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Zanzibar Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge

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Study Guide: Zanzibar: An Archipelago of History and Culture

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Zanzibar: An Archipelago of History and Culture Study Guide

Geography and Environment of Zanzibar

The Zanzibar archipelago is situated within the Atlantic Ocean, comprising a single major island and numerous smaller ones.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Zanzibar archipelago is situated in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa, not the Atlantic. It comprises numerous small islands and two larger ones, Unguja and Pemba.

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Zanzibar City, the capital, is located on Pemba Island, serving as the administrative center.

Answer: False

Explanation: Zanzibar City, the capital, is located on Unguja, the main island of the archipelago, not on Pemba Island.

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Unguja Island is characterized by high mountain ranges and deep valleys.

Answer: False

Explanation: Unguja Island is characterized by low-lying terrain and a maximum elevation of 120 meters, lacking high mountain ranges and deep valleys.

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Zanzibar experiences a temperate climate with distinct cold winters and warm summers.

Answer: False

Explanation: Zanzibar experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by warm temperatures year-round, rather than a temperate climate with distinct cold winters and warm summers.

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The Zanzibar red colobus is an endemic primate species found only on the mainland of Tanzania.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Zanzibar red colobus is an endemic primate species found specifically on the islands of Zanzibar, not exclusively on the mainland of Tanzania.

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Plastic pollution on beaches and rising sea levels are not significant environmental concerns for Zanzibar.

Answer: False

Explanation: Plastic pollution on beaches and rising sea levels are indeed significant environmental concerns for Zanzibar, impacting its ecosystems and coastal areas.

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In which body of water is the Zanzibar archipelago situated?

Answer: The Indian Ocean

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Identify the two principal islands that constitute the Zanzibar archipelago.

Answer: Unguja and Pemba

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On which island is Zanzibar City, the archipelago's capital, located?

Answer: On Unguja, the main island

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Which of the following is an endemic species found in Zanzibar?

Answer: Zanzibar red colobus

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What is a primary environmental concern impacting Zanzibar's coastal and marine environments?

Answer: Plastic pollution

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Ancient and Early History of Zanzibar

Stone Town's recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site is primarily due to its modern infrastructure and planning.

Answer: False

Explanation: Stone Town's UNESCO World Heritage status is attributed to its rich history, unique architecture, and cultural amalgamation, not its modern infrastructure or planning.

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The name 'Zanzibar' originates from a Swahili phrase meaning 'island of cloves'.

Answer: False

Explanation: The name 'Zanzibar' originates from Persian and Arabic terms meaning 'land of the blacks,' not from a Swahili phrase related to cloves.

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Evidence of human habitation in Zanzibar dates back only a few hundred years.

Answer: False

Explanation: Evidence, including microliths, suggests human habitation in Zanzibar dates back at least 20,000 years, far exceeding a few hundred years.

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The ancient text 'Periplus of the Erythraean Sea' mentions an island called 'Zanj', believed to be Pemba Island.

Answer: False

Explanation: The 'Periplus of the Erythraean Sea' is believed to mention 'Menuthias,' which is identified with Unguja (Zanzibar Island), not Pemba. 'Zanj' historically referred to the broader Swahili coast.

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Bantu speakers began migrating to the Zanzibar region around the 15th century AD.

Answer: False

Explanation: Bantu speakers began migrating to the Zanzibar region at the beginning of the first millennium AD, not around the 15th century.

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Archaeological findings at Fukuchani suggest that early inhabitants were primarily nomadic hunters.

Answer: False

Explanation: Archaeological findings at Fukuchani indicate that early inhabitants were part of a settled agricultural and fishing community, not primarily nomadic hunters.

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Early Swahili architecture in Zanzibar exclusively used timber structures until the 15th century.

Answer: False

Explanation: Early Swahili architecture evolved from timber structures to incorporating mud-and-coral and eventually stone bonded with lime well before the 15th century.

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What is the primary historical distinction of Stone Town recognized by UNESCO?

Answer: It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized for its unique architecture and layout.

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The name 'Zanzibar' is derived from Persian and Arabic terms collectively meaning:

Answer: Land of the Blacks

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What archaeological evidence suggests human habitation in Zanzibar dating back at least 20,000 years?

Answer: Microliths

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Which ancient text, dating from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD, is believed to reference Unguja Island?

Answer: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

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Approximately when did Bantu speakers commence their migration into the Zanzibar region?

Answer: At the beginning of the first millennium AD

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Archaeological findings at Fukuchani, dating to at least the 6th century AD, indicate:

Answer: A settled agricultural and fishing community.

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By the 14th century, how had Swahili architecture in Zanzibar evolved?

Answer: It incorporated stone construction bonded with lime.

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The Sultanate and Colonial Period

Vasco da Gama's arrival in 1498 led to Zanzibar becoming a direct Portuguese colony with extensive fortifications.

Answer: False

Explanation: Vasco da Gama's arrival in 1498 marked the beginning of European contact, and Zanzibar later became part of the Portuguese Empire, but direct colonial rule and extensive fortifications were not immediate consequences.

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Omani rule began in Zanzibar in 1698, leading to the establishment of Stone Town as a major trading hub.

Answer: True

Explanation: Following the end of Portuguese influence, Zanzibar came under the sway of the Sultanate of Oman in 1698, and Omani rulers subsequently developed Stone Town into a significant trading center.

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Majid bin Said was the first Sultan of Zanzibar, formally separating it from Oman after his father's death.

Answer: True

Explanation: Majid bin Said ascended as the first Sultan of Zanzibar, establishing its distinct status following the division of his father's territories.

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Before 1890, the Zanzibar Sultanate's territory extended to include major cities like Mombasa and Dar es Salaam.

Answer: True

Explanation: Prior to 1890, the Zanzibar Sultanate's dominion encompassed a significant portion of the East African coast, including prominent cities such as Mombasa and Dar es Salaam.

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The British actively supported the continuation of the slave trade in Zanzibar throughout the 19th century.

Answer: False

Explanation: The British Empire actively worked towards the abolition of the slave trade in Zanzibar throughout the 19th century, implementing treaties and naval actions to suppress the practice.

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The Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty of 1890 established Zanzibar as a German protectorate.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty of 1890 established Zanzibar as a British protectorate, not a German one.

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Vasco da Gama's arrival in 1498 marked the beginning of Zanzibar's integration into which European empire?

Answer: The Portuguese Empire

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In what year did Zanzibar come under the significant influence of the Sultanate of Oman?

Answer: 1698

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Who is recognized as the first Sultan of Zanzibar, formally establishing its separate rule after his father's dominions were divided?

Answer: Majid bin Said

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Which treaty, signed in 1890, formally recognized British protectorate status over Zanzibar?

Answer: The Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty

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Which agreement or action formally recognized the division of Sultan Said bin Sultan's dominions, leading to the establishment of the Zanzibar Sultanate?

Answer: Formalized by Great Britain's Viceroy, Charles Canning

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Revolution, Union, and Modern Politics

Zanzibar maintains full autonomy and is not politically integrated with mainland Tanzania.

Answer: False

Explanation: Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous region within the United Republic of Tanzania, having united with Tanganyika in 1964. It does not maintain full autonomy separate from mainland Tanzania.

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The Anglo-Zanzibar War of 1896 is recognized as the longest war in recorded history.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Anglo-Zanzibar War of 1896 is notable for being the shortest war in recorded history, lasting approximately 38 minutes.

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Following the end of the British Protectorate in 1963, Zanzibar became a republic.

Answer: False

Explanation: Upon the termination of the British Protectorate in 1963, Zanzibar became an independent constitutional monarchy under the Sultan, not a republic.

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The Zanzibar Revolution of 1964 resulted in the exile of the Sultan and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Zanzibar Revolution of 1964 led to the deposition of the Sultan and the establishment of the socialist People's Republic of Zanzibar, not a constitutional monarchy.

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Zanzibar merged with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the nation currently known as Tanzania.

Answer: True

Explanation: In April 1964, Zanzibar united with Tanganyika to establish the United Republic of Tanzania.

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The Zanzibar House of Representatives is solely responsible for electing the President of Tanzania.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Zanzibar House of Representatives sends representatives to the National Assembly of Tanzania, but it is not solely responsible for electing the President of Tanzania.

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The Zanzibar Revolution led to a significant decrease in the Arab and Indian populations due to emigration and conflict.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Zanzibar Revolution of 1964 resulted in considerable casualties among the Arab and Indian populations, leading to the emigration of many residents.

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What is Zanzibar's political designation within the United Republic of Tanzania?

Answer: A semi-autonomous region with significant self-governance.

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What was the approximate duration of the Anglo-Zanzibar War in 1896?

Answer: 38 minutes

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What form of government did Zanzibar adopt immediately following the termination of the British Protectorate in December 1963?

Answer: An Independent Constitutional Monarchy

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The Zanzibar Revolution in January 1964 led to the deposition of Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah and the establishment of:

Answer: The People's Republic of Zanzibar

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What significant demographic consequence resulted from the Zanzibar Revolution?

Answer: Significant casualties among Arabs and Indians, and emigration of many residents.

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To which larger legislative body does the Zanzibar House of Representatives send delegates?

Answer: The National Assembly of Tanzania

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Economy, Infrastructure, and Trade

The economy of Zanzibar is primarily supported by the fishing and textile industries.

Answer: False

Explanation: Zanzibar's economy is primarily driven by tourism and the spice industry (especially cloves and nutmeg), not by fishing and textiles.

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Zanzibar is globally recognized for its production of vanilla, saffron, and cardamom.

Answer: False

Explanation: Zanzibar is globally recognized for spices such as cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon, but not typically for vanilla, saffron, or cardamom.

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Tourism is Zanzibar's second-largest income source after the spice industry.

Answer: False

Explanation: Tourism is Zanzibar's primary income source, surpassing the spice industry and agriculture.

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Submarine power cables provide Zanzibar with electricity primarily generated from geothermal sources.

Answer: False

Explanation: Submarine power cables connect Zanzibar to mainland Tanzania for electricity supply; geothermal sources are not the primary generation method.

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The 'Daladala' is the main form of public transportation in Zanzibar, operating as private buses.

Answer: True

Explanation: The 'Daladala,' a type of privately operated bus, serves as the principal mode of public transportation across Zanzibar.

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The Malindi port handles nearly all of Zanzibar's international trade and has never faced structural issues.

Answer: False

Explanation: While the Malindi port handles approximately 90% of Zanzibar's trade, it has experienced structural issues, including sinking, contrary to the assertion that it has never faced such problems.

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Abeid Amani Karume International Airport's recent upgrades allow it to handle large aircraft and up to 1.5 million passengers annually.

Answer: True

Explanation: Recent upgrades to Abeid Amani Karume International Airport have enhanced its capacity to accommodate large aircraft and process up to 1.5 million passengers per year.

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Zanzibar's clove industry has expanded significantly in recent years due to stable global prices.

Answer: False

Explanation: Zanzibar's clove industry has faced challenges from volatile global prices and international competition, leading to a diminished global market share, rather than significant expansion.

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The Zanzibar Ports Corporation manages ports only on Unguja Island.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Zanzibar Ports Corporation manages ports on both Unguja and Pemba Islands, not exclusively on Unguja.

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The nickname 'Spice Islands' historically referred exclusively to islands in the Caribbean.

Answer: False

Explanation: The nickname 'Spice Islands' historically referred to regions in the Indian Ocean, including Zanzibar and the adjacent coast, not exclusively to Caribbean islands.

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Zanzibar's reliance on fuel wood and charcoal for energy is minimal due to widespread electricity access.

Answer: False

Explanation: Zanzibar has a significant reliance on fuel wood and charcoal for domestic energy needs, as widespread electricity access does not eliminate this dependence.

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Which of the following is NOT identified as a primary economic driver for Zanzibar?

Answer: Manufacturing

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Which spice is notably NOT among Zanzibar's primary agricultural exports?

Answer: Vanilla

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What is the principal source of income for Zanzibar, surpassing other sectors?

Answer: Tourism

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What is the predominant form of public transportation utilized in Zanzibar?

Answer: Daladalas (private buses)

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Which port handles the majority of Zanzibar's international trade?

Answer: Malindi Port

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The sinking of which ferry in 2011 represented the most severe maritime disaster in Tanzanian history?

Answer: MV Spice Islander I

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What is the annual passenger handling capacity of the upgraded Abeid Amani Karume International Airport?

Answer: 1.5 million

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The historical designation 'Spice Islands' for Zanzibar refers to its significant production of which spices?

Answer: Cloves, Nutmeg, and Cinnamon

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Beyond electricity, what are the principal sources of energy for domestic needs in Zanzibar?

Answer: Fuel wood, charcoal, and kerosene

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What are the primary challenges confronting Zanzibar's clove industry?

Answer: Volatile global market prices and international competition.

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What is the principal function of the Zanzibar Ports Corporation?

Answer: Operating and developing the islands' ports.

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Culture, Society, and Notable Figures

The 2022 census indicated a significant population decline in Zanzibar.

Answer: False

Explanation: The 2022 census reported a population of 1,889,773 and an annual growth rate of approximately 3.8 percent, indicating population growth, not decline.

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The Swahili people are the only ethnic group residing in Zanzibar.

Answer: False

Explanation: While the Swahili people are the primary ethnic group, Zanzibar is also home to significant populations of Arabs, Persians, Somalis, and Indian people.

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Arabic is the dominant spoken language in Zanzibar today, actively promoted by the government.

Answer: False

Explanation: Swahili, specifically the Kiunguja dialect, is the dominant spoken language in Zanzibar today. While Arabic is present, it is not the primary language, and government policy promotes Swahilization.

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Islam is the religion practiced by a small minority of Zanzibar's population.

Answer: False

Explanation: Islam is the predominant religion in Zanzibar, practiced by approximately 98% of the population, not a small minority.

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Zanzibar's standard of living, particularly infant mortality rates, is higher than on mainland Tanzania.

Answer: False

Explanation: Zanzibar generally exhibits lower infant and child mortality rates compared to mainland Tanzania, indicating a comparatively better standard of living in this specific health metric.

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The Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF) is primarily focused on showcasing European cinema.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF) focuses on the arts of the Swahili Coast and the 'Dhow Countries,' not primarily on European cinema.

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Abdulrazak Gurnah, winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature, was born in Kenya and later moved to Zanzibar.

Answer: False

Explanation: Abdulrazak Gurnah, the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate, was born in Zanzibar, not Kenya.

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Football is the most popular sport in Zanzibar, and its national team competes in FIFA World Cup qualifiers.

Answer: False

Explanation: While football is the most popular sport in Zanzibar, its national team, though an associate member of CAF, is not eligible to compete in FIFA World Cup qualifiers.

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Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of Queen, was born in London and later visited Zanzibar.

Answer: False

Explanation: Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of Queen, was born in Stone Town, Zanzibar, not London.

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The State University of Zanzibar (SUZA) is the only public institution for higher learning on the islands.

Answer: True

Explanation: The State University of Zanzibar (SUZA) is indeed the sole public institution dedicated to higher learning within the archipelago.

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Cricket was once popular in Zanzibar but declined significantly after the 1964 revolution.

Answer: True

Explanation: Cricket experienced a period of popularity in Zanzibar but subsequently saw a significant decline in participation and prominence following the 1964 revolution.

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What is the primary language spoken in Zanzibar today?

Answer: Swahili (Kiunguja dialect)

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What proportion of Zanzibar's population adheres to Islam?

Answer: Approximately 98%

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In comparison to mainland Tanzania, Zanzibar generally exhibits:

Answer: Lower infant and child mortality rates.

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What is the most prominent annual cultural event held in Zanzibar, typically in July?

Answer: The Festival of the Dhow Countries (ZIFF)

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Who is the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature recipient born in Zanzibar in 1948?

Answer: Abdulrazak Gurnah

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What is the status of Zanzibar's national football team concerning FIFA competitions?

Answer: It is an associate member of CAF but not eligible for FIFA competitions.

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Which iconic musician, born in Stone Town, Zanzibar, in 1946, became the lead singer of the rock band Queen?

Answer: Freddie Mercury

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What is the primary significance of the State University of Zanzibar (SUZA)?

Answer: It is the only public institution for higher learning in Zanzibar.

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What historical trend impacted the popularity of cricket in Zanzibar?

Answer: It declined significantly after the 1964 revolution.

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