicates the first group of Noongar people was caught and killed near the Capel River (Mollakup), not Australind.
Who were the primary leaders of the punitive massacre that followed George Layman's death?
Answer: John Bussell and Captain John Molloy.
Explanation: The punitive massacre was primarily led by John Bussell and Captain John Molloy.
Who was sent on horseback to inform the Bussell family and Captain Molloy of Layman's death?
Answer: Young Robert Heppingstone
Explanation: Young Robert Heppingstone was sent on horseback to inform the Bussell family and Captain Molloy of Layman's death.
What was one of the first actions taken by Bussell and Molloy after Dr. Green ascertained the cause of Layman's death?
Answer: They prepared warrants and compelled Bun-ni to assist them.
Explanation: After Dr. Green ascertained the cause of Layman's death, Bussell and Molloy prepared warrants and compelled Bun-ni to assist them.
How did the first punitive expedition begin, according to the source?
Answer: After two young Noongar boys reported Gaywal had been speared at Mollakup.
Explanation: The first punitive expedition began after two young Noongar boys, described as spies, reported that Gaywal had been speared at Mollakup.
What was the immediate outcome of the first punitive expedition as reported by Molloy and Bussell?
Answer: They killed seven Noongar people and captured thirteen women and children.
Explanation: Molloy and Bussell reported that the first punitive expedition resulted in the killing of seven Noongar people and the capture of thirteen women and children.
According to Waadandi Doonan oral history, where were skulls with bullet holes later found, indicating a killing location during the first punitive expedition?
Answer: Near the Capel River (Mollakup)
Explanation: Waadandi Doonan oral history indicates that skulls with bullet holes were later found near the Capel River (Mollakup), suggesting a killing location.
What was the outcome of the second punitive expedition led by Vernon Bussell?
Answer: Two Wardandi men were shot after hostages fled in fear.
Explanation: The second punitive expedition resulted in two Wardandi men being shot after the Wardandi hostages fled in fear.
What was the official reported number of Wardandi people killed in the three punitive events, according to Molloy and Bussell's reports to the colonial secretary?
Answer: Eight
Explanation: Molloy and Bussell's reports to the colonial secretary stated that a total of eight Wardandi people were killed across the three punitive expeditions.
Which group of settlers joined John Bussell and Captain John Molloy in the punitive massacre?
Answer: Settlers from surrounding areas like Capel, Busselton, and Augusta.
Explanation: Settlers from surrounding areas like Capel, Busselton, and Augusta joined John Bussell and Captain John Molloy in the punitive massacre.
Which individual was compelled by Bussell and Molloy to assist them in the punitive expedition and was held until his loyalty was confirmed?
Answer: Bun-ni
Explanation: Bun-ni, a Noongar constable, was compelled by Bussell and Molloy to assist them and was held until his loyalty was confirmed.
The Wonnerup massacre is also known as the Wonnerup 'Minninup' massacre and occurred in February 1841.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source explicitly states that the Wonnerup massacre is also known as the Wonnerup 'Minninup' massacre and occurred in February 1841.
Charles Symmons, the Protector of Aborigines, was welcomed by settlers upon his arrival after the first punitive expedition.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Symmons, the Protector of Aborigines, was reportedly 'roundly abused' by settlers upon his arrival, indicating a hostile reception.
Gaywal was ultimately killed by Captain Molloy on March 7.
Answer: False
Explanation: Gaywal was ultimately killed on March 7 by Kelly, Lieutenant Northey's servant, not Captain Molloy.
A statue of Gaywal was unveiled in Perth in 2019 as a public memorial.
Answer: False
Explanation: A statue of Gaywal was unveiled in Busselton in January 2019, not Perth, as a public memorial.
Settlers later openly discussed the Wonnerup massacre, acknowledging the full extent of the killings.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Wonnerup massacre was 'systematically downplayed' by settlers in subsequent years, indicating a lack of open discussion or acknowledgment of the full extent of the killings.
A descendant of John Dawson stated that the massacre had a positive impact on the community's morale.
Answer: False
Explanation: A descendant of John Dawson stated that 'something dreadful occurred' which 'seriously affected the moral of the whole community,' indicating a negative impact on morale.
Governor John Hutt actively pursued further inquiry into the Wonnerup massacre.
Answer: False
Explanation: Governor John Hutt and the settler community 'closed ranks against further inquiry,' indicating he did not actively pursue it.
The missing pages from Fanny Bussell's diary were attributed by Edward Shann to her desire to conceal details of the massacre.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edward Shann attributed the missing pages to Fanny Bussell's desire to conceal an argument with Charles Symmons, not directly the massacre details.
The Wonnerup massacre is considered one of the most brutal acts committed by Englishmen in Western Australia.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source describes the Wonnerup massacre as 'one of the most brutal acts committed by Englishmen in the region' of Western Australia.
By what other name is the Wonnerup massacre also known?
Answer: The Wonnerup 'Minninup' massacre
Explanation: The Wonnerup massacre is also referred to as the Wonnerup 'Minninup' massacre.
What was the reaction of settlers when Charles Symmons, the Protector of Aborigines, arrived after the first punitive expedition?
Answer: They reportedly abused him roundly.
Explanation: Upon Charles Symmons' arrival, the settlers reportedly 'abused him roundly,' indicating a hostile reaction.
Who ultimately killed Gaywal, and when?
Answer: Kelly, Lieutenant Northey's servant, on March 7.
Explanation: Gaywal was ultimately killed on March 7 by Kelly, Lieutenant Northey's servant.
What happened to Woberdung, Gaywal's son, and his brother Kenny after Gaywal's death?
Answer: They were captured by Captain Molloy and incarcerated on Rottnest Island.
Explanation: After Gaywal's death, Woberdung and Kenny were captured by Captain Molloy and incarcerated on Rottnest Island.
Where was a statue of Gaywal unveiled in January 2019 as a public memorial?
Answer: Busselton
Explanation: A statue of Gaywal was unveiled in Busselton in January 2019 as a public memorial.
How was the Wonnerup massacre characterized by settlers in subsequent years?
Answer: It was systematically downplayed.
Explanation: The Wonnerup massacre was 'systematically downplayed' by settlers in subsequent years.
What did a descendant of John Dawson say about the impact of the massacre on the community?
Answer: Something dreadful occurred that seriously affected the moral of the whole community.
Explanation: A descendant of John Dawson stated that 'something dreadful occurred' during the massacre 'which seriously affected the moral of the whole community.'
Which of the following was NOT cited as evidence suggesting a cover-up of the events surrounding the Wonnerup massacre?
Answer: A public apology issued by Captain Molloy for the excessive violence.
Explanation: The source lists Governor John Hutt's actions, Molloy's letterbook, and Fanny Bussell's missing diary pages as evidence of a cover-up, but does not mention a public apology.
What reason did Edward Shann attribute to the missing four pages from Fanny Bussell's diary during February 1841?
Answer: She wanted to conceal an argument with Charles Symmons.
Explanation: Edward Shann attributed the missing pages to Fanny Bussell's desire to conceal an argument with Charles Symmons.
What was the name of Gaywal's son who was incarcerated on Rottnest Island?
Answer: Woberdung
Explanation: Gaywal's son, Woberdung, was captured and incarcerated on Rottnest Island.
Who was the artist responsible for creating the statue of Gaywal unveiled in Busselton in 2019?
Answer: Greg James
Explanation: The statue of Gaywal unveiled in Busselton in 2019 was created by artist Greg James.