This is an academic overview based on the Wikipedia article on Buddhism by country. Read the full source article here. (opens in new tab)

The Global Dharma

Mapping the adherence and distribution of Buddhist traditions across nations and regions worldwide.

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Global Overview

Adherents Worldwide

As of recent estimates (circa 2020), Buddhism is practiced by approximately 320 million individuals globally, representing about 4.1% of the world's total population. This figure underscores its significance as a major world religion, with a profound historical and cultural impact across Asia and increasingly in Western nations.

State Religion Status

Buddhism holds the status of the state religion in four sovereign nations: Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma), Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. This designation reflects the deep integration of Buddhist principles and institutions within the governmental and cultural fabric of these countries.

Major Branches and Distribution

The practice of Buddhism is broadly categorized into major branches, each with distinct geographical centers and philosophical nuances:

  • Mahayana: The largest branch, followed by approximately 53% of Buddhists, predominantly in East Asia.
  • Theravada: The second-largest branch, adhered to by about 36% of Buddhists, primarily in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka.
  • Navayana: A smaller, modern school, notably followed in India.

These branches shape the diverse expressions of Buddhist practice observed globally.

Country-Specific Distribution

Pew Research Center Data (2010)

A comprehensive 2010 study by the Pew Research Center provides a detailed snapshot of Buddhist populations worldwide. This data highlights significant concentrations in Asia but also notes the presence of Buddhist communities across all major continents.

The Pew Research Center's 2010 data indicates a global Buddhist population of approximately 487.5 million, constituting 7.1% of the world's total population at that time. The Asia-Pacific region accounted for the vast majority, with over 481 million adherents.

Buddhist Population by Country (Pew Research Center, 2010)
Country/Territory Population % Buddhist No. of Buddhists
China 1,341,340,000 18.2% 244,130,000
Thailand 69,120,000 93.2% 64,420,000
Japan 126,540,000 36.2% 45,820,000
Myanmar 47,960,000 89.9% 38,410,000
Vietnam 87,850,000 16.4% 14,380,000
Sri Lanka 20,860,000 69.3% 14,450,000
Cambodia 14,140,000 96.9% 13,690,000
South Korea 48,180,000 22.9% 11,050,000
India 1,224,610,000 0.8% 9,250,000
Malaysia 28,400,000 19.8% 5,010,000

Other Data Sources

Additional data from various sources, including national censuses and specific studies, offer further insights into Buddhist populations. These figures, while sometimes varying due to methodology and year of collection, generally corroborate the primary centers of Buddhist adherence.

Data from national censuses and specific studies provide supplementary figures. For instance, recent census data from Australia (2021) indicates 2.4% Buddhist adherence (615,800 individuals), while Singapore's 2020 census reported 31.1% (1,257,749 individuals). These figures highlight the dynamic nature of religious demographics.

Selected Buddhist Population Data (Various Sources)
Country/Territory Population % Buddhist No. of Buddhists Year
Australia 25,422,788 2.4% 615,800 2021
Singapore 4,044,210 31.1% 1,257,749 2020
Sri Lanka 20,359,439 70.2% 14,272,056 2011
Thailand 67,706,048 93.5% 63,299,193 2018

Regional Distribution

Continental Overview (2010)

The Pew Research Center's 2010 analysis categorizes Buddhist populations by major global regions, illustrating the geographical concentration of the faith.

Buddhism by Region (Pew Research Center, 2010)
Region Estimated Total Population Estimated Buddhist Population %
Asia-Pacific 4,054,990,000 481,290,000 11.9%
North America 344,530,000 3,860,000 1.1%
Europe 742,550,000 1,330,000 0.2%
Middle East-North Africa 341,020,000 500,000 0.1%
Latin America-Caribbean 590,080,000 410,000 <0.1%
World Total 6,895,890,000 487,540,000 7.1%

Prominent Buddhist Populations

Top Ten Countries by Adherence (Pew 2010)

Examining the ten countries with the largest Buddhist populations reveals a significant concentration in East and Southeast Asia, reflecting the historical spread of the Dharma.

Top Ten Countries by Buddhist Population (Pew Research Center, 2010)
Country Estimated Buddhist Population % of Country Population % of World Buddhist Population
China 244,130,000 18.2% 50.1%
Thailand 64,420,000 94.5% 13.2%
Japan 45,820,000 36.2% 9.4%
Myanmar 38,410,000 87.9% 7.9%
Vietnam 14,910,000 14.9% 2.9%
Sri Lanka 14,450,000 70.2% 3.0%
Cambodia 13,690,000 96.9% 2.8%
South Korea 11,050,000 22.9% 2.3%
India 9,250,000 0.8% 1.9%
Malaysia 5,010,000 19.8% 1.0%

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References

References

A full list of references for this article are available at the Buddhism by country Wikipedia page

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Academic Disclaimer

Important Considerations

Esteemed colleagues and students, this document has been meticulously compiled by an artificial intelligence, drawing exclusively from the provided source material. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to academic standards, the content is based on data available at a specific point in time and may not reflect the most current demographic shifts or scholarly interpretations.

This is not a substitute for primary research or expert consultation. The information presented herein is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute an endorsement of any particular religious viewpoint or demographic claim. For definitive statistical data and nuanced understanding, consultation of original research papers, official census reports, and peer-reviewed academic journals is strongly advised.

The creators of this educational resource are not liable for any inaccuracies, omissions, or interpretations derived from the information provided. Users are encouraged to engage with the data critically and responsibly.