What is the approximate percentage of the U.S. population that identifies as Roman Catholic, and how does this compare to other religious groupings?

As of 2018, approximately 23 percent of the United States' population identifies as Roman Catholic. This makes the Roman Catholic Church the country's second-largest religious group after Protestantism, and its largest single church if Protestant denominations are counted separately.

How does the Roman Catholic population in the United States rank globally?

The United States has the fourth-largest Roman Catholic population in the world, following Brazil, Mexico, and the Philippines.

What percentage of Americans identified as Roman Catholic in a 2020 Gallup poll?

In a 2020 Gallup poll, 25% of Americans stated they were Roman Catholic.

Which of the Thirteen Colonies was founded with an explicitly English Catholic identity in the 17th century?

The Province of Maryland was founded in the 17th century with an explicitly English Catholic identity, serving as a Catholic proprietary colony. It was named after Queen Henrietta Maria, the wife of King Charles I of England.

What was the primary motivation behind the founding of the Province of Maryland?

The Province of Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore to provide a refuge for his fellow Catholics who were facing persecution from the Protestant majority in England. King Charles I supported this plan as a demonstration that religious toleration could foster harmony between Catholics and Protestants.

How did the Maryland Toleration Act's status change due to Puritan rebellions?

The Maryland Toleration Act was repealed by Puritans in 1650, leading to the outlawing of Catholicism and the exile of Catholic priests. Although reinstated in 1658, it was repealed again in 1689 by Puritan rebels who cooperated with an Anglican-dominated assembly to bar Catholics from public office.

How did George Washington demonstrate his commitment to religious tolerance regarding Catholics?

President George Washington promoted religious tolerance, notably by issuing strict orders in 1775 against the celebration of "Pope's Day," the colonial equivalent of Guy Fawkes Night, and by acknowledging the patriotic contributions of French Catholics and Bishop John Carroll.

Who were the Catholics involved in drafting the United States Constitution?

Daniel Carroll of the Irish O'Carrolls and Thomas Fitzsimons, who was Irish-born, were two Catholics who helped draft the United States Constitution in 1787.

What was John Carroll's initial role in the American Catholic Church, and when did he become the first American bishop?

John Carroll was appointed by the Vatican as Prefect Apostolic, making him the superior of the missionary church in the thirteen states. He formulated plans for Georgetown University and became the first American bishop in 1789.

How did territories previously belonging to the Spanish Empire become part of the United States in the 19th century?

Territories previously under Spanish Empire rule, such as Florida in the 1820s, and later significant portions of Mexico following the Mexican-American War (including California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming), became part of the United States. Many of these areas retained their Spanish Catholic place names.

What was the primary driver for the surge in Catholic population in the United States starting in the 1840s?

The Catholic population surged significantly from the 1840s due to large-scale immigration from Germany and Ireland, followed by Italians and Poles after 1890, as well as contributions from Quebec.

When did Catholics become the largest single denomination in the United States, and how did their population grow?

Catholics became the country's largest single denomination by 1850. Between 1860 and 1890, their population tripled, reaching seven million.

What were the key devotional and disciplinary changes associated with the Catholic revival (Ultramontanism)?

The Catholic revival, or Ultramontanism, included a greater emphasis on piety, miracles, saints, and devotions like praying the rosary and devotion to the Virgin Mary. It also involved stricter discipline, such as compulsory Sunday attendance, regular confession and communion, and a greater respect for bishops and the Pope, leading to more direct Vatican control.

What was the "Americanism controversy" in the 1890s, and what was its impact?

The Americanism controversy involved the Vatican's suspicion of liberalism within the American Church. This led to a shift towards conservative theology, with Irish bishops demonstrating loyalty to the Pope, and liberal ideas in Catholic colleges being suppressed.

What role did nuns and sisters play in American religious life during the 19th century?

Nuns and sisters were instrumental in American religious life, education, nursing, and social work. They founded religious orders based on perceived needs and opportunities, growing rapidly in number and often outnumbering priests and brothers.

What were the main sources of Catholic immigration to the U.S. from the 1840s to 1914, and how did this influence parish organization?

From the 1840s to 1914, major immigration waves came from Ireland, Germany, Eastern Europe, Italy, Quebec, and Poland. Bishops often established separate parishes for these distinct ethnic groups to meet their needs.

What major controversy affected the Catholic Church in the U.S. in the later 20th century?

In the later 20th century, the Catholic Church in the U.S. faced controversy due to allegations of clerical child abuse, episcopal negligence in addressing these crimes, and numerous civil suits resulting in substantial damages paid by dioceses.

What is the estimated number of "fallen-away" Catholics in the U.S., and what are common reasons for affiliation loss?

Around 26 million American Catholics were considered "fallen-away" in 2011, meaning they were not practicing their faith. Common reasons for leaving include loss of belief, disenchantment, indifference, or switching to another religious group or no religion.

How has the geographic center of U.S. Catholicism shifted in recent years?

The geographic center of U.S. Catholicism is gradually shifting from the Northeast and urban Midwest towards the South and West, influenced by the growing Hispanic population.

What criticism did Pope Francis level against the Catholic Church in the United States in 2023?

In 2023, Pope Francis described the Catholic Church in the United States as having a "strong reactionary" element, suggesting that ideology had sometimes replaced faith within it.

What is the primary leadership body for the Catholic Church in the United States?

The primary leadership body for the Catholic Church in the United States is the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), composed of the nation's bishops.

What is the significance of the Archdiocese of Baltimore within the U.S. Catholic Church?

The Archdiocese of Baltimore was acknowledged as having a "Prerogative of Place" in the 1850s, granting its archbishop some leadership responsibilities similar to primates in other countries. It was the first diocese established in the U.S. and was highly influential for many years.

What are the different categories of personnel employed by the Catholic Church in the United States?

The Catholic Church employs ordained clergy (bishops, priests, deacons), non-ordained lay ecclesial ministers, theologians, catechists, and individuals in consecrated life. Additionally, many lay people are employed in secular careers supporting church institutions.

How many presbyters (priests) were employed by the church in the U.S. in 2018?

In 2018, there were approximately 36,580 presbyters (priests) employed by the church in the United States, divided into 25,254 diocesan priests and 11,326 religious/consecrated priests.

What was the primary motivation for Catholic cities to build their own parochial school systems in the mid-19th century?

The main impetus for building parochial schools was the fear that exposure to Protestant teachers and fellow students in public schools would lead to a loss of Catholic faith among children.

What were the reported graduation and college matriculation rates for Catholic secondary schools in 2024?

In 2024, the National Catholic Educational Association reported that 99% of students in 1,174 Catholic secondary schools graduated on time, with 85% of them proceeding to four-year colleges.

Which is considered the national university of the Catholic Church in the U.S., and when was it founded?

The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., founded by the nation's bishops in 1887, is considered the national university of the church.

Which U.S. Catholic university has the largest endowment, and what was its value in 2022?

The University of Notre Dame, founded in 1842, is the wealthiest U.S. Catholic university, with an endowment exceeding $20 billion in 2022.

What was the size and revenue of the Catholic health care system in the U.S. in 2002?

In 2002, the Catholic health care system comprised 625 hospitals with a combined revenue of $30 billion, making it the nation's largest group of nonprofit systems.

What is the role of Catholic Charities in the United States?

Catholic Charities is active as the largest voluntary social service network in the United States, involved in various forms of aid and support.

How has the percentage of Catholics in the U.S. population changed since 1960?

Since 1960, the percentage of Americans who are Catholic has decreased from about 25% to 22%.

What is the racial and ethnic composition of U.S. Catholics, and how does it compare to other religious groups?

The Catholic Church in the U.S. is diverse, with Hispanics accounting for 38% of Catholics, and Black and Asian Catholics each making up 3%. This diversity makes it a significant laboratory for cross-cultural cooperation.

What is the net conversion balance for Catholicism in the U.S. compared to other religious groups?

Catholicism has the worst net conversion balance among major religious groups in the U.S., experiencing high rates of conversion out of the faith and low rates of conversion into it.

In which U.S. states did Catholics constitute a plurality of the population as of 2014, according to the Pew Research Center?

As of 2014, Catholics made up a plurality of the population in four states: Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island.

What is the percentage of Catholics in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, according to 2017 data?

According to 2017 data, 34% of Massachusetts' population and 42% of Rhode Island's population identified as Catholic.

What has been the historical political association of Catholicism in the United States?

Historically, Catholicism in the United States has been associated with left-wing politics and the Democratic Party, though Catholics have increasingly become swing voters since the 1970s.

How did Catholics' political affiliations evolve in the 19th century?

In the 1840s, Catholics began aligning with the Democrats against the Whigs, and by the 1890s, they favored the Democratic Party over the Republicans, a trend that continued into the 20th century as they formed a core part of the New Deal Coalition.

Who are the two Catholic presidents of the United States, and what is their heritage?

The two Catholic presidents of the United States are John F. Kennedy and Joe Biden, both predominantly of Irish heritage.

What is the Catholic Church's official stance on casual sex, abortion, and same-sex marriage?

The Catholic Church officially opposes casual sex, abortion, and same-sex marriage, although surveys indicate that Catholic laity are often more culturally liberal on these issues than the median voter.

Who is Robert Barron, and what is his current role?

Robert Barron is a bishop serving as the Bishop of Winona-Rochester.

Name three actors or entertainers who are Catholic.

Notable Catholic entertainers include Jim Caviezel, Stephen Colbert (television host), and Mel Gibson (actor).

Name two Associate Justices of the Supreme Court who are Catholic.

Samuel Alito and Amy Coney Barrett are Associate Justices of the Supreme Court who are Catholic.

Name three individuals recognized as Catholic Saints from the United States.

Three notable U.S. Catholic Saints mentioned are Frances Xavier Cabrini, Katharine Drexel, and Elizabeth Ann Seton.

Who is recognized as a Servant of God among the listed American Catholics?

Servants of God mentioned include Thea Bowman, Dorothy Day, Vincent R. Capodanno, Walter Ciszek, and Isaac Hecker.

Name three top pilgrimage destinations for Catholics in the United States.

Three prominent pilgrimage destinations are the National Shrine of The Divine Mercy in Stockbridge, Massachusetts; the National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa in Doylestown, Pennsylvania; and the National Shrine Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes in Emmitsburg, Maryland.

What is the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB)?

The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) is the central leadership body for the Catholic Church in the United States, composed of the nation's bishops.

What was the number of lay ecclesial ministers in the U.S. in 2016?

In 2016, there were 39,651 lay ecclesial ministers in the U.S., divided into 23,149 diocesan and 16,502 religious/consecrated ministers.

What percentage of American adults were raised Catholic, and what percentage no longer identify as Catholic, according to a 2014 Pew Research study?

A 2014 Pew Research study indicated that about 31.7% of American adults were raised Catholic, but 41% of that group no longer identify as Catholic.

What sociological insights did Andrew Greeley offer regarding American Catholics in the late 20th century?

Sociologist Andrew Greeley argued that ethnicity remained salient in American life and that Catholics possessed a distinct religious imagination, often thinking in "sacramental" terms. He believed the tradition's stories, imagery, and rituals kept most Catholics engaged with the faith, despite disagreements with church doctrine.

Catholic Church In The United States Wiki: The American Catholic Tapestry: Faith, History, and Influence

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Overview

A Significant Presence

The Roman Catholic Church constitutes a substantial religious force in the United States, representing the nation's second-largest religious grouping. As of recent estimates, approximately 20-25% of the U.S. population identifies as Catholic, making it the largest single church denomination when Protestantism is considered as a collection of distinct denominations.^[3]^[4] The United States holds the distinction of having the fourth-largest Roman Catholic population globally, following Brazil, Mexico, and the Philippines.^[5]

Communion and Structure

As an integral part of the worldwide Catholic Communion, the Church in the United States is in full communion with the Pope of Rome. It encompasses both the Latin Church and various Eastern Catholic traditions, reflecting a rich diversity within the broader faith.^[2] The Church's theological framework is rooted in Catholic theology and scripture, guided by an episcopal polity and administered through the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB).^[1]

Historical Roots

Catholicism's presence in what is now the United States predates the nation's founding. Early colonial efforts, particularly in Maryland, established a foundation for religious tolerance and Catholic community. Over centuries, through immigration, territorial expansion, and cultural integration, the Church has profoundly shaped the American religious and social landscape.^[6]

Historical Trajectory

Colonial Foundations

The Province of Maryland, established in the 17th century, served as a significant early center for English Catholics, offering a refuge from persecution. Named in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria, it contrasted with neighboring Protestant colonies. Catholic families like the Calverts and Carrolls played influential roles. Despite periods of repealed tolerance, Maryland remained a Catholic hub. Other colonies, like Pennsylvania, also offered varying degrees of religious freedom, accommodating Catholic populations.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Founding Era Contributions

Following the American Revolution, the newly formed United States incorporated territories with prior Catholic histories from French and Spanish rule. Catholic figures contributed significantly to the nation's founding, including participants in the Continental Army and framers of the Constitution like Daniel Carroll and Thomas Fitzsimons. John Carroll, the first Catholic bishop, played a pivotal role in establishing the Church's structure and institutions, such as Georgetown University.^[8]^[15]^[20]^[29]

19th Century Growth and Revival

The 19th century witnessed substantial growth driven by immigration from Ireland, Germany, and later Italy and Eastern Europe. The Louisiana Purchase and Mexican Cession brought vast Catholic populations under U.S. jurisdiction. A significant "Catholic Revival," or Ultramontanism, emphasized piety, devotion, and loyalty to the Pope, leading to the establishment of a robust parochial school system and increased religious vocations. Bishops standardized discipline through Plenary Councils of Baltimore.^[36]^[44]^[45]

20th-21st Century Transformations

The 20th century saw continued immigration, particularly from Latin America, diversifying the Church's ethnic makeup. While the Catholic share of the population stabilized or slightly declined, absolute numbers grew. The Church faced challenges including secularism, declining Mass attendance, and the clergy sexual abuse crisis, leading to reforms and increased lay involvement. The Church remains a major provider of social services, education, and healthcare.^[55]^[58]^[64]

Organizational Framework

Diocesan and Provincial Structure

The Church in the U.S. is organized into 197 ecclesiastical jurisdictions, comprising 177 Latin Church dioceses (including 32 archdioceses) and 18 Eastern Catholic eparchies. These are grouped into 32 Latin Church provinces, each headed by an archbishop. Additionally, there are two ordinariates: one for military personnel and another for former Anglicans.^[77]^[78]

Leadership: Bishops and Cardinals

Bishops serve as chief pastors of their dioceses. Archbishops lead archdioceses within provinces. Cardinals, appointed by the Pope, often serve in major archdioceses or in the Roman Curia, and participate in papal conclaves. As of 2024, there are 16 U.S. cardinals, with several actively leading major archdioceses like Chicago, New York, Washington D.C., and Newark.^[86]

Clergy and Ministers

The Church employs approximately 100,000 clergy and ministers. This includes presbyters (priests), deacons, and lay ecclesial ministers. In 2018, there were over 36,000 priests and nearly 19,000 permanent deacons. Additionally, thousands are in formation for various ministries.^[75]^[87]

Institutions and Lay Employees

The Catholic Church operates a vast network of institutions, including over 6,500 primary and secondary schools, approximately 230 universities and colleges, and around 630 hospitals. These institutions employ over one million people, encompassing educators, healthcare professionals, administrators, and support staff, contributing significantly to the U.S. economy and social fabric.^[88]^[90]^[91]

Demographic Landscape

Population Trends

While the percentage of Catholics has seen a slight decline since the mid-20th century, the absolute number of Catholics has increased. Recent surveys indicate around 20-25% of the U.S. population identifies as Catholic. However, retention rates, particularly among younger generations and Hispanic Catholics, present demographic challenges.^[109]^[110]^[113]

Ethnic and Geographic Distribution

The Catholic population is highly diverse ethnically. While non-Hispanic whites historically formed the majority, Hispanic Catholics now constitute a significant and growing portion, particularly in the South and West. This demographic shift is gradually altering the geographic concentration of Catholicism in the U.S.^[113]^[123]

Education and Income

Catholics are well-represented across educational and income levels. A substantial number hold college degrees, and due to their sheer numbers, Catholics constitute the largest religious group residing in households with incomes of $100,000 or more annually.^[115]^[116]

Retention and Conversion

The Church faces challenges with retention, especially among younger Catholics, with a notable percentage leaving the faith. Conversions into Catholicism are relatively rare compared to conversions out of the faith, resulting in a net conversion balance that is lower than many other religious groups.^[127]

Cultural, Social, and Political Impact

Political Engagement

Historically associated with the Democratic Party, Catholics have increasingly become swing voters. Their political views often reflect a complex interplay between traditional Church teachings and contemporary social issues. Catholic politicians, including two U.S. Presidents, have significantly influenced national discourse.^[6]^[136]

Social Activism and Values

Catholic social teaching emphasizes principles like the dignity of life, solidarity, and the common good, guiding extensive social activism. The Church's institutions are deeply involved in charitable work, education, and healthcare, addressing societal needs. However, the laity's cultural views on certain social issues, such as abortion and casual sex, sometimes diverge from official Church doctrine.^[139]^[140]

Challenges and Adaptation

The Church has navigated significant challenges, including anti-Catholicism in earlier periods and more recently, the clergy sexual abuse crisis, which has impacted trust in leadership. In response, the Church has implemented reforms and increased lay participation in governance and administration, seeking to adapt to evolving societal norms and maintain its relevance.^[17]^[58]

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References

Gannon, "The Cross in the Sand: The Early Catholic Church in Florida, 1513â1870", University of Florida Press, 1983

Peter McDonough, Men astutely trained: A history of the Jesuits in the American Century (2008).

James Hennessy, S.J., American Catholics: A history of the Roman Catholic community in the United States (1981) pp 194â203

John Tracy Ellis, The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Volume I, (Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1952) p. 221.

Tyler Anbinder, "Nativism and prejudice against immigrants" in Reed Ueda, ed., A companion to American immigration (2006) pp: 177â201.

Gerard McKevitt, Brokers of Culture: Italian Jesuits in the American West, 1846â1919 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), 1â11, 208â233.

Austin Ivereigh, "God Makes a Comeback: An Interview with John Micklethwait, America, October 5, 2009, 13â14.

Richard McBrien, THE CHURCH/THE EVOLUTION OF CATHOLICISM (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2009), 450. Also see: BASIC VATICAN COUNCIL II: THE BASIC SIXTEEN DOCUMENTS (Costello Publishing, 1996).

This number is conservative, as it only counts those in parish ministry, but there are many in deanery, diocesan, or chaplaincy work

Thomas E. Buckley, "A Mandate for Anti-Catholicism: The Blaine Amendment," America September 27, 2004, 18â21.

Jerry Filteau, "Higher education leaders commit to strengthening Catholic identity," NATIONAL CATHOLIC REPORTER, Vol 47, No. 9, February 18, 2011, 1

Christine Williamson, "Notre Dame's endowment skyrockets," Crain's Chicago Business, Jan, 26, 2022

Arthur Jones, "Catholic health care aims to make 'Catholic' a brand name," National Catholic Reporter July 18, 2003, 8.

Alice Popovici, "Keeping Catholic priorities on the table," National Catholic Reporter June 26, 2009, 7.

Katie Hafner, "When the Religious Objection Comes From Your Local Hospital," The New York Times, August 16, 2018, p. 14.

"50,000th refugee settled," National Catholic Reporter July 24, 2009, 3.

"About Three-In-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated, Pew Research Center, December 14, 2021, 3.

David Gibson, "Five Myths about Catholic sexual abuse scandal", Washington Post, April 18, 2010.

Mark Pattison, "New census of 500,000 people reveals shifts in U.S. religious landscape," National Catholic Reporter, July 13, 2021.

Albert J. Mendedez, "American Catholics, A Social and Political Portrait," THE HUMANIST, September/October 1993, 17â20.

Michael Paulson, "US religious identity is rapidly changing," Boston Globe, February 26, 2008, 1

Ted Olsen, "Go Figure," Christianity Today, April 2008, 15

Dennis Sadowski, "When parishes close, there is more to deal with than just logistics," National Catholic Reporter July 7, 2009, 6.

Robert David Sullivan, "Parishes without pastors decline, but only because more churches have closed," AMERICA, May 24, 2019, p.14

Pew Report, March 17, 2012. 2.6% of all Americans (320 million) are former Protestants, currently Catholic. 7.8 million.

"Religion in Latin American [and among the US Hispanic population]" Pew Research Center, Nov. 13, 2014.

Kenneth Woodward, "Beyond the Gummed Labels," Commonweal, June 2021, 49â50. Woodward reviews the book, Secular Surge, by David E, Campell, Geoffey C. Layman, and John C. Green (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021)

Richard Carwardine, Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America (1993) pp. 89, 106â7.

"Charles Carroll, of Carrollton," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XXIV, 1899.

Todd S. Purdum, Jodi Wilgoren, and Pam Belluck, "Court Nominee's Life Is Rooted in Faith and Respect for Law," New York Times, July 21, 2005.

Emma Brockes, "Interview: I want to feel what I feel. Even if it's not happiness," THE GUARDIAN, April 13, 2012.

Jon Sweeney, "The saint who danced for Queen Victoria," The Tablet, 23, January 2021, 10â11.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Catholic Church in the United States Wikipedia page

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The American Catholic Tapestry

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview ℹ️

🌍 A Significant Presence

✝️ Communion and Structure

🏛️ Historical Roots

Historical Trajectory 📜

⚓ Colonial Foundations

🇺🇸 Founding Era Contributions

📈 19th Century Growth and Revival

🌐 20th-21st Century Transformations

Organizational Framework 🏛️

🗺️ Diocesan and Provincial Structure

👑 Leadership: Bishops and Cardinals

👨‍💼 Clergy and Ministers

🏢 Institutions and Lay Employees

Demographic Landscape 👥

📊 Population Trends

🌍 Ethnic and Geographic Distribution

🎓 Education and Income

📉 Retention and Conversion

Cultural, Social, and Political Impact 🏛️

🗳️ Political Engagement

🤝 Social Activism and Values

⚖️ Challenges and Adaptation

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

📜 References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

A Significant Presence

Communion and Structure

Historical Roots

Historical Trajectory

Colonial Foundations

Founding Era Contributions

19th Century Growth and Revival

20th-21st Century Transformations

Organizational Framework

Diocesan and Provincial Structure

Leadership: Bishops and Cardinals

Clergy and Ministers

Institutions and Lay Employees

Demographic Landscape

Population Trends

Ethnic and Geographic Distribution

Education and Income

Retention and Conversion

Cultural, Social, and Political Impact

Political Engagement

Social Activism and Values

Challenges and Adaptation

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice